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Jair C Soares - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reduced educational attainment in Bipolar Disorder.
Journal of affective disorders, 2006Co-Authors: David C Glahn, Carrie E Bearden, Charles L Bowden, Jair C SoaresAbstract:To document educational attainment in relation to IQ in patients with Bipolar Disorder, in order to establish guidelines for matching patients with appropriate comparison subjects. 60 adult patients with Bipolar Disorder were compared to 60 demographically matched healthy subjects on IQ measures and educational attainment. Despite comparable IQ levels, patients with Bipolar Disorder completed fewer years of education than controls. Although over 60% of both groups entered college, only 16% of Bipolar patients received a college degree. In contrast 47% of the comparison sample completed college. Educational attainment did not differ between subgroups of patients with earlier vs. later illness onset, nor as a function of comorbid substance abuse. Other comorbidities, such as anxiety Disorders or sub-clinical symptomatology prior to illness onset, were not assessed. Educational attainment is disrupted in Bipolar Disorder, and thus should not be used for matching patients and comparison subjects. Reduced educational attainment may contribute to later functional disability in this illness.
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Reduced educational attainment in Bipolar Disorder.
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2006Co-Authors: David C Glahn, Carrie E Bearden, Charles L Bowden, Jair C SoaresAbstract:Abstract Objective To document educational attainment in relation to IQ in patients with Bipolar Disorder, in order to establish guidelines for matching patients with appropriate comparison subjects. Method 60 adult patients with Bipolar Disorder were compared to 60 demographically matched healthy subjects on IQ measures and educational attainment. Results Despite comparable IQ levels, patients with Bipolar Disorder completed fewer years of education than controls. Although over 60% of both groups entered college, only 16% of Bipolar patients received a college degree. In contrast 47% of the comparison sample completed college. Educational attainment did not differ between subgroups of patients with earlier vs. later illness onset, nor as a function of comorbid substance abuse. Limitations Other comorbidities, such as anxiety Disorders or sub-clinical symptomatology prior to illness onset, were not assessed. Conclusions Educational attainment is disrupted in Bipolar Disorder, and thus should not be used for matching patients and comparison subjects. Reduced educational attainment may contribute to later functional disability in this illness.
Charles L Bowden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reduced educational attainment in Bipolar Disorder.
Journal of affective disorders, 2006Co-Authors: David C Glahn, Carrie E Bearden, Charles L Bowden, Jair C SoaresAbstract:To document educational attainment in relation to IQ in patients with Bipolar Disorder, in order to establish guidelines for matching patients with appropriate comparison subjects. 60 adult patients with Bipolar Disorder were compared to 60 demographically matched healthy subjects on IQ measures and educational attainment. Despite comparable IQ levels, patients with Bipolar Disorder completed fewer years of education than controls. Although over 60% of both groups entered college, only 16% of Bipolar patients received a college degree. In contrast 47% of the comparison sample completed college. Educational attainment did not differ between subgroups of patients with earlier vs. later illness onset, nor as a function of comorbid substance abuse. Other comorbidities, such as anxiety Disorders or sub-clinical symptomatology prior to illness onset, were not assessed. Educational attainment is disrupted in Bipolar Disorder, and thus should not be used for matching patients and comparison subjects. Reduced educational attainment may contribute to later functional disability in this illness.
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Reduced educational attainment in Bipolar Disorder.
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2006Co-Authors: David C Glahn, Carrie E Bearden, Charles L Bowden, Jair C SoaresAbstract:Abstract Objective To document educational attainment in relation to IQ in patients with Bipolar Disorder, in order to establish guidelines for matching patients with appropriate comparison subjects. Method 60 adult patients with Bipolar Disorder were compared to 60 demographically matched healthy subjects on IQ measures and educational attainment. Results Despite comparable IQ levels, patients with Bipolar Disorder completed fewer years of education than controls. Although over 60% of both groups entered college, only 16% of Bipolar patients received a college degree. In contrast 47% of the comparison sample completed college. Educational attainment did not differ between subgroups of patients with earlier vs. later illness onset, nor as a function of comorbid substance abuse. Limitations Other comorbidities, such as anxiety Disorders or sub-clinical symptomatology prior to illness onset, were not assessed. Conclusions Educational attainment is disrupted in Bipolar Disorder, and thus should not be used for matching patients and comparison subjects. Reduced educational attainment may contribute to later functional disability in this illness.
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Bipolar Disorder and work loss.
The American Journal of Managed Care, 2005Co-Authors: Charles L BowdenAbstract:Bipolar Disorder affects many aspects of an individual's life and greatly interferes with a person's ability to find and maintain employment. The evidence indicates that a majority of patients with Bipolar Disorder are not employed and many others are employed only part time. Job-related difficulties are common, and patients with Bipolar Disorder tend to have higher rates of absenteeism from work compared with working individuals without Bipolar Disorder. A limited amount of data suggests that appropriate treatment may improve occupational status among patients with Bipolar Disorder. The ability to work is closely related to functional recovery, which tends to be incomplete in a majority of patients with Bipolar Disorder.
