The Experts below are selected from a list of 234222 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter W. Zandstra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stem cell Bioengineering: building from stem cell biology.
Nature Reviews Genetics, 2018Co-Authors: Mukul Tewary, Nika Shakiba, Peter W. ZandstraAbstract:New fundamental discoveries in stem cell biology have yielded potentially transformative regenerative therapeutics. However, widespread implementation of stem-cell-derived therapeutics remains sporadic. Barriers that impede the development of these therapeutics can be linked to our incomplete understanding of how the regulatory networks that encode stem cell fate govern the development of the complex tissues and organs that are ultimately required for restorative function. Bioengineering tools, strategies and design principles represent core components of the stem cell Bioengineering toolbox. Applied to the different layers of complexity present in stem-cell-derived systems — from gene regulatory networks in single stem cells to the systemic interactions of stem-cell-derived organs and tissues — stem cell Bioengineering can address existing challenges and advance regenerative medicine and cellular therapies.
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stem cell Bioengineering
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 2001Co-Authors: Peter W. Zandstra, Andras NagyAbstract:▪ Abstract Tissue engineering and cellular therapies, either on their own or in combination with therapeutic gene delivery, have the potential to significantly impact medicine. Implementation of te...
A. Evette - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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First analysis of a large panel of restoration operations on riverbanks with soil Bioengineering techniques in France
2019Co-Authors: D. Jaymond, A. Evette, V Breton, C. Guilloteau, F. Bray, A. Torre, S. De DanieliAbstract:Streambanks form edges between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Natural riparian habitats are known for their great biodiversity, which is extremely high compared to their relative area. However, human constructions are often built close to the water. Streambank protection works with Bioengineering techniques can be a compromise both for protecting human issues and preserving riparian biodiversity. However we don't know precisely what technique can be used in which conditions and this lack of knowledge and experience feedback is one of the main obstacles to Bioengineering techniques development. The present study aimed to assess the influence of some hydromorphological variables on the choice of the different bank-toe technique and if the riprap is restricted to the harsher conditions. The variables considered here are the stream width, slope and the location of the work in the meander. BDGeniVeg is a database with soil Bioengineering works and their characteristics in France. The inventory of works consists of bibliography and field work. Information is gathered in six groups: the work itself (e.g. location, streambank features), the stream (section in front of the Bioengineering work), the soil Bioengineering techniques, the origin of the data (institute, project), the plant species and field trip information (current condition of the techniques). Our sample represented 267 works in France. We studied 5 techniques: fascine, wattle fence, comb, cribwall and riprap. We showed that riprap were used in harder conditions (steeper, wider stream) than the others techniques. Cribwalls were used on steeper streams in contrast to combs.
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Mechanical resistance limits of soil Bioengineering works for riverbank protection
2018Co-Authors: A. Evette, A. Recking, Guillaume Piton, H.p. Rauch, P.a. Frossard, D. JaymondAbstract:Soil Bioengineering techniques for riverbank protection are nature based solutions that have to fulfil most of the ecological functions of a natural riverbank, and they have also to achieve a sustainable erosion control function. Nevertheless, there are very few existing sizing methods, ant this lack is the main stand in the way of developing Bioengineering techniques. Empirical experiences on mechanical resistance were recorded on works having resisted to flood during decades at the Alpine scale. We classified 18 soil Bioengineering techniques according stream slope, shear stress for D84 and age since completion. Five experimental works were built in their limits of utilization, with river gradients from 4 to 10 % and high bedload transport. The shear stress resistance values of riverbank Bioengineering works in the literature were then recorded. We compared these last values with 51 new shear stress values calculated for the maximum flood encountered by different riverbank works, including the experimental works. These results enable to refine the mechanical resistance thresholds of Bioengineering techniques for riverbank protection. The increasing of the sites to be sampled for empirical experiences might give more precise value and knowledge about mechanical resistance, and reasons for failures. Further researches including flume experiment would enlighten some of the hydraulic processes responsible of the failures.
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Innovation and Challenges for Soil Bioengineering in a Changing World
2018Co-Authors: A. Evette, A. Recking, Renaud Jaunatre, Françoise Dommanget, V Breton, P Janssen, P Cavaillé, C Lavaine, S LebloisAbstract:Riverbanks are assuming a large number of important ecological functions: biodiversity support, resistance to invasion, ecological corridors, biomass production, water purification, temperature regulation, flood control, and recreation. Besides hard engineering, soil Bioengineering techniques for riverbank protection are very old nature based solutions and have been used for centuries throughout the world. First thought of mimicking nature to fulfil the function of erosion control, soil Bioengineering techniques are now also formed to assume some of the other important ecological functions of riverbanks. Using mostly concepts and tools from restoration and functional ecology (but also from engineering and hydraulic), we conducted a set of studies and experiments (in greenhouse and on real works) that aimed at characterising and maximising the contribution of riverbank Bioengineering techniques to some of these ecological functions, including biodiversity support, resistance to invasion, resistance to drought and erosion control. We assessed the capability of several types of managed and mineral riverbank to support both common (terrestrial plants and beetles, macrobenthic communities) and endangered biodiversity (Myricaria germanica and Typha minima). Regarding resistance to invasion, we studied the potential of Bioengineering techniques to resist to the pressure of an invasive rodent (Myocastor coypu), and to outcompete Japanese knotweeds. Summer drought should increase with climate change, and is a major threat for Bioengineering success; we then studied the resistance of Salicaceae and Tamaricaceae populations to harsh drought. Finally we worked to maximize erosion control function of these techniques by implementing Bioengineering works in steep slope rivers (5-10%), and by assessing past shear stress resistance to flood. Our results show that soil Bioengineering techniques can be definitely thought as a nature based solution for assuming both erosion control and main ecological functions of riverbanks, and are thus promising in the achievement of these complex human goals in a context of global change.
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Highlighting scouring threat on Bioengineering riverbank protections
2018Co-Authors: A. Recking, A. Evette, Guillaume Piton, M.a. Perez Carazo, S. Posi, L. MontabonnetAbstract:Soil Bioengineering techniques for riverbank protection are Nature-based solutions that may fulfil most of natural riverbank ecological functions, and achieve a sustainable erosion control function. Despite their great potential, grey solutions as riprap and concrete structures are still often preferred by engineers. We suspect that the low number of existing design criteria and poor understanding of failure modes are the main barriers in the way of mainstreaming Bioengineering techniques. The failure risk of Bioengineering bank protections is so far stimated by a single criterion based on a mean shear stress resistance. Recent works proved that higher hydraulic constraints were correlated to higher failure risk but that scattering remained high. In addition to natural variability due to the living material involved, a possible explanation of this scattering is that another process sometime triggered the failure. This process could be the scouring of protection that would also occur under high hydraulics constraints, but that would be only partially described by a proxy of mean bed shear stress. A comprehensive study of failure modes of Bioengineering bank protection have been performed based on empirical knowledge and field surveys. It highlighted that, in addition to the classical shear stress, scouring is a key failure mode of Bioengineering bank protection. Small scale modellings of fascines were performed to highlight it. This contribution will present preliminary results of small scale modelling of living fascine scouring failures and protections.
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Highlighting scouring threat on Bioengineering riverbank protections
2018Co-Authors: A. Recking, A. Evette, Guillaume Piton, M.a. Perez Carazo, S. Posi, L. MontabonnetAbstract:Soil Bioengineering techniques for riverbank protection are Nature-based solutions that may fulfil most of natural riverbank ecological functions, and achieve a sustainable erosion control function. Despite their great potential, grey solutions as riprap and concrete structures are still often preferred by engineers. We suspect that the low number of existing design criteria and poor understanding of failure modes are the main barriers in the way of mainstreaming Bioengineering techniques. The failure risk of Bioengineering bank protections is so far estimated by a single criterion based on a mean shear stress resistance. Recent works proved that higher hydraulic constraints were correlated to higher failure risk but that scattering remained high. In addition to natural variability due to the living material involved, a possible explanation of this scattering is that another process sometime triggered the failure. This process could be the scouring of protection that would also occur under high hydraulics constraints, but that would be only partially described by a proxy of mean bed shear stress. A comprehensive study of failure modes of Bioengineering bank protection have been performed based on empirical knowledge and field surveys. It highlighted that, in addition to the classical shear stress, scouring is a key failure mode of Bioengineering bank protection. Small scale modellings of fascines were performed to highlight it. This contribution will present preliminary results of small scale modelling of living fascine scouring failures and protections.
Florin Florineth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soil and water Bioengineering practice and research needs for reconciling natural hazard control and ecological restoration
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: C Bifulco, Florin Florineth, G B Bischetti, F Bourrier, G De Cesare, Franz Graf, Michael Marden, Slobodan B Mickovski, Chris Phillips, K PekloAbstract:Abstract Soil and water Bioengineering is a technology that encourages scientists and practitioners to combine their knowledge and skills in the management of ecosystems with a common goal to maximize benefits to both man and the natural environment. It involves techniques that use plants as living building materials, for: (i) natural hazard control (e.g., soil erosion, torrential floods and landslides) and (ii) ecological restoration or nature-based re-introduction of species on degraded lands, river embankments, and disturbed environments. For a Bioengineering project to be successful, engineers are required to highlight all the potential benefits and ecosystem services by documenting the technical, ecological, economic and social values. The novel approaches used by bioengineers raise questions for researchers and necessitate innovation from practitioners to design Bioengineering concepts and techniques. Our objective in this paper, therefore, is to highlight the practice and research needs in soil and water Bioengineering for reconciling natural hazard control and ecological restoration. Firstly, we review the definition and development of Bioengineering technology, while stressing issues concerning the design, implementation, and monitoring of Bioengineering actions. Secondly, we highlight the need to reconcile natural hazard control and ecological restoration by posing novel practice and research questions.
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On the Origin of Soil Bioengineering
Landscape Research, 2012Co-Authors: Gian Battista Bischetti, Mario Di Fi Dio, Florin FlorinethAbstract:AbstractSoil Bioengineering is a discipline dealing with hill slopes, riverbanks, and earth embankment stabilisation, which in recent decades has gained worldwide popularity. Its peculiarity consists in the technical use of vegetation, sometimes coupled with other materials. Owing to aesthetic and environment-friendly characteristics of vegetation, soil Bioengineering techniques are frequently adopted to achieve a low environmental impact of protective works within the fields of landscape architecture and environmental restoration. In spite of such success, the origin and the contents of soil Bioengineering have not been completely investigated. This paper shows that soil Bioengineering is not as old as most of the researchers think; rather, it was developed in a very specific context, the building of highways during the Nazi dictatorship, although it is the result of a longer process. The paper also shows that the contents of soil Bioengineering are not related to the mere use of vegetation for stabilisi...
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The impact of dense willow stands (Salix purpurea L.) on the hydrology and soil stability of heavily compacted soils
2010Co-Authors: Walter Lammeranner, Michael Obriejetan, Florin FlorinethAbstract:Willows are often used in soil Bioengineering techniques for stabilizing heavily compacted soils (e.g. embankments, landfills, levees etc.). Beyond reinforcing and anchoring effects by their root matrix, plants enhance soil stability by decreasing pore-water pressure due to evapotranspiration. In the common praxis of soil Bioengineering, it is taken for granted that willow stands have higher evapotranspiration rates than grass-herb (turf) vegetation. But the positive effect of dense willow stands on pore water pressure from the soil Bioengineering point of view is insufficiently studied and therefore difficult to quantify. Hence, the study investigates the effect of willow stands on evapotranspiration and seepage compared to grass-herb vegetation using a lysimeter-like setup.
Eleni Kousvelari - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Future opportunities for Bioengineering research at the National Institutes of Health.
Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 1999Co-Authors: Harold C. Slavkin, James S. Panagis, Eleni KousvelariAbstract:Bioengineering integrates physical, chemical, and mathematical sciences with engineering principles for the study of biology, medicine, dentistry, behavior, or health. It advances fundamental concepts, translates knowledge from molecular to organ system levels of understanding, and designs and fabricates innovative biologics, biomaterials, processes, medical and dental implants, devices, and bioinformatics for health promotion, disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and therapeutics to improve the health of all people. The National Institutes of Health in recent years has made numerous decisions to coordinate Bioengineering activities across the various institutes and centers comprising the National Institutes of Health to increase efforts to support research and research training in Bioengineering. This paper will focus on innovations from 1995 to the present that have catalyzed increased activities and opportunities in Bioengineering across the National Institutes of Health and will highlight current activities related to tissue engineering at the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases.
A. Recking - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mechanical resistance limits of soil Bioengineering works for riverbank protection
2018Co-Authors: A. Evette, A. Recking, Guillaume Piton, H.p. Rauch, P.a. Frossard, D. JaymondAbstract:Soil Bioengineering techniques for riverbank protection are nature based solutions that have to fulfil most of the ecological functions of a natural riverbank, and they have also to achieve a sustainable erosion control function. Nevertheless, there are very few existing sizing methods, ant this lack is the main stand in the way of developing Bioengineering techniques. Empirical experiences on mechanical resistance were recorded on works having resisted to flood during decades at the Alpine scale. We classified 18 soil Bioengineering techniques according stream slope, shear stress for D84 and age since completion. Five experimental works were built in their limits of utilization, with river gradients from 4 to 10 % and high bedload transport. The shear stress resistance values of riverbank Bioengineering works in the literature were then recorded. We compared these last values with 51 new shear stress values calculated for the maximum flood encountered by different riverbank works, including the experimental works. These results enable to refine the mechanical resistance thresholds of Bioengineering techniques for riverbank protection. The increasing of the sites to be sampled for empirical experiences might give more precise value and knowledge about mechanical resistance, and reasons for failures. Further researches including flume experiment would enlighten some of the hydraulic processes responsible of the failures.
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Innovation and Challenges for Soil Bioengineering in a Changing World
2018Co-Authors: A. Evette, A. Recking, Renaud Jaunatre, Françoise Dommanget, V Breton, P Janssen, P Cavaillé, C Lavaine, S LebloisAbstract:Riverbanks are assuming a large number of important ecological functions: biodiversity support, resistance to invasion, ecological corridors, biomass production, water purification, temperature regulation, flood control, and recreation. Besides hard engineering, soil Bioengineering techniques for riverbank protection are very old nature based solutions and have been used for centuries throughout the world. First thought of mimicking nature to fulfil the function of erosion control, soil Bioengineering techniques are now also formed to assume some of the other important ecological functions of riverbanks. Using mostly concepts and tools from restoration and functional ecology (but also from engineering and hydraulic), we conducted a set of studies and experiments (in greenhouse and on real works) that aimed at characterising and maximising the contribution of riverbank Bioengineering techniques to some of these ecological functions, including biodiversity support, resistance to invasion, resistance to drought and erosion control. We assessed the capability of several types of managed and mineral riverbank to support both common (terrestrial plants and beetles, macrobenthic communities) and endangered biodiversity (Myricaria germanica and Typha minima). Regarding resistance to invasion, we studied the potential of Bioengineering techniques to resist to the pressure of an invasive rodent (Myocastor coypu), and to outcompete Japanese knotweeds. Summer drought should increase with climate change, and is a major threat for Bioengineering success; we then studied the resistance of Salicaceae and Tamaricaceae populations to harsh drought. Finally we worked to maximize erosion control function of these techniques by implementing Bioengineering works in steep slope rivers (5-10%), and by assessing past shear stress resistance to flood. Our results show that soil Bioengineering techniques can be definitely thought as a nature based solution for assuming both erosion control and main ecological functions of riverbanks, and are thus promising in the achievement of these complex human goals in a context of global change.
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Highlighting scouring threat on Bioengineering riverbank protections
2018Co-Authors: A. Recking, A. Evette, Guillaume Piton, M.a. Perez Carazo, S. Posi, L. MontabonnetAbstract:Soil Bioengineering techniques for riverbank protection are Nature-based solutions that may fulfil most of natural riverbank ecological functions, and achieve a sustainable erosion control function. Despite their great potential, grey solutions as riprap and concrete structures are still often preferred by engineers. We suspect that the low number of existing design criteria and poor understanding of failure modes are the main barriers in the way of mainstreaming Bioengineering techniques. The failure risk of Bioengineering bank protections is so far stimated by a single criterion based on a mean shear stress resistance. Recent works proved that higher hydraulic constraints were correlated to higher failure risk but that scattering remained high. In addition to natural variability due to the living material involved, a possible explanation of this scattering is that another process sometime triggered the failure. This process could be the scouring of protection that would also occur under high hydraulics constraints, but that would be only partially described by a proxy of mean bed shear stress. A comprehensive study of failure modes of Bioengineering bank protection have been performed based on empirical knowledge and field surveys. It highlighted that, in addition to the classical shear stress, scouring is a key failure mode of Bioengineering bank protection. Small scale modellings of fascines were performed to highlight it. This contribution will present preliminary results of small scale modelling of living fascine scouring failures and protections.
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Highlighting scouring threat on Bioengineering riverbank protections
2018Co-Authors: A. Recking, A. Evette, Guillaume Piton, M.a. Perez Carazo, S. Posi, L. MontabonnetAbstract:Soil Bioengineering techniques for riverbank protection are Nature-based solutions that may fulfil most of natural riverbank ecological functions, and achieve a sustainable erosion control function. Despite their great potential, grey solutions as riprap and concrete structures are still often preferred by engineers. We suspect that the low number of existing design criteria and poor understanding of failure modes are the main barriers in the way of mainstreaming Bioengineering techniques. The failure risk of Bioengineering bank protections is so far estimated by a single criterion based on a mean shear stress resistance. Recent works proved that higher hydraulic constraints were correlated to higher failure risk but that scattering remained high. In addition to natural variability due to the living material involved, a possible explanation of this scattering is that another process sometime triggered the failure. This process could be the scouring of protection that would also occur under high hydraulics constraints, but that would be only partially described by a proxy of mean bed shear stress. A comprehensive study of failure modes of Bioengineering bank protection have been performed based on empirical knowledge and field surveys. It highlighted that, in addition to the classical shear stress, scouring is a key failure mode of Bioengineering bank protection. Small scale modellings of fascines were performed to highlight it. This contribution will present preliminary results of small scale modelling of living fascine scouring failures and protections.
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Soil Bioengineering: trade-off between erosion control and other ecological functions of the riverbanks
2016Co-Authors: A. Evette, Renaud Jaunatre, Françoise Dommanget, V Breton, P Cavaillé, C Lavaine, S Leblois, N. Daumergue, G. Favier, A. ReckingAbstract:Riverbanks are assuming a large number of important ecological functions: biodiversity support, resistance to invasion, ecological corridors, biomass production, water purification, temperature regulation, flood control, and recreation. Besides hard engineering, soil Bioengineering techniques for riverbank protection are very old and have been used for centuries throughout the world. First thought of to fulfil the function of erosion control, soil Bioengineering techniques are now also formed to assume some of the other important ecological functions of riverbanks. Using mostly concepts and tools from restoration and functional ecology (but also from engineering and hydraulic), we conducted a set of studies and experiments (in greenhouse and on real works) that aimed at characterising and maximising the contribution of riverbank Bioengineering techniques to some of these ecological functions, including biodiversity support, resistance to invasion, resistance to drought and erosion control. We assessed the capability of several types of managed and mineral riverbank to support both common (terrestrial plants and beetles, macrobenthic communities) and endangered biodiversity (Myricaria germanica and Typha minima). Regarding resistance to invasion, we studied the potential of Bioengineering techniques to resist to the pressure of an invasive rodent (Myocastor coypu), and to outcompete Japanese knotweeds. Summer drought should increase with climate change, and is a major threat for Bioengineering success; we then studied the resistance of Salicaceae and Tamaricaceae populations to harsh drought. Finally we worked to maximize erosion control function of these techniques by implementing Bioengineering works in steep slope rivers (5-10%), and by assessing past shear stress resistance to flood. Our results show that soil Bioengineering techniques can be definitely thought as a tool for ecological restoration, and are promising in the achievement of complex human goals on riverbanks in a context of global change.