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Rikard Gebart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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performance of a pilot scale entrained flow Black Liquor gasifier
Energy & Fuels, 2016Co-Authors: Yawer Jafri, Erik Furusjö, Kawnish Kirtania, Rikard GebartAbstract:Pilot-scale entrained flow Gasification experiments were carried out at the 3 MWth LTU Green Fuels Black Liquor Gasification (BLG) plant, using ∼140 tons of Kraft Black Liquor (BL) with a dry solids content of ∼72.5%. Comprehensive mass and energy balances were performed to quantify process performance under varying pressure, load, and oxygen/fuel ratio. Carbon conversion efficiency of the BLG process was 98.3%–99.2% and did not vary systematically in response to process changes. The unconverted carbon is almost exclusively present as dissolved organic carbon in the green Liquor (GL) stream. GL is an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide used to recover the inorganic pulping chemicals present in BL for reuse in the pulp mill. A small fraction of syngas CO is converted to formate ions dissolved in GL through reaction with hydroxide ions. Unconverted carbon present in GL solids is insignificant. Syngas produced is subsequently upgraded to methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) in an integrated ...
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Performance of a Pilot-Scale Entrained-Flow Black Liquor Gasifier
2016Co-Authors: Yawer Jafri, Kawnish Kirtania, Erik Furusjö, Rikard GebartAbstract:Pilot-scale entrained flow Gasification experiments were carried out at the 3 MWth LTU Green Fuels Black Liquor Gasification (BLG) plant, using ∼140 tons of Kraft Black Liquor (BL) with a dry solids content of ∼72.5%. Comprehensive mass and energy balances were performed to quantify process performance under varying pressure, load, and oxygen/fuel ratio. Carbon conversion efficiency of the BLG process was 98.3%–99.2% and did not vary systematically in response to process changes. The unconverted carbon is almost exclusively present as dissolved organic carbon in the green Liquor (GL) stream. GL is an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate and sodium sulfide used to recover the inorganic pulping chemicals present in BL for reuse in the pulp mill. A small fraction of syngas CO is converted to formate ions dissolved in GL through reaction with hydroxide ions. Unconverted carbon present in GL solids is insignificant. Syngas produced is subsequently upgraded to methanol and dimethyl ether (DME) in an integrated fuel synthesis facility. Concentration of H2 in syngas is not significantly affected by operating point changes in the domain investigated, while CO and CO2 concentrations are. Syngas hydrocarbon concentration values are typically in the single-digit parts per million (ppm) with the exception of C6H6, which was present at 16–127 ppm. CH4 is present at 0.5%–1.2%, with lower concentrations at higher temperatures, and shows good correlation with C6H6. A quantity of 24%–27% of BL sulfur ended up in the syngas as 1.5%–1.7% H2S and 64–72 ppm COS. Cold gas efficiencies (CGEs) on a lower heating value (LHV) basis, when including syngas CH4, were 52%–55% and decreased at higher temperature. CGEs on an LHV basis, when considering only H2 and CO with a sulfur-free BL heating value relevant for catalytic syngas upgrading, were 58%–60% and showed the opposite temperature dependence. Good mass and energy balance closures show the figures presented to be reliable. The results obtained from this study demonstrate process stability at varying operating conditions and can be further used for techno-economic analysis and design purposes
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numerical modeling of counter current condensation in a Black Liquor Gasification plant
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013Co-Authors: Mikael Risberg, Rikard GebartAbstract:Abstract Pressurized Entrained flow High Temperature Black Liquor Gasification is a novel technique to recover the inorganic chemicals and available energy in Black Liquor originating from kraft pulping. The gasifier has a direct quench that quickly cools the raw syngas when it leaves the hot reactor by spraying the gas with a water solution. As a result, the raw syngas becomes saturated with steam. Typically the gasifier operates at 30 bar which corresponds to a dew point of about 235 °C and a steam concentration in the saturated syngas that is about 3 times higher than the total concentration of the other species in the syngas. After the quench cooler the syngas is passed through a counter-current condenser where the raw syngas is cooled and most of the steam is condensed. The condenser consists of several vertical tubes where reflux condensation occurs inside the tubes due to water cooling of the tubes on the shell-side. A large part of the condensation takes place inside the tubes on the wall and results in a counterflow of water driven by gravity through the counter current condenser. In this study a computational fluid dynamics model is developed for the two-phase fluid flow on the tube-side of the condenser and for the single phase flow of the shell-side. The two-phase flow was treated using an Euler–Euler formulation with closure correlations for heat flux, condensation rate and pressure drop inside the tubes. The single-phase model for the shell side uses closure correlations for the heat flux and pressure drop. Predictions of the model are compared with results from experimental measurements in a condenser used in a 3 MW Black Liquor Gasification development plant. The results are in good agreement with the limited experimental data that has been collected in the experimental gasifier. However, more validation data is necessary before a definite conclusion can be drawn about the predictive capability of the code.