David C Glahn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Reduced educational attainment in Bipolar Disorder.
Journal of affective disorders, 2006Co-Authors: David C Glahn, Carrie E Bearden, Charles L Bowden, Jair C SoaresAbstract:To document educational attainment in relation to IQ in patients with Bipolar Disorder, in order to establish guidelines for matching patients with appropriate comparison subjects. 60 adult patients with Bipolar Disorder were compared to 60 demographically matched healthy subjects on IQ measures and educational attainment. Despite comparable IQ levels, patients with Bipolar Disorder completed fewer years of education than controls. Although over 60% of both groups entered college, only 16% of Bipolar patients received a college degree. In contrast 47% of the comparison sample completed college. Educational attainment did not differ between subgroups of patients with earlier vs. later illness onset, nor as a function of comorbid substance abuse. Other comorbidities, such as anxiety Disorders or sub-clinical symptomatology prior to illness onset, were not assessed. Educational attainment is disrupted in Bipolar Disorder, and thus should not be used for matching patients and comparison subjects. Reduced educational attainment may contribute to later functional disability in this illness.
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Reduced educational attainment in Bipolar Disorder.
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2006Co-Authors: David C Glahn, Carrie E Bearden, Charles L Bowden, Jair C SoaresAbstract:Abstract Objective To document educational attainment in relation to IQ in patients with Bipolar Disorder, in order to establish guidelines for matching patients with appropriate comparison subjects. Method 60 adult patients with Bipolar Disorder were compared to 60 demographically matched healthy subjects on IQ measures and educational attainment. Results Despite comparable IQ levels, patients with Bipolar Disorder completed fewer years of education than controls. Although over 60% of both groups entered college, only 16% of Bipolar patients received a college degree. In contrast 47% of the comparison sample completed college. Educational attainment did not differ between subgroups of patients with earlier vs. later illness onset, nor as a function of comorbid substance abuse. Limitations Other comorbidities, such as anxiety Disorders or sub-clinical symptomatology prior to illness onset, were not assessed. Conclusions Educational attainment is disrupted in Bipolar Disorder, and thus should not be used for matching patients and comparison subjects. Reduced educational attainment may contribute to later functional disability in this illness.
T Kato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction as the Molecular Basis of Bipolar Disorder
CNS Drugs, 2007Co-Authors: T KatoAbstract:Multiple lines of evidence, such as impaired energy metabolism in the brain detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a possible role of maternal inheritance, co-morbidity with mitochondrial diseases, the effects of mood stabilisers on mitochondria, increased mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion in the brain, and association with mtDNA mutations/polymorphisms or nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes, suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is an important component of Bipolar Disorder. Global reduction of mitochondria-related gene expression in the postmortem brains of patients with Bipolar Disorder may also be an indicator, but such findings are affected by sample pH and thus need to be interpreted with caution. A recently developed animal model carrying mtDNA deletion in neurons suggested that accumulation of mtDNA deletions causes Bipolar Disorder-like phenotypes. The next step in the study of mitochondrial dysfunction in Bipolar Disorder should be clarification of how mitochondrial dysfunction, a nonspecific risk factor, can cause specific symptoms of Bipolar Disorder. Two hypothetical mechanisms are mtDNA neuroplasticity and nonvisual photoreception impairment. Further study of mitochondrial dysfunction in Bipolar Disorder is expected to be useful for the development of new mood stabilisers.
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in Bipolar Disorder.
Bipolar disorders, 2000Co-Authors: T Kato, N KatoAbstract:Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in Bipolar Disorder based on the following lines of evidence: 1) Abnormal brain energy metabolism measured by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy, that is, decreased intracellular pH, decreased phosphocreatine (PCr), and enhanced response of PCr to photic stimulation. 2) Possible role of maternal inheritance in the transmission of Bipolar Disorder. 3) Increased levels of the 4977-bp deletion in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in autopsied brains. 4) Comorbidity of affective Disorders in certain types of mitochondrial Disorders, such as autosomal inherited chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia and mitochondrial diabetes mellitus with the 3243 mutation. Based on these findings, we searched for mtDNA mutations/ polymorphisms associated with Bipolar Disorder and found that 5178C and 10398A polymorphisms in mtDNA were risk factors for Bipolar Disorder. The 5178C genotype was associated with lower brain intracellular pH. mtDNA variations may play a part in the pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder through alteration of intracellular calcium signaling systems. The mitochondrial dysfunction hypothesis, which comprehensively accounts for the pathophysiology of Bipolar Disorder, is proposed.
Caleb M. Adler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bipolar Disorder - Cognitive Behavioral Models of Emotional Dysregulation in Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar Disorder, 2020Co-Authors: David E. Fleck, Fabiano G. Nery, Caleb M. AdlerAbstract:This chapter provides a characterization of cognitive impairment in Bipolar Disorder and how emotions affect cognition and lead to cognitive biases. The Behavioral Approach System and Interactive Cognitive Model of Bipolar Disorder are reviewed, along with the newer Interactive Influence Model of Emotion and Cognition, which holds promise in future applications to mood Disorders. These models provide a framework for the development and expansion of neurobiological models and psychotherapeutic interventions for Bipolar Disorder. The authors conclude by noting that, while models of Bipolar Disorder still need to be expanded to account for cognitive and behavioral influences beyond simple correlations with symptom outcomes, their importance is clearly demonstrated in the development of cognitive behavioral therapies, cognitive remediation therapies, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapies for Bipolar Disorder. The ability to test the efficacy of these, and other, cognitive behavioral therapeutics in controlled trials based on the predictions of well-characterized models of Bipolar Disorder will undoubtedly lead to advances in patient care.
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Bipolar Disorder in Youth: Presentation, Treatment and Neurobiology - Bipolar Disorder in youth : presentation, treatment, and neurobiology
2014Co-Authors: Stephen M. Strakowski, Melissa P. Delbello, Caleb M. AdlerAbstract:Prologue: Introduction to Bipolar Disorder in youth Section 1: Phenomenology and Diagnosis Chapter 1: Progression of Bipolar Disorder in Youth: Defining the early clinical stages in the development of Bipolar Disorder Anne Duffy Chapter 2: Presentation of mania/Bipolar I in youth: comparison with adults Gabrielle A. Carlson Caroly Pataki Chapter 3: Differential Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder in Children and Youth Kenneth E. Towbin Ellen Leibenluft Chapter 4: Comorbid conditions in youth with and at-risk for Bipolar Disorder Gagan Joshi Timothy Wilens Chapter 5: Heritability of Bipolar Disorder Katie Maho Katherine E. Burdick Anil K. Malhotra Chapter 6: Non-heritable risk factors for Bipolar Disorders Robert K. McNamara Jeffrey R. Strawn Section 2: Treatment of Bipolar Disorder in youth Chapter 7: Ethical consideration for treating at-risk populations Aswin Ratheesh Michael Berk Patrick D. McGorry Chapter 8: Medical treatment strategies for young people with Bipolar Disorder Sarah M. Lytle Sonal K. Moratschek Robert L. Findling Chapter 9: Psychotherapeutic strategies for treating youth with or at risk for Bipolar Disorder David J. Miklowitz Chapter 10: Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Child and Adolescent Bipolar Disorder Barbara L. Gracious Sathyan Gurumurthy Alexandra Cottle Taylor McCabe Section 3: Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder Chapter 11: Neurobiology of Developing Bipolar Disorder Jillian M. Russo Sonja M.C. de Zwarte Hilary P. Blumberg Chapter 12: Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder in youth Mani N. Pavaluri Chapter 13: Neurocognitive Models of Evolving Bipolar Disorder in Youth Alessandra M. Passarotti Chapter 14: The neural effects of intervention in pediatric Bipolar Disorder Manpreet K. Singh Kiki D. Chang Chapter 15: Integration and Future Direction: Toward improving outcomes for youth with Bipolar Disorder Luis Rodrigo Patino Duran Peirce Johnston Caleb M. Adler Melissa P. DelBello Stephen M. Strakowski
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Neuroprogression in Bipolar Disorder.
Bipolar disorders, 2012Co-Authors: Marguerite Reid Schneider, Melissa P. Delbello, Robert K. Mcnamara, Stephen M. Strakowski, Caleb M. AdlerAbstract:Schneider MR, DelBello MP, McNamara RK, Strakowski SM, Adler CM. Neuroprogression in Bipolar Disorder. Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 356–374. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objective: Recent theories regarding the neuropathology of Bipolar Disorder suggest that both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative processes may play a role. While magnetic resonance imaging has provided significant insight into the structural, functional, and connectivity abnormalities associated with Bipolar Disorder, research assessing longitudinal changes has been more limited. However, such research is essential to elucidate the pathophysiology of the Disorder. The aim of our review is to examine the extant literature for developmental and progressive structural and functional changes in individuals with and at risk for Bipolar Disorder. Methods: We conducted a literature review using MEDLINE and the following search terms: Bipolar Disorder, risk, child, adolescent, Bipolar offspring, MRI, fMRI, DTI, PET, SPECT, cross-sectional, longitudinal, progressive, and developmental. Further relevant articles were identified by cross-referencing with identified manuscripts. Conclusions: There is some evidence for developmental and progressive neurophysiological alterations in Bipolar Disorder, but the interpretation of correlations between neuroimaging findings and measures of illness exposure or age in cross-sectional studies must be performed with care. Prospective longitudinal studies placed in the context of normative developmental and atrophic changes in neural structures and pathways thought to be involved in Bipolar Disorder are needed to improve our understanding of the neurodevelopmental underpinnings and progressive changes associated with Bipolar Disorder.
