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Birgit Oidtmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • review of Biological Factors relevant to import risk assessments for epizootic ulcerative syndrome aphanomyces invadans
    Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2012
    Co-Authors: Birgit Oidtmann
    Abstract:

    Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) is a disease affecting both wild and farmed fish in freshwater and estuarine environments. After it was first described in Japan in 1971, the disease has spread widely across Asia and to some regions of Australia, North America and Africa. In Asia and Africa, the spread of the disease has substantially affected livelihoods of fish farmers and fishermen. No reports are yet published showing the presence of the disease in Europe or South America. Given its epizootic nature and its broad susceptible fish species range, it would appear that the disease has the potential for further spread. This study provides a review of the scientific literature on several Biological Factors of the pathogen, Aphanomyces invadans, associated with the disease EUS and aspects of the disease that are relevant to undertaking import risk assessments (IRA) covering (i) Life cycle and routes of transmission; (ii) Minimum infectious dose; (iii) Tissue localization and pathogen load; (iv) Predisposing Factors for infection and Factors influencing expression of disease; (v) Carrier state in fish; (vi) Diagnostic methods; (vii) Survival in the environment; (viii) Permissive temperature range; (ix) Stability of the agent in aquatic animal products; (x) Prevalence of infection; and (xi) Affected life stages. Much of the Biological information presented is relevant to a broad range of risk questions. Areas where data are lacking were identified, and the information provided is put into context with other aspects that need to be addressed in an IRA.

  • review of Biological Factors relevant to import risk assessments for epizootic ulcerative syndrome aphanomyces invadans
    Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2012
    Co-Authors: Birgit Oidtmann
    Abstract:

    Epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) is a disease affecting both wild and farmed fish in freshwater and estuarine environments. After it was first described in Japan in 1971, the disease has spread widely across Asia and to some regions of Australia, North America and Africa. In Asia and Africa, the spread of the disease has substantially affected livelihoods of fish farmers and fishermen. No reports are yet published showing the presence of the disease in Europe or South America. Given its epizootic nature and its broad susceptible fish species range, it would appear that the disease has the potential for further spread. This study provides a review of the scientific literature on several Biological Factors of the pathogen, Aphanomyces invadans, associated with the disease EUS and aspects of the disease that are relevant to undertaking import risk assessments (IRA) covering (i) Life cycle and routes of transmission; (ii) Minimum infectious dose; (iii) Tissue localization and pathogen load; (iv) Predisposing Factors for infection and Factors influencing expression of disease; (v) Carrier state in fish; (vi) Diagnostic methods; (vii) Survival in the environment; (viii) Permissive temperature range; (ix) Stability of the agent in aquatic animal products; (x) Prevalence of infection; and (xi) Affected life stages. Much of the Biological information presented is relevant to a broad range of risk questions. Areas where data are lacking were identified, and the information provided is put into context with other aspects that need to be addressed in an IRA.

Rupert Kaul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Biological Factors that may contribute to regional and racial disparities in hiv prevalence
    American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Rupert Kaul, Craig R Cohen, Duncan Chege, Tae J Yi, Wangari Tharao, Lyle R Mckinnon, Robert S Remis, Omu Anzala
    Abstract:

    Citation Kaul R, Cohen CR, Chege D, Yi TJ, Tharao W, McKinnon LR, Remis R, Anzala O, Kimani J. Biological Factors that may contribute to regional and racial disparities in HIV prevalence. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 65: 317–324 Despite tremendous regional and subregional disparities in HIV prevalence around the world, epidemiology consistently demonstrates that black communities have been disproportionately affected by the pandemic. There are many reasons for this, and a narrow focus on socio-behavioural causes may be seen as laying blame on affected communities or individuals. HIV sexual transmission is very inefficient, and a number of Biological Factors are critical in determining whether an unprotected sexual exposure to HIV results in productive infection. This review will focus on ways in which biology, rather than behaviour, may contribute to regional and racial differences in HIV epidemic spread. Specific areas of focus are viral Factors, host genetics, and the impact of co-infections and host immunology. Considering Biological causes for these racial disparities may help to destigmatize the issue and lead to new and more effective strategies for prevention.