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analysis of trace components in synthesis gas generated by Black Liquor Gasification
Fuel, 2012Co-Authors: Olov G W Öhrman, Henrik Wiinikka, Caroline Haggstrom, Jonas Hedlund, Rikard GebartAbstract:Abstract The only pressurized Black Liquor gasifier currently in operation is located in Sweden. The composition of the main components in the gas has been reported previously. The main components are H 2 , CO, CO 2 , N 2 , CH 4 , and H 2 S. In the present work, trace components in the gas have been characterized and the results are hereby reported for the first time. Samples were taken at two occasions during a one year period. The benzene concentration in the gas varied only slightly and the average concentration was 158 ppm. Benzene is formed by thermal cracking of the biomass. The COS concentration varied substantially and the average concentration was 47 ppm. The variations may be related to how the quench is operated. A few ppm of C 2 -hydrocarbons were also observed in the gas and the variation was probably a result of varying oxygen to Black Liquor ratio. No tars were observed in the gas. However, tar compounds, such as phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoranthene and fluorene were detected in deposits found on the pipe walls after the gas cooler. The concentration of particles in the synthesis gas was very low; 3 , which is comparable to the particulate matter in ambient air. Submicron particles were comprised of elements such as C, O, Na, Si, S, Cl, K, and Ca, and these particles probably originated from the Black Liquor. Larger particles were comprised mainly of Fe, S and Ni and these particles probably resulted from corrosion of steel in the plant pipe-work. In summary, the concentrations of trace components and particles in the gas are quite low.
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catalytic methanol synthesis via Black Liquor Gasification
Fuel Processing Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Caroline Haggstrom, Olov G W Öhrman, Ali A Rownaghi, Jonas Hedlund, Rikard GebartAbstract:Biofuel production from gasified Black Liquor is an interesting route to decrease green house gas emissions. The only pressurised Black Liquor gasifier currently in pilot operation is located in Sweden. In this work, synthesis gas was taken online directly from this gasifier, purified from hydrocarbons and sulphur compounds and for the first time catalytically converted to methanol in a bench scale equipment. Methanol was successfully synthesised during 45 h in total and the space time yield of methanol produced at 25 bar pressure was 0.16–0.19 g methanol/(g catalyst h). The spent catalyst exposed to gas from the gasifier was slightly enriched in calcium and sodium at the inlet of the reactor and in boron and nickel at the outlet of the reactor. Calcium, sodium and boron likely stem from Black Liquor whereas nickel probably originates from the stainless steel in the equipment. A slight deactivation, reduced surface area and mesoporosity of the catalyst exposed to gas from the gasifier were observed but it was not possible to reveal the origin of the deactivation. In addition to water, the produced methanol contained traces of hydrocarbons up to C4, ethanol and dimethyl ether.
Erik Dahlquist - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling of Black Liquor Gasification
Congress on Modelling and Simulation, 2018Co-Authors: Erik Dahlquist, Muhammad Naqvi, Jinyue Yan, Eva Thorin, Konstantinos Kyprianidis, Philip HartwellAbstract:The energy situation in both process industries andpower plants is changing. It is becoming interesting toperform system analysis on how to integrate Gasificationinto chemical recovery systems in t ...
