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Fereidoon Shahidi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme, human LDL cholesterol and DNA oxidation by hydrolysates from Blacktip Shark gelatin
LWT - Food Science and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Phanat Kittiphattanabawon, Wonnop Visessanguan, Soottawat Benjakul, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:Abstract Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), human LDL cholesterol and DNA oxidation by hydrolysates from Blacktip Shark gelatin prepared using papaya latex enzyme with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH of 10, 20, 30 and 40%) were evaluated. ACE-inhibitory activity of hydrolysate increased as the DH increased ( P −1 inhibited LDL cholesterol oxidation by 8.32–39.21%. Additionally, gelatin hydrolysate with DH of 40% effectively inhibited hydroxyl and peroxyl radical-induced DNA scission. Therefore, gelatin hydrolysate from Blacktip Shark skin with DH of 40% could serve as a potential source of functional food ingredient for health promotion.
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gelatin hydrolysate from Blacktip Shark skin prepared using papaya latex enzyme antioxidant activity and its potential in model systems
Food Chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Phanat Kittiphattanabawon, Wonnop Visessanguan, Soottawat Benjakul, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:Abstract Antioxidant activities of gelatin hydrolysates from Blacktip Shark skin prepared using papaya latex enzyme with different degrees of hydrolysis (DHs: 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) were evaluated. All antioxidant activity indices of hydrolysates increased with increasing DH ( P
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Effect of Extraction Temperature on Functional Properties and Antioxidative Activities of Gelatin from Shark Skin
Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Phanat Kittiphattanabawon, Wonnop Visessanguan, Soottawat Benjakul, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:Physico-chemical properties, functional properties, and antioxidative acitivities of gelatin from the skins of brownbanded bamboo Shark (BBS; Chiloscyllium punctatum ) and Blacktip Shark (BTS; Carcharhinus limbatus ), as affected by extraction temperature, were investigated. α-Amino acid group content and surface hydrophobicity of both gelatins from both species increased as the extraction temperature increased ( P
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cryoprotective effect of gelatin hydrolysate from Blacktip Shark skin on surimi subjected to different freeze thaw cycles
Lwt - Food Science and Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Phanat Kittiphattanabawon, Wonnop Visessanguan, Soottawat Benjakul, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:Abstract The cryoprotective effects of gelatin hydrolysate from Blacktip Shark ( Carcharhinus limbatus ) skin with different degrees of hydrolysis (DHs:5, 10, 20 and 30%) and commercial cryoprotectant (sucrose/sorbitol blend, 3:1) on surimi from threadfin bream ( Nemipterus spp.) subjected to 3 and 6 freeze-thaw cycles were investigated. Ca 2+ -ATPase, total sulfhydryl group content and solubility of all natural actomyosin (NAM) extracted from surimi decreased with increasing freeze-thaw cycles, while surface hydrophobicity and disulfide bond content increased ( P 2+ -ATPase activity with the coincidental lowest surface hydrophobicity was observed in surimi added with gelatin hydrolysate having 10%DH after repeated freeze-thawing ( P 2+ -ATPase and the highest surface hydrophobicity ( P P > 0.05). The results suggest that gelatin hydrolysate with 10%DH was able to prevent the denaturation of surimi protein comparably to commercial cryoprotectant. However, it exhibited the higher protective effect on denaturation of myosin heavy chain, especially globular head domain. Therefore, gelatin hydrolysate can be an alternative cryoprotectant with the lower sweetness in surimi products.