Andrea Gemma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • patient specific bioinks for 3d bioprinting of tissue engineering scaffolds
    Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2018
    Co-Authors: Negar Faramarzi, Iman K Yazdi, Mahboubeh Nabavinia, Andrea Gemma
    Abstract:

    Bioprinting has emerged as a promising tool in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Various three dimensional (3D) printing strategies have been developed to enable bioprinting of various biopolymers and hydrogels. However, the incorporation of Biological Factors has not been well explored. As the importance of personalized medicine is becoming more clear, the need for the development of bioinks containing autologous/patient-specific Biological Factors for tissue engineering applications becomes more evident. We used platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a patient-specific rich source of autologous growth Factors that can be easily incorporated to hydrogels and printed into 3D constructs. PRP contains a cocktail of growth Factors enhancing angiogenesis, stem cell recruitment and tissue regeneration. Here, we report the development of an alginate-based bioink that can be printed and crosslinked upon implantation through exposure to native calcium ions. This platform can be used for the controlled release of PRP-associated growth Factors which may ultimately enhance vascularization and stem cell migration.

Negar Faramarzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • patient specific bioinks for 3d bioprinting of tissue engineering scaffolds
    Advanced Healthcare Materials, 2018
    Co-Authors: Negar Faramarzi, Iman K Yazdi, Mahboubeh Nabavinia, Andrea Gemma
    Abstract:

    Bioprinting has emerged as a promising tool in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Various three dimensional (3D) printing strategies have been developed to enable bioprinting of various biopolymers and hydrogels. However, the incorporation of Biological Factors has not been well explored. As the importance of personalized medicine is becoming more clear, the need for the development of bioinks containing autologous/patient-specific Biological Factors for tissue engineering applications becomes more evident. We used platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a patient-specific rich source of autologous growth Factors that can be easily incorporated to hydrogels and printed into 3D constructs. PRP contains a cocktail of growth Factors enhancing angiogenesis, stem cell recruitment and tissue regeneration. Here, we report the development of an alginate-based bioink that can be printed and crosslinked upon implantation through exposure to native calcium ions. This platform can be used for the controlled release of PRP-associated growth Factors which may ultimately enhance vascularization and stem cell migration.

James M Shikany - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • abstract mp080 contributions of social behavioral and Biological Factors to racial disparities in incident obesity the coronary artery risk development in young adults cardia study
    Circulation, 2017
    Co-Authors: Kiarri N Kershaw, Gareth R Dutton, David C Goff, Penny Gordonlarsen, David R Jacobs, Catarina I Kiefe, Cora E Lewis, Donald M Lloydjones, Hongyan Ning, James M Shikany
    Abstract:

    Background: A combination of social, behavioral, and Biological Factors are hypothesized to account in large part for racial disparities in obesity, but few studies have shown this empirically. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the extent to which these Factors accounted for racial differences in the development of obesity in men and women over a 30-year period (mean follow-up 21.7 years). Methods: This study includes the 1,617 Black (743 men and 874 women) and 1,950 White (928 men and 1,022 women) CARDIA participants with complete data on all baseline covariates who were not obese at baseline (1985-1986; ages 18-30). A series of gender-stratified Cox proportional hazards models were run adjusting separately for socioeconomic, psychosocial, neighborhood, lifestyle, and physiological Factors to determine the extent to which they explained race differences in incident obesity. Results: Among men, 36.9% of Whites and 43.7% of Blacks became obese over follow-up. In women, 33.7% of Whites and 60.3% of Blacks became obese. After adjusting for age and baseline BMI, Black men were 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19, 1.62) times more likely to become obese than White men (Table). Covariate adjustment reduced race differences by 34%; neighborhood Factors were the strongest contributors. Black women were 1.63 (95% CI: 1.42, 1.88) times more likely to become obese than White women in the base model. This association was reduced by 57% in fully adjusted models. Lifestyle Factors explained the largest proportion of the race difference, followed by individual-level socioeconomic Factors and neighborhood conditions. Conclusions: Racial disparities in incident obesity, and the extent to which these disparities were explained by baseline covariates, differ for men and women. Whereas substantial attenuation occurred after adjustment for a wide variety of baseline covariates, race differences in obesity incidence remained significant. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif