The Experts below are selected from a list of 306 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Fiorenza Minervini - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
RESEARCH Open Access
2013Co-Authors: Angela Filannino, Tom Ae Stout, Bart M Gadella, Edita Sostaric, Flavia Pizzi, Ben Colenbr, Maria Elena Dell’aquila, Fiorenza MinerviniAbstract:Dose-response effects of estrogenic mycotoxins (zearalenone, alpha- and Beta-Zearalenol) on motility, hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction of stallion sper
-
Dose-response effects of estrogenic mycotoxins (zearalenone, alpha- and Beta-Zearalenol) on motility, hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2011Co-Authors: Angela Filannino, Tom Ae Stout, Bart M Gadella, Edita Sostaric, Flavia Pizzi, Ben Colenbrander, Maria Elena Dell'aquila, Fiorenza MinerviniAbstract:Background The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of the Fusarium fungus-derived mycotoxin, zearalenone and its derivatives alpha-Zearalenol and Beta-Zearalenol on motility parameters and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm. Since the toxic effects of zearalenone and its derivatives are thought to result from their structural similarity to 17Beta-estradiol, 17Beta-estradiol was used as a positive control for 'estrogen-like' effects. Methods Stallion spermatozoa were exposed in vitro to zearalenone, alpha-Zearalenol, Beta-Zearalenol or 17Beta-estradiol at concentrations ranging from 1 pM - 0.1 mM. After 2 hours exposure, motility parameters were evaluated by computer-assisted analysis, and acrosome integrity was examined by flow cytometry after staining with fluoroscein-conjugated peanut agglutinin. Results Mycotoxins affected sperm parameters only at the highest concentration tested (0.1 mM) after 2 hours exposure. In this respect, all of the compounds reduced the average path velocity, but only alpha-Zearalenol reduced percentages of motile and progressively motile sperm. Induction of motility patterns consistent with hyperactivation was stimulated according to the following rank of potency: alpha-Zearalenol >17Beta-estradiol > zearalenone = Beta-Zearalenol. The hyperactivity-associated changes observed included reductions in straight-line velocity and linearity of movement, and an increase in the amplitude of lateral head displacement, while curvilinear velocity was unchanged. In addition, whereas alpha- and Beta- Zearalenol increased the percentages of live acrosome-reacted sperm, zearalenone and 17Beta-estradiol had no apparent effect on acrosome status. In short, alpha-Zearalenol inhibited normal sperm motility, but stimulated hyperactive motility in the remaining motile cells and simultaneously induced the acrosome reaction. Beta-Zearalenol induced the acrosome reaction without altering motility. Conversely, zearalenone and 17Beta-estradiol did not induce the acrosome reaction but induced hyperactive motility albeit to a different extent. Conclusions Apparently, the mycotoxin zearalenone has 17Beta-estradiol-like estrogenic activity that enables it to induce hyperactivated motility of equine sperm cells, whereas the Zearalenol derivatives induce premature completion of the acrosome reaction and thereby adversely affect stallion sperm physiology. The alpha form of Zearalenol still possessed the estrogenic ability to induce hyperactivated motility, whereas its Beta stereo-isomere had lost this property.
-
Dose-response effects of estrogenic mycotoxins (zearalenone, alpha- and Beta-Zearalenol) on motility, hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2011Co-Authors: Angela Filannino, Tom Ae Stout, Bart M Gadella, Edita Sostaric, Flavia Pizzi, Ben Colenbrander, Maria Elena Dell'aquila, Fiorenza MinerviniAbstract:Background The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of the Fusarium fungus-derived mycotoxin, zearalenone and its derivatives alpha-Zearalenol and Beta-Zearalenol on motility parameters and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm. Since the toxic effects of zearalenone and its derivatives are thought to result from their structural similarity to 17Beta-estradiol, 17Beta-estradiol was used as a positive control for 'estrogen-like' effects.