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polygeneration system integrated with small non wood pulp mills for substitute natural gas production
Applied Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Erik Dahlquist, Muhammad Naqvi, Salman Raza Naqvi, Chaudhary Awais Salman, Muhammad Danish, Usman Farooq, Mohammad Rehan, Abdul-sattar Nizami, Zakir KhanAbstract:Abstract This study aims to examine the potential substitute natural gas (SNG) production by integrating Black Liquor Gasification (BLG) island with a small wheat straw-based non-wood pulp mills (NPM), which do not employ the Black Liquor recovery cycle. For such integration, it is important to first build knowledge on expected improvements in an overall integrated non-wood pulp mill energy system using the key performance indicators. O2-blown circulating fluidized bed (CFB) Gasification with direct causticization is integrated with a reference small NPM to evaluate the overall performance. A detailed economic analysis is performed together with a sensitivity analysis based on variations in the rate of return due to varying biomass price, total capital investment, and natural gas prices. The quantitive results showed considerable SNG production but significantly reduced electricity production. There is a substantial CO2 abatement potential combining CO2 capture and CO2 mitigation from SNG use replacing compressed natural gas (CNG) or gasoline. The economic performance through sensitivity analysis reflects significant dependency on both substitute natural gas production and natural gas market price. Furthermore, the solutions to address the challenges and barriers for the successful commercial implementation of BLG based polygeneration system at small NPMs are discussed. The system performance and discussion on the real application of integrated system presented in this article form a vital literature source for future use by large number of small non-wood pulp industries.
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experimental and numerical investigation of pellet and Black Liquor Gasification for polygeneration plant
Applied Energy, 2017Co-Authors: Erik Dahlquist, Muhammad Naqvi, Jinyue Yan, Eva Thorin, Konstantinos Kyprianidis, Philip HartwellAbstract:It is vital to perform system analysis on integrated biomass Gasification in chemical recovery systems in pulp and paper and heat and power plants for polygeneration applications. The proposed inte ...
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system analysis of dry Black Liquor Gasification based synthetic gas production comparing oxygen and air blown Gasification systems
Applied Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Muhammad Naqvi, Erik DahlquistAbstract:The Black Liquor Gasification based bio-fuel production at chemical pulp mill is an attractive option to replace conventional recovery boilers increasing system energy efficiency. The present paper studies circulating fluidized bed system with direct causticization using TiO2 for the Gasification of the Black Liquor to the synthesis gas. The advantage of using direct causticization is the elimination of energy-intensive lime kiln which is an integral part of the conventional Black Liquor recovery system. The study evaluates the effects of gasifying medium i.e. oxygen or air, on the fluidized bed Gasification system, the synthesis gas composition, and the downstream processes for the synthesis gas conversion to the synthetic natural gas (SNG). The results showed higher synthetic natural gas production potential with about 10% higher energy efficiency using oxygen blown Gasification system than the air blown system. From the pulp mill integration perspective, the material and energy balance results in better integration of air blown system than the oxygen blown system, e.g. less steam required to be generated in the power boiler, less electricity import, and less additional biomass requirement. However, the air blown system still requires a significant amount of energy in terms of the synthesis gas handling and gas upgrading using the nitrogen rejection system.
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biomass and Black Liquor Gasification
2013Co-Authors: Klas Engvall, Truls Liliedahl, Erik DahlquistAbstract:Modern society is profoundly dependent on fossil feed stocks to produce multiple products, such as transportation fuels, fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, detergents, synthetic fibers, plastics, fer ...
Muhammad Naqvi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling of Black Liquor Gasification
Congress on Modelling and Simulation, 2018Co-Authors: Erik Dahlquist, Muhammad Naqvi, Jinyue Yan, Eva Thorin, Konstantinos Kyprianidis, Philip HartwellAbstract:The energy situation in both process industries andpower plants is changing. It is becoming interesting toperform system analysis on how to integrate Gasificationinto chemical recovery systems in t ...
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polygeneration system integrated with small non wood pulp mills for substitute natural gas production
Applied Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Erik Dahlquist, Muhammad Naqvi, Salman Raza Naqvi, Chaudhary Awais Salman, Muhammad Danish, Usman Farooq, Mohammad Rehan, Abdul-sattar Nizami, Zakir KhanAbstract:Abstract This study aims to examine the potential substitute natural gas (SNG) production by integrating Black Liquor Gasification (BLG) island with a small wheat straw-based non-wood pulp mills (NPM), which do not employ the Black Liquor recovery cycle. For such integration, it is important to first build knowledge on expected improvements in an overall integrated non-wood pulp mill energy system using the key performance indicators. O2-blown circulating fluidized bed (CFB) Gasification with direct causticization is integrated with a reference small NPM to evaluate the overall performance. A detailed economic analysis is performed together with a sensitivity analysis based on variations in the rate of return due to varying biomass price, total capital investment, and natural gas prices. The quantitive results showed considerable SNG production but significantly reduced electricity production. There is a substantial CO2 abatement potential combining CO2 capture and CO2 mitigation from SNG use replacing compressed natural gas (CNG) or gasoline. The economic performance through sensitivity analysis reflects significant dependency on both substitute natural gas production and natural gas market price. Furthermore, the solutions to address the challenges and barriers for the successful commercial implementation of BLG based polygeneration system at small NPMs are discussed. The system performance and discussion on the real application of integrated system presented in this article form a vital literature source for future use by large number of small non-wood pulp industries.