-
influence of mycotoxin zearalenone and its derivatives alpha and Beta Zearalenol on apoptosis and proliferation of cultured granulosa cells from equine ovaries
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2006Co-Authors: Fiorenza Minervini, P Minoia, Alessandra Giannoccaro, Francesca Fornelli, Maria Elena Dellaquila, Angelo ViscontiAbstract:Background The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) and its derivatives, alpha and Beta-Zearalenol (alpha and Beta-ZOL), synthesized by genera Fusarium, often occur as contaminants in cereal grains and animal feeds. The importance of ZEA on reproductive disorders is well known in domestic animals species, particularly in swine and cattle. In the horse, limited data are available to date on the influence of dietary exposure to ZEA on reproductive health and on its in vitro effects on reproductive cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ZEA and its derivatives, alpha and Beta-ZOL, on granulosa cells (GCs) from the ovaries of cycling mares.
-
Influence of mycotoxin zearalenone and its derivatives (alpha and Beta Zearalenol) on apoptosis and proliferation of cultured granulosa cells from equine ovaries
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2006Co-Authors: Fiorenza Minervini, Maria Elena Dell'aquila, P Minoia, Alessandra Giannoccaro, Francesca Fornelli, Angelo ViscontiAbstract:Background The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) and its derivatives, alpha and Beta-Zearalenol (alpha and Beta-ZOL), synthesized by genera Fusarium, often occur as contaminants in cereal grains and animal feeds. The importance of ZEA on reproductive disorders is well known in domestic animals species, particularly in swine and cattle. In the horse, limited data are available to date on the influence of dietary exposure to ZEA on reproductive health and on its in vitro effects on reproductive cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ZEA and its derivatives, alpha and Beta-ZOL, on granulosa cells (GCs) from the ovaries of cycling mares. Methods The cell proliferation was evaluated by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test after 3 days exposure at different concentrations of ZEA and its derivatives (from 1 × 10-7 to 0.1 microM). The apoptosis induction was evaluated after 1 day exposure, by DNA analysis using flow cytometry. Results An increase in cell proliferation with respect to the control was observed in the presence of ZEA at 1 × 10-3 and 1 × 10-4 microM and apoptosis was induced by all mycotoxins at different concentrations. Conclusion The simultaneous presence of apoptosis and proliferation in GC cultures treated with zearalenones could indicate that these mycotoxins could be effective in inducing follicular atresia. These effects of zearalenones may result from both direct interaction with oestrogen-receptors as well as interaction with the enzymes 3alpha (Beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), involved in the synthesis and metabolism of endogenous steroid hormones. These cellular disturbances, described for the first time in equine GCs cultured in vitro, could be hypothesized as referred to reproductive failures of unknown ethiology in the mare.
Hassen Bacha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
In vitro and in vivo induction of chromosome aberrations by alpha- and Beta-Zearalenols: comparison with zearalenone.
Mutation research, 2011Co-Authors: Yosra Ayed, Zouhour Ouanes, Imen Ayed-boussema, Hassen BachaAbstract:Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by Fusarium fungi. It contaminates different components of the food chain and can cause serious economic and public health problems. The major metabolites of ZEN in various animal species are alpha- and Beta-Zearalenol (α-, β-ZOL). Some in vivo studies have shown that these two metabolites are as toxic as the mother molecule (ZEN), but other investigations have demonstrated that α- and β-ZOL are less toxic than ZEN. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of α- and β-ZOL in vivo, in mouse bone-marrow cells and in vitro, in cultured HeLa cells, and to compare it with ZEN. ZEN showed the same cytotoxicity as α-ZOL and both are more cytotoxic than β-ZOL. Genotoxicity of ZEN and its derivatives was assessed by the chromosome aberration assay. Our results show that ZEN as well as α- and β-ZOL increased the percentage of chromosome aberrations in mouse bone-marrow cells and in HeLa cells. In the two systems, ZEN and α-ZOL exhibited the same range of genotoxicity and both were more genotoxic than β-ZOL. Furthermore, our results show that either ZEN or its two metabolites inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that biotransformation of ZEN may be considered as only a partial detoxification pathway since the resulting metabolites remain relatively toxic.
-
Comparative study of toxic effects of zearalenone and its two major metabolites α‐Zearalenol and β‐Zearalenol on cultured human Caco‐2 cells
Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 2009Co-Authors: Salwa Abid-essefi, Chayma Bouaziz, E. El Golli-bennour, Zouhour Ouanes, Hassen BachaAbstract:Zearalenone (ZEN) is a fusarotoxin converted predominantly into alpha-Zearalenol (alpha-Zol) and Beta-Zearalenol (Beta-Zol) by hepatic hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. The feeding of naturally contaminated grains with ZEN was associated with hyperestrogenic and adverse effects on humans and animals. There is a lack of information on the attribution of the toxic effects of these toxins. One wonders if these effects are due to the parent molecule (ZEN) or to its major metabolites (alpha-Zol and Beta-Zol). Using human Caco-2 cells, we looked for the molecular mechanisms of toxicity of ZEN, alpha-Zol, and Beta-Zol. Toxicity effects were studied by MTT viability assay and oxidative stress induction by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) generation. To check whether the oxidative stress induction was associated to DNA lesions, we looked for DNA fragmentation by means of the Comet and the diphenylamine assays. To specify cell death pathway, we investigated caspase-3 activation, confirmed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and by Bcl-2 depletion. Our results clearly demonstrated that ZEN as well as its two metabolites presented variable toxic effects. They induced cell death and an increase in MDA generation. These effects were associated to DNA fragmentation as well as caspase-3 activation. The observed toxic effects seem to be relieved by the metabolism of ZEN into alpha-Zol and Beta-Zol.
-
Cytotoxicity effects induced by Zearalenone metabolites, alpha Zearalenol and Beta Zearalenol, on cultured Vero cells.
Toxicology, 2008Co-Authors: Zouhour Ouanes-ben Othmen, Emna El Golli, Salwa Abid-essefi, Hassen BachaAbstract:Zearalenone (Zen) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin produced by several species of Fusarium. It has been implicated in several mycotoxicosis in farm animals and in humans. The major metabolites of this mycotoxin in various species are alpha and Beta Zearalenol. In vivo, Zen is mainly reduced to these alcoholic metabolites which cause reproductive tract disorders and impaired fertility due to their estrogenic activities. In this study, we examined the cytotoxicity of alpha and Beta Zearalenol in cultured cells. For this purpose, the MTT assay was carried out and the influence of alpha and Beta Zearalenol on protein and DNA syntheses was assessed. To evaluate the cell stress caused by these two metabolites, oxidative stress measured by MDA induction and stress protein induction (Hsp 70, Hsp 27) were tested. Results showed that alpha and Beta Zearalenol were metabolites that caused cytotoxicity by inhibiting cell viability, protein and DNA syntheses and inducing oxidative damage and over-expression of stress proteins. However, the Zen metabolites exhibited lower toxicity than Zen, with Beta Zearalenol being the more active of the two metabolites.
Maria Elena Dell'aquila - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Dose-response effects of estrogenic mycotoxins (zearalenone, alpha- and Beta-Zearalenol) on motility, hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2011Co-Authors: Angela Filannino, Tom Ae Stout, Bart M Gadella, Edita Sostaric, Flavia Pizzi, Ben Colenbrander, Maria Elena Dell'aquila, Fiorenza MinerviniAbstract:Background The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of the Fusarium fungus-derived mycotoxin, zearalenone and its derivatives alpha-Zearalenol and Beta-Zearalenol on motility parameters and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm. Since the toxic effects of zearalenone and its derivatives are thought to result from their structural similarity to 17Beta-estradiol, 17Beta-estradiol was used as a positive control for 'estrogen-like' effects. Methods Stallion spermatozoa were exposed in vitro to zearalenone, alpha-Zearalenol, Beta-Zearalenol or 17Beta-estradiol at concentrations ranging from 1 pM - 0.1 mM. After 2 hours exposure, motility parameters were evaluated by computer-assisted analysis, and acrosome integrity was examined by flow cytometry after staining with fluoroscein-conjugated peanut agglutinin. Results Mycotoxins affected sperm parameters only at the highest concentration tested (0.1 mM) after 2 hours exposure. In this respect, all of the compounds reduced the average path velocity, but only alpha-Zearalenol reduced percentages of motile and progressively motile sperm. Induction of motility patterns consistent with hyperactivation was stimulated according to the following rank of potency: alpha-Zearalenol >17Beta-estradiol > zearalenone = Beta-Zearalenol. The hyperactivity-associated changes observed included reductions in straight-line velocity and linearity of movement, and an increase in the amplitude of lateral head displacement, while curvilinear velocity was unchanged. In addition, whereas alpha- and Beta- Zearalenol increased the percentages of live acrosome-reacted sperm, zearalenone and 17Beta-estradiol had no apparent effect on acrosome status. In short, alpha-Zearalenol inhibited normal sperm motility, but stimulated hyperactive motility in the remaining motile cells and simultaneously induced the acrosome reaction. Beta-Zearalenol induced the acrosome reaction without altering motility. Conversely, zearalenone and 17Beta-estradiol did not induce the acrosome reaction but induced hyperactive motility albeit to a different extent. Conclusions Apparently, the mycotoxin zearalenone has 17Beta-estradiol-like estrogenic activity that enables it to induce hyperactivated motility of equine sperm cells, whereas the Zearalenol derivatives induce premature completion of the acrosome reaction and thereby adversely affect stallion sperm physiology. The alpha form of Zearalenol still possessed the estrogenic ability to induce hyperactivated motility, whereas its Beta stereo-isomere had lost this property.