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experimental and numerical investigation of pellet and Black Liquor Gasification for polygeneration plant
Applied Energy, 2017Co-Authors: Erik Dahlquist, Muhammad Naqvi, Jinyue Yan, Eva Thorin, Konstantinos Kyprianidis, Philip HartwellAbstract:It is vital to perform system analysis on integrated biomass Gasification in chemical recovery systems in pulp and paper and heat and power plants for polygeneration applications. The proposed inte ...
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system analysis of dry Black Liquor Gasification based synthetic gas production comparing oxygen and air blown Gasification systems
Applied Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Muhammad Naqvi, Erik DahlquistAbstract:The Black Liquor Gasification based bio-fuel production at chemical pulp mill is an attractive option to replace conventional recovery boilers increasing system energy efficiency. The present paper studies circulating fluidized bed system with direct causticization using TiO2 for the Gasification of the Black Liquor to the synthesis gas. The advantage of using direct causticization is the elimination of energy-intensive lime kiln which is an integral part of the conventional Black Liquor recovery system. The study evaluates the effects of gasifying medium i.e. oxygen or air, on the fluidized bed Gasification system, the synthesis gas composition, and the downstream processes for the synthesis gas conversion to the synthetic natural gas (SNG). The results showed higher synthetic natural gas production potential with about 10% higher energy efficiency using oxygen blown Gasification system than the air blown system. From the pulp mill integration perspective, the material and energy balance results in better integration of air blown system than the oxygen blown system, e.g. less steam required to be generated in the power boiler, less electricity import, and less additional biomass requirement. However, the air blown system still requires a significant amount of energy in terms of the synthesis gas handling and gas upgrading using the nitrogen rejection system.
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synthetic gas production from dry Black Liquor Gasification process using direct causticization with co2 capture
Applied Energy, 2012Co-Authors: Muhammad Naqvi, Erik DahlquistAbstract:Synthetic natural gas (SNG) production from dry Black Liquor Gasification (DBLG) system is an attractive option to reduce CO2 emissions replacing natural gas. This article evaluates the energy conv ...
Henrik Wiinikka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of Black Liquor Gasification intended for synthetic fuel or power production
Fuel Processing Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Henrik Wiinikka, Ann Christine Johansson, Per Carlsson, Jonas Wennebro, Olov G W ÖhrmanAbstract:The performance of a high-temperature pressurized Black Liquor gasifier intended for fuel or power production was evaluated both by thermochemical equilibrium calculations and with experiments performed in a development plant with a maximum capacity corresponding to 3 MWth. The aim of this paper was to investigate how the energy efficiency and the performance of the gasifier change with desired use of the syngas and to provide an accurate process analysis which can be used in future work for process optimization and understanding. Experiments in the plant were performed for an oxygen equivalence ratio (λ) between 0.414-0.462 at two system pressures, 24.6 and 28.7 bar, respectively. The thermal load on the gasifier was 2.7 MWth during the experiments. The experimentally verified cold gas efficiency taking into account all gaseous species varied between 59.0-62.4%. However, if only CO and H2(which are the effective molecules for synthetic fuel production) were taken into account; the cold gas efficiency decreased considerably to 53.7-55.4% due to the presence of CH4in the gas. The results indicate that optimal performance for synthetic fuel production occurs at a higher λ compared to power production. There is also a potential to further improve the performance for an optimal operated commercial plant in the future since the theoretical results indicate that the cold gas efficiency could be as high as 68.8% (λ = 0.35) for fuel production and 81.7% (λ = 0.27) for power production.
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analysis of trace components in synthesis gas generated by Black Liquor Gasification
Fuel, 2012Co-Authors: Olov G W Öhrman, Henrik Wiinikka, Caroline Haggstrom, Jonas Hedlund, Rikard GebartAbstract:Abstract The only pressurized Black Liquor gasifier currently in operation is located in Sweden. The composition of the main components in the gas has been reported previously. The main components are H 2 , CO, CO 2 , N 2 , CH 4 , and H 2 S. In the present work, trace components in the gas have been characterized and the results are hereby reported for the first time. Samples were taken at two occasions during a one year period. The benzene concentration in the gas varied only slightly and the average concentration was 158 ppm. Benzene is formed by thermal cracking of the biomass. The COS concentration varied substantially and the average concentration was 47 ppm. The variations may be related to how the quench is operated. A few ppm of C 2 -hydrocarbons were also observed in the gas and the variation was probably a result of varying oxygen to Black Liquor ratio. No tars were observed in the gas. However, tar compounds, such as phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoranthene and fluorene were detected in deposits found on the pipe walls after the gas cooler. The concentration of particles in the synthesis gas was very low; 3 , which is comparable to the particulate matter in ambient air. Submicron particles were comprised of elements such as C, O, Na, Si, S, Cl, K, and Ca, and these particles probably originated from the Black Liquor. Larger particles were comprised mainly of Fe, S and Ni and these particles probably resulted from corrosion of steel in the plant pipe-work. In summary, the concentrations of trace components and particles in the gas are quite low.
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Experimental investigation of an industrial scale Black Liquor gasifier. Part 2: Influence of quench operation on product gas composition
Fuel, 2012Co-Authors: Henrik Wiinikka, Magnus Marklund, Per Carlsson, Carola Grönberg, Esbjörn Pettersson, Marcus Lidman, Rikard GebartAbstract:Pressurised Black Liquor Gasification combined either with a gas turbine or a catalytic fuel synthesis process is a novel technique for production of green electricity or second generation motor fuels. The composition of the gas produced in the gasifier may be important for the performance of either the gas turbine or the catalytic fuel synthesis process and different operating parameters of the gasifier may affect the composition of the produced gas. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of some operating parameters on the final gas composition with special attention on the performance of the quench in the gasifier. The results show that system pressure, oxygen/Black Liquor flow rate ratio and the primary spray flow rate in the quench significantly affect the final gas composition. Furthermore, depending on the cooling rate in the quench, the hot reactor gas composition prior to the quench could either be preserved (high cooling rate) yielding the same final gas composition after the quench as in the hot reactor or shifted (low cooling rate) towards a higher concentration of H2 and CO2.
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experimental investigation of an industrial scale Black Liquor gasifier 1 the effect of reactor operation parameters on product gas composition
Fuel, 2010Co-Authors: Per Carlsson, Magnus Marklund, Henrik Wiinikka, Carola Grönberg, Esbjörn Pettersson, Marcus Lidman, Rikard GebartAbstract:Abstract A novel technology to mitigate the climate changes and improve energy security is Pressurized Entrained flow High Temperature Black Liquor Gasification (PEHT-BLG) in combination with an efficient fuel synthesis using the resulting syngas. In order to optimise the technology for use in a pulp and paper mill based biorefinery, it is of great importance to understand how the operational parameters of the gasifier affect the product gas composition. The present paper is based on experiments where gas samples were withdrawn from the hot part of a 3 MW entrained flow pressurized Black Liquor gasifier of semi industrial scale using a high temperature gas sampling system. Specifically, the influence of process conditions on product gas composition (CO 2 , CO, H 2 , CH 4 , H 2 S, and COS) were examined by systematically varying the operational parameters: system pressure, oxygen to Black Liquor equivalence ratio, Black Liquor flow rate to pressure ratio and Black Liquor pre-heat temperature. Due to the harsh environment inside the Gasification reactor, gas sampling is a challenging task. However, for the purpose of the current study, a specially designed high temperature gas sampling system was successfully developed and used. The results, obtained from two separate experimental campaigns, show that all of the investigated operational parameters have a significant influence on the product gas composition and present valuable information about to the process characteristics.
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Experiments and mathematical models of Black Liquor Gasification : Influence of minor gas components on temperature, gas composition, and fixed carbon conversion
September 2010, 2010Co-Authors: Per Carlsson, Magnus Marklund, Henrik Wiinikka, Erik Furusjö, Rikard GebartAbstract:In this work, predictions from a reacting Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of a Gasification reactor are compared to experimentally obtained data from an industrial pressurized Black Liquor ...