-
Dose-response effects of estrogenic mycotoxins (zearalenone, alpha- and Beta-Zearalenol) on motility, hyperactivation and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2011Co-Authors: Angela Filannino, Tom Ae Stout, Bart M Gadella, Edita Sostaric, Flavia Pizzi, Ben Colenbrander, Maria Elena Dell'aquila, Fiorenza MinerviniAbstract:Background The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of the Fusarium fungus-derived mycotoxin, zearalenone and its derivatives alpha-Zearalenol and Beta-Zearalenol on motility parameters and the acrosome reaction of stallion sperm. Since the toxic effects of zearalenone and its derivatives are thought to result from their structural similarity to 17Beta-estradiol, 17Beta-estradiol was used as a positive control for 'estrogen-like' effects.
-
Influence of mycotoxin zearalenone and its derivatives (alpha and Beta Zearalenol) on apoptosis and proliferation of cultured granulosa cells from equine ovaries
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2006Co-Authors: Fiorenza Minervini, Maria Elena Dell'aquila, P Minoia, Alessandra Giannoccaro, Francesca Fornelli, Angelo ViscontiAbstract:Background The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) and its derivatives, alpha and Beta-Zearalenol (alpha and Beta-ZOL), synthesized by genera Fusarium, often occur as contaminants in cereal grains and animal feeds. The importance of ZEA on reproductive disorders is well known in domestic animals species, particularly in swine and cattle. In the horse, limited data are available to date on the influence of dietary exposure to ZEA on reproductive health and on its in vitro effects on reproductive cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ZEA and its derivatives, alpha and Beta-ZOL, on granulosa cells (GCs) from the ovaries of cycling mares. Methods The cell proliferation was evaluated by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test after 3 days exposure at different concentrations of ZEA and its derivatives (from 1 × 10-7 to 0.1 microM). The apoptosis induction was evaluated after 1 day exposure, by DNA analysis using flow cytometry. Results An increase in cell proliferation with respect to the control was observed in the presence of ZEA at 1 × 10-3 and 1 × 10-4 microM and apoptosis was induced by all mycotoxins at different concentrations. Conclusion The simultaneous presence of apoptosis and proliferation in GC cultures treated with zearalenones could indicate that these mycotoxins could be effective in inducing follicular atresia. These effects of zearalenones may result from both direct interaction with oestrogen-receptors as well as interaction with the enzymes 3alpha (Beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), involved in the synthesis and metabolism of endogenous steroid hormones. These cellular disturbances, described for the first time in equine GCs cultured in vitro, could be hypothesized as referred to reproductive failures of unknown ethiology in the mare.
-
Toxic effects of the mycotoxin zearalenone and its derivatives on in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes and 17β-estradiol levels in mural granulosa cell cultures
Toxicology in Vitro, 2001Co-Authors: Fiorenza Minervini, Maria Elena Dell'aquila, F Maritato, P Minoia, A ViscontiAbstract:Moulds parasites of livestock foodstuffs alter the quality of grains by synthesizing mycotoxins. Zearalenone (ZEA) and its derivatives (alpha- and Beta-Zearalenol, zeranol, taleranol and zearalanone) are produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium and, after ingestion via contaminated cereals, may lead to fertility disturbances and other reproductive pathologies. Zearalenone, alpha-Zearalenol and zearalanone were tested, at levels ranging from 0.3 to 30 microg/ml, in order to evaluate the effect on the in vitro maturation (IVM) rate of bovine oocytes and on the formation of 17 Beta-estradiol in supernatants of mural granulosa cells (GC) cultures. These compounds induced dose-dependent oocyte maturation delay and chromatin abnormalities. Maturation of oocytes to metaphase II (M II) was inhibited in oocytes cultured in the presence of 30 microg/ml ZEA, alpha-Zearalenol or zearalanone, with a significant increase in chromatin abnormalities occurring in the presence of ZEA (P
-
Toxic effects of the mycotoxin zearalenone and its derivatives on in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes and 17 Beta-estradiol levels in mural granulosa cell cultures.
Toxicology in Vitro, 2001Co-Authors: Fiorenza Minervini, Maria Elena Dell'aquila, F Maritato, P Minoia, A ViscontiAbstract:Moulds parasites of livestock foodstuffs alter the quality of grains by synthesizing mycotoxins. Zearalenone (ZEA) and its derivatives (alpha- and Beta-Zearalenol, zeranol, taleranol and zearalanone) are produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium and, after ingestion via contaminated cereals, may lead to fertility disturbances and other reproductive pathologies. Zearalenone, alpha-Zearalenol and zearalanone were tested, at levels ranging from 0.3 to 30 microg/ml, in order to evaluate the effect on the in vitro maturation (IVM) rate of bovine oocytes and on the formation of 17 Beta-estradiol in supernatants of mural granulosa cells (GC) cultures. These compounds induced dose-dependent oocyte maturation delay and chromatin abnormalities. Maturation of oocytes to metaphase II (M II) was inhibited in oocytes cultured in the presence of 30 microg/ml ZEA, alpha-Zearalenol or zearalanone, with a significant increase in chromatin abnormalities occurring in the presence of ZEA (P
Angelo Visconti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
simultaneous lc ms ms determination of aflatoxin m1 ochratoxin a deoxynivalenol de epoxydeoxynivalenol α and β Zearalenols and fumonisin b1 in urine as a multi biomarker method to assess exposure to mycotoxins
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Michele Solfrizzo, Lucia Gambacorta, Veronica M T Lattanzio, Stephen Powers, Angelo ViscontiAbstract:Humans and animals can be simultaneously exposed through the diet to different mycotoxins, including aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and fumonisins, which are the most important. Evaluation of the frequency and levels of human and animal exposure to these mycotoxins can be performed by measuring the levels of the relevant biomarkers in urine. Available data on the toxicokinetics of these mycotoxins in animals suggest that aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON)/de-epoxydeoxynivalenol (DOM-1), alpha-Zearalenol (α-ZOL)/Beta-Zearalenol (β-ZOL), and fumonisin B1 (FB1) can be used as urinary biomarkers. A liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric method has been developed for simultaneous determination of these mycotoxin biomarkers in human or animal urine. Urine samples were purified and concentrated by a double cleanup approach, using a multitoxin immunoaffinity column and a reversed-phase SPE Oasis HLB column. Separation of the biomarkers was performed by reversed-phase chromatography using a multi-step linear methanol–water gradient containing 0.5% acetic acid as mobile phase. Detection and quantification of the biomarkers were performed by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS/MS). The clean-up conditions were optimised to obtain maximum analyte recovery and high sensitivity. Recovery from spiked samples was performed at four levels in the range 0.03–12 ng mL−1, using matrix-matched calibration curves for quantification. Mean recoveries of the biomarkers tested ranged from 62 to 96% with relative standard deviations of 3–20%. Enzymatic digestion with β-glucuronidase/sulfatase resulted in increased concentrations of the biomarkers, in both human and pig urine, in most samples containing measurable concentrations of DON, DOM-1, OTA, α-ZOL, or β-ZOL. A highly variable increase was observed between individuals. Co-occurrence of OTA and DON in human urine is reported herein for the first time.