Magnus Marklund - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental investigation of an industrial scale Black Liquor gasifier. Part 2: Influence of quench operation on product gas composition
Fuel, 2012Co-Authors: Henrik Wiinikka, Magnus Marklund, Per Carlsson, Carola Grönberg, Esbjörn Pettersson, Marcus Lidman, Rikard GebartAbstract:Pressurised Black Liquor Gasification combined either with a gas turbine or a catalytic fuel synthesis process is a novel technique for production of green electricity or second generation motor fuels. The composition of the gas produced in the gasifier may be important for the performance of either the gas turbine or the catalytic fuel synthesis process and different operating parameters of the gasifier may affect the composition of the produced gas. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of some operating parameters on the final gas composition with special attention on the performance of the quench in the gasifier. The results show that system pressure, oxygen/Black Liquor flow rate ratio and the primary spray flow rate in the quench significantly affect the final gas composition. Furthermore, depending on the cooling rate in the quench, the hot reactor gas composition prior to the quench could either be preserved (high cooling rate) yielding the same final gas composition after the quench as in the hot reactor or shifted (low cooling rate) towards a higher concentration of H2 and CO2.
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experimental investigation of an industrial scale Black Liquor gasifier 1 the effect of reactor operation parameters on product gas composition
Fuel, 2010Co-Authors: Per Carlsson, Magnus Marklund, Henrik Wiinikka, Carola Grönberg, Esbjörn Pettersson, Marcus Lidman, Rikard GebartAbstract:Abstract A novel technology to mitigate the climate changes and improve energy security is Pressurized Entrained flow High Temperature Black Liquor Gasification (PEHT-BLG) in combination with an efficient fuel synthesis using the resulting syngas. In order to optimise the technology for use in a pulp and paper mill based biorefinery, it is of great importance to understand how the operational parameters of the gasifier affect the product gas composition. The present paper is based on experiments where gas samples were withdrawn from the hot part of a 3 MW entrained flow pressurized Black Liquor gasifier of semi industrial scale using a high temperature gas sampling system. Specifically, the influence of process conditions on product gas composition (CO 2 , CO, H 2 , CH 4 , H 2 S, and COS) were examined by systematically varying the operational parameters: system pressure, oxygen to Black Liquor equivalence ratio, Black Liquor flow rate to pressure ratio and Black Liquor pre-heat temperature. Due to the harsh environment inside the Gasification reactor, gas sampling is a challenging task. However, for the purpose of the current study, a specially designed high temperature gas sampling system was successfully developed and used. The results, obtained from two separate experimental campaigns, show that all of the investigated operational parameters have a significant influence on the product gas composition and present valuable information about to the process characteristics.
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Experiments and mathematical models of Black Liquor Gasification : Influence of minor gas components on temperature, gas composition, and fixed carbon conversion
September 2010, 2010Co-Authors: Per Carlsson, Magnus Marklund, Henrik Wiinikka, Erik Furusjö, Rikard GebartAbstract:In this work, predictions from a reacting Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model of a Gasification reactor are compared to experimentally obtained data from an industrial pressurized Black Liquor ...
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design and methodology of a high temperature gas sampling system for pressurized Black Liquor Gasification
Fuel, 2010Co-Authors: Henrik Wiinikka, Magnus Marklund, Per Carlsson, Fredrik Granberg, Johan Lofstrom, Ragnar Tegman, Mats Lindblom, Rikard GebartAbstract:This paper describes the system design and methodology for high temperature gas sampling during pressurized Black Liquor Gasification. The motivation for developing a system that can withstand the ...
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design and methodology of a high temperature gas sampling system for pressurized Black Liquor Gasification
Fuel, 2010Co-Authors: Henrik Wiinikka, Magnus Marklund, Per Carlsson, Fredrik Granberg, Johan Lofstrom, Ragnar Tegman, Mats Lindblom, Rikard GebartAbstract:Abstract This paper describes the system design and methodology for high temperature gas sampling during pressurized Black Liquor Gasification. The motivation for developing a system that can withstand the harsh conditions in the reactor part of the gasifier (30 bar, 1000 °C, reducing conditions and corrosive environment) comes from an ambition to better understand the various stages in the conversion of the fuel (Black Liquor) and provide spatially resolved data of the gas composition inside the Gasification reactor. Important components in the high temperature sampling system which are all described in detail in the paper, are the syngas sampling line, nitrogen purging system, water cooling line and an aerodynamic quench probe with an anti-clogging shield. Several measurement campaigns have been conducted in the gasifier where the concentration of CO 2 , CO, H 2 , CH 4 , H 2 S, and COS close to the outlet of the hot reactor have been measured with the high temperature gas sampling system. The results showed that the repeatability of the measured gas composition was excellent and that significant effects on the gas composition from different operating parameters of the gasifier could be found.