-
Simultaneous LC–MS/MS determination of aflatoxin M_1, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, de-epoxydeoxynivalenol, α and β-Zearalenols and fumonisin B_1 in urine as a multi-biomarker method to assess exposure to mycotoxins
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Michele Solfrizzo, Lucia Gambacorta, Veronica M T Lattanzio, Stephen Powers, Angelo ViscontiAbstract:Humans and animals can be simultaneously exposed through the diet to different mycotoxins, including aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and fumonisins, which are the most important. Evaluation of the frequency and levels of human and animal exposure to these mycotoxins can be performed by measuring the levels of the relevant biomarkers in urine. Available data on the toxicokinetics of these mycotoxins in animals suggest that aflatoxin M_1 (AFM_1), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON)/de-epoxydeoxynivalenol (DOM-1), alpha-Zearalenol (α-ZOL)/Beta-Zearalenol (β-ZOL), and fumonisin B_1 (FB_1) can be used as urinary biomarkers. A liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric method has been developed for simultaneous determination of these mycotoxin biomarkers in human or animal urine. Urine samples were purified and concentrated by a double cleanup approach, using a multitoxin immunoaffinity column and a reversed-phase SPE Oasis HLB column. Separation of the biomarkers was performed by reversed-phase chromatography using a multi-step linear methanol–water gradient containing 0.5% acetic acid as mobile phase. Detection and quantification of the biomarkers were performed by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS/MS). The clean-up conditions were optimised to obtain maximum analyte recovery and high sensitivity. Recovery from spiked samples was performed at four levels in the range 0.03–12 ng mL^−1, using matrix-matched calibration curves for quantification. Mean recoveries of the biomarkers tested ranged from 62 to 96% with relative standard deviations of 3–20%. Enzymatic digestion with β-glucuronidase/sulfatase resulted in increased concentrations of the biomarkers, in both human and pig urine, in most samples containing measurable concentrations of DON, DOM-1, OTA, α-ZOL, or β-ZOL. A highly variable increase was observed between individuals. Co-occurrence of OTA and DON in human urine is reported herein for the first time.
-
influence of mycotoxin zearalenone and its derivatives alpha and Beta Zearalenol on apoptosis and proliferation of cultured granulosa cells from equine ovaries
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2006Co-Authors: Fiorenza Minervini, P Minoia, Alessandra Giannoccaro, Francesca Fornelli, Maria Elena Dellaquila, Angelo ViscontiAbstract:Background The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) and its derivatives, alpha and Beta-Zearalenol (alpha and Beta-ZOL), synthesized by genera Fusarium, often occur as contaminants in cereal grains and animal feeds. The importance of ZEA on reproductive disorders is well known in domestic animals species, particularly in swine and cattle. In the horse, limited data are available to date on the influence of dietary exposure to ZEA on reproductive health and on its in vitro effects on reproductive cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ZEA and its derivatives, alpha and Beta-ZOL, on granulosa cells (GCs) from the ovaries of cycling mares.
-
Influence of mycotoxin zearalenone and its derivatives (alpha and Beta Zearalenol) on apoptosis and proliferation of cultured granulosa cells from equine ovaries
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 2006Co-Authors: Fiorenza Minervini, Maria Elena Dell'aquila, P Minoia, Alessandra Giannoccaro, Francesca Fornelli, Angelo ViscontiAbstract:Background The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) and its derivatives, alpha and Beta-Zearalenol (alpha and Beta-ZOL), synthesized by genera Fusarium, often occur as contaminants in cereal grains and animal feeds. The importance of ZEA on reproductive disorders is well known in domestic animals species, particularly in swine and cattle. In the horse, limited data are available to date on the influence of dietary exposure to ZEA on reproductive health and on its in vitro effects on reproductive cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of ZEA and its derivatives, alpha and Beta-ZOL, on granulosa cells (GCs) from the ovaries of cycling mares. Methods The cell proliferation was evaluated by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test after 3 days exposure at different concentrations of ZEA and its derivatives (from 1 × 10-7 to 0.1 microM). The apoptosis induction was evaluated after 1 day exposure, by DNA analysis using flow cytometry. Results An increase in cell proliferation with respect to the control was observed in the presence of ZEA at 1 × 10-3 and 1 × 10-4 microM and apoptosis was induced by all mycotoxins at different concentrations. Conclusion The simultaneous presence of apoptosis and proliferation in GC cultures treated with zearalenones could indicate that these mycotoxins could be effective in inducing follicular atresia. These effects of zearalenones may result from both direct interaction with oestrogen-receptors as well as interaction with the enzymes 3alpha (Beta)-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD), involved in the synthesis and metabolism of endogenous steroid hormones. These cellular disturbances, described for the first time in equine GCs cultured in vitro, could be hypothesized as referred to reproductive failures of unknown ethiology in the mare.
De Saeger Sarah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Effect of ensiling duration on the fate of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and their derivatives in maize silage
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2020Co-Authors: Jensen Tolke, De Boevre Marthe, De Saeger Sarah, Preusske Nils, Soennichsen, Frank D, Kramer Ewald, Klink Holger, Verreet Joseph-alexander, Birr TimAbstract:Fusarium mycotoxins and their derivatives are frequently detected in freshly harvested forage maize. This study assessed the time course effects during ensiling of forage maize on the fate of Fusarium mycotoxins, using laboratory-scale silos and artificially contaminated raw material. A multi-mycotoxin liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method was used to determine the levels of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and their derivatives DON-3-glucoside, 3-acetyl-DON, 15-acetyl-DON, deepoxy-DON, alpha-Zearalenol and Beta-Zearalenol. A significant increase of DON was observed during ensiling, whereas the levels of DON-3-glucoside and its acetylated forms proportionally decreased. In contrast, levels of ZEN, alpha-Zearalenol and Beta-Zearalenol were not affected by the ensiling process. Based on these findings, ensiling is not a practical method for reducing the total amount of Fusarium mycotoxins present at harvest
-
Fate of Fusarium mycotoxins during processing of Nigerian traditional infant foods (ogi and soybean powder)
'Elsevier BV', 2019Co-Authors: Chilaka Cynthia, De Boevre Marthe, Atanda, Olusegun Oladimeji, De Saeger SarahAbstract:The influence of processing methods used to produce traditional Nigerian infant foods (ogi and processed soybean powder) on four European Union regulated Fusarium mycotoxins using naturally and artificially contaminated raw materials was studied using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Generally, there was a significant reduction of all the mycotoxins when compared to the initial concentration of the raw materials. Reduction in concentrations of the mycotoxins during ogi-processing started immediately after 36 h' steeping/fermentation for all the mycotoxins (fumonisin B-1, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin), and proceeded along the process chain (milling and sieving). In addition, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (16 +/- 3.2 mu g/kg) and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (9 +/- 5.5 mu g/kg) initially absent in the raw maize were detected in the final ogi product. Beta-Zearalenol, hydrolysed fumonisin B-1, and HT-2 toxin were also detected at varying concentrations. Regarding soybean processing, a similar trend was observed with fumonisin B-1, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and T-2 toxin, irrespective of the method used or the initial concentration. Other mycotoxins detected in soybean product include 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol, alpha-Zearalenol, Beta-Zearalenol, and zearalenone-14-glucoside. Although there was a reduction in the concentration of the free mycotoxin because of processing, other mycotoxins were detected in the products and thus, may present an additional health risk on consumers
-
Stability of fumonisin B-1, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and T-2 toxin during processing of traditional Nigerian beer and spices
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2018Co-Authors: Chilaka Cynthia, De Boevre Marthe, Atanda, Olusegun Oladimeji, De Saeger SarahAbstract:The stability of the Fusarium mycotoxins fumonisin B-1, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone during processing of Nigerian traditional spices (dawadawa, okpehe, and ogiri) and beer (burukutu) using artificially contaminated raw materials was investigated. Results revealed the reduction of these toxins in all the final products. Boiling played a significant role (p < 0.05) in Fusarium mycotoxin reduction in the traditional spices. The highest percentage reduction of deoxynivalenol (76%) and zearalenone (74%) was observed during okpehe processing (boiled for 12h). Dehulling and fermentation further demonstrated a positive influence on the reduction of these toxins with a total reduction ranging from 85 to 98% for dawadawa, 86 to 100% for okpehe, and 57 to 81% for ogiri. This trend was also observed during the production of traditional beer (burukutu), with malting and brewing playing a major impact in observed reduction. In addition, other metabolites including deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, alpha-Zearalenol, and Beta-Zearalenol which were initially not present in the raw sorghum were detected in the final beer product at the following concentrations 26 +/- 11, 16 +/- 7.7, 22 +/- 18, and 31 +/- 16 mu g/kg, respectively. HT-2 toxin was also detected at a concentration of 36 +/- 13 mu g/kg along the processing chain (milled malted fraction) of the traditional beer. For the traditional spices, HT-2 toxin was detected (12 mu g/kg) in ogiri. Although there was a reduction of mycotoxins during processing, appreciable concentrations of these toxins were still detected in the final products. Thus, the use of good quality raw materials significantly reduces mycotoxin contamination in final products
-
Ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography as a separation tool for Fusarium mycotoxins and their modified forms
'The Journal of AOAC International', 2018Co-Authors: De Boevre Marthe, Van Poucke Christof, Njumbe Ediage Emmanuel, Vanderputten Dana, Van Landschoot Anita, De Saeger SarahAbstract:A simple, reliable method for the detection of free and modified Fusarium mycotoxins in beer using state-of-the-art ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC) with low-resolution tandem MS (MS/MS) is presented in this paper. The UHPSFC-MS/MS method was developed for nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3glucoside, HT-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, T-2 toxin-3glucoside, neosolaniol, diacetoxyscirpenol, zearalenone, a-Zearalenol, and Beta-Zearalenol and their internal standards deepoxy-deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. Due to the broad range of the physicochemical properties of the aforementioned, the sample preparation step was minimized to avoid analyte losses. Extraction with acetonitrile water acetic acid (79 + 20 + 1, v/v/v) and hexane in combination with solid-phase extraction (C18) was followed by a filtration step. After filtration, the extract was evaporated, and the remaining residue was redissolved in a mobile phase for injection (methanol water; 90 + 10, v/v). A mobile phase consisting of supercritical CO2 and a small portion of methanol was used. The developed multimycotoxin method permits the simultaneous determination of multiple fusariotoxins in an one-step chromatographic run using UHPSFC-MS/MS. SFC is a promising strategy; however, the retention mechanism is complex, leading to the unpredictable nature of elution and to some mycotoxins not being retained on the column. This restricts the applicability of UHPSFC in multimycotoxin analyses. The present study is the first report on the use of UHPSFC for the analysis of free and modified Fusarium mycotoxins
-
Occurrence and within field variability of Fusarium mycotoxins and their masked forms in maize crops in Belgium
'Wageningen Academic Publishers', 2014Co-Authors: De Boevre Marthe, Landschoot Sofie, Audenaert Kris, Maene Peter, Diana Di Mavungu, José, Eeckhout Mia, Haesaert Geert, De Saeger SarahAbstract:Maize ear rot caused by several Fusarium species is an important fungal disease. Apart from yield losses, ear rot fungi can produce mycotoxins and masked forms in infected grains. Masked mycotoxins have received increased attention in view of their bioavailability and potential toxicity in animals and humans, but their presence and relevance in the field still remain undisclosed. To get a better insight, the present study assessed the presence of various Fusarium parent and masked mycotoxins, i.e. deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, zearalenone, alpha-Zearalenol, Beta-Zearalenol, zearalenone-14-glucoside, zearalenone-14-sulfate, alpha-Zearalenol-14-glucoside, Beta-Zearalenol-14-glucoside, T-2 and HT-2 toxin, in various commercial maize varieties grown under natural infection conditions in Flanders, Belgium. The results showed that the maize varieties were co-contaminated with both parent and masked mycotoxins. Moreover, a positive correlation between these forms was established. A higher contamination with a particular mycotoxin appeared to be coupled with an elevated load of another (masked) mycotoxin. The results highlight the importance to screen for multiple mycotoxins, both parent and masked, to guarantee food and feed safety. Furthermore, analysis was carried out to elucidate the distribution of the various mycotoxins in the field. The maize variety did not significantly influence mycotoxin accumulation, except for deoxynivalenol. Subdivisions in the field with higher mycotoxin levels for deoxynivalenol and its derivatives, zearalenone and its derivatives, and the sum of T-2 and HT-2 toxin were observed