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Effect of Extraction Temperature on Functional Properties and Antioxidative Activities of Gelatin from Shark Skin
Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Phanat Kittiphattanabawon, Wonnop Visessanguan, Soottawat Benjakul, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:Physico-chemical properties, functional properties, and antioxidative acitivities of gelatin from the skins of brownbanded bamboo Shark (BBS; Chiloscyllium punctatum) and Blacktip Shark (BTS; Carcharhinus limbatus), as affected by extraction temperature, were investigated. α-Amino acid group content and surface hydrophobicity of both gelatins from both species increased as the extraction temperature increased (P < 0.05). Both gelatins had a high solubility (more than 80%) in a wide pH range (1–10). Both gelatins extracted at 60 °C exhibited the highest emulsion activity index (EAI), emulsion stability index (ESI) and foam expansion (FE). The lowest foam stability (FS) was obtained when gelatin was extracted at 75 °C (P < 0.05). The BBS gelatin had lower EAI, ESI, and FE than did BTS gelatin. Nevertheless, a higher FS was found in the former (P < 0.05). Antioxidative activities of both gelatins increased with coincidental increase in α-amino group content as the extraction temperature increased (P < 0.05). The BTS gelatin generally exhibited the higher antioxidative activities, compared with the BBS gelatin (P < 0.05). Gelatin extracted at 60 °C showed the highest interfacial properties, while those extracted at higher temperature (75 °C) had enhanced antioxidative activities. Extraction temperature may therefore be regulated to maximize applications.
Colin A. Simpfendorfer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stochastic demographic analyses of the silvertip Shark (Carcharhinus albimarginatus) and the common Blacktip Shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) from the Indo-Pacific
Fisheries Research, 2017Co-Authors: Jonathan J. Smart, William T. White, Andrew Chin, Andrew J. Tobin, Brian Kumasi, Colin A. SimpfendorferAbstract:Abstract Information on how Shark populations respond to fishing mortality ( F ) is critical to developing successful management and conservation strategies. However, data on catch, fishing effort and species abundance are often lacking for Shark populations – preventing stock assessments from being conducted. Static demographic models circumvent this issue as they only require life history parameters. Age-structured Leslie Matrix models were developed and applied for silvertip Shark Carcharhinus albimarginatus and common Blacktip Shark Carcharhinus limbatus sampled from heavily fished populations in the Indo-Pacific. Stochasticity was introduced to these models by varying vital rates though Monte Carlo simulations. Varying levels of F were introduced to the analyses to determine how both species respond to fishing pressure. Management scenarios were further developed to determine strategies that could facilitate sustainable harvesting. The demographic estimates demonstrated that without fishing both species would have increasing populations ( λ = 1.06 yr −1 for C. albimarginatus and 1.05 yr −1 for C. limbatus ) until density dependent effects occur. However, both populations would decline when low levels of F (>0.1 yr −1 ) were applied to all age-classes. The matrix elasticities revealed that changes to fertility elements had little effect on λ, while changes in juvenile survival led to the largest changes. However, age-at-first-capture analysis suggests protecting the juvenile life stage of both species would be an ineffective management strategy as both species mature at old ages. An age-at-last-capture analysis suggests these species could be harvested while maintaining increasing populations through a gauntlet fishery. This required F to be restrained to individuals C. limbatus and C. albimarginatus, respectively, until density dependent effects begin to manifest. However, this strategy depends on the ability to successfully protect all other age-classes from fishing – a strategy that may not be pragmatic in developing nations where little regulation occurs.
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Assessment of a data-limited, multi-species Shark fishery in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park and south-east Queensland
Fisheries Research, 2016Co-Authors: Alastair V. Harry, Jonathan J. Smart, Colin A. Simpfendorfer, Richard J. Saunders, Peter M. Yates, Andrew J. TobinAbstract:Abstract The status of five species of commercially exploited Sharks within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) and south-east Queensland was assessed using a data-limited approach. Annual harvest rate, U , estimated empirically from tagging between 2011 and 2013, was compared with an analytically-derived proxy for optimal equilibrium harvest rate, U MSY Lim . Median estimates of U for three principal retained species, Australian Blacktip Shark, Carcharhinus tilstoni , spot-tail Shark, Carcharhinus sorrah , and spinner Shark, Carcharhinus brevipinna , were 0.10, 0.06 and 0.07 year −1 , respectively. Median U for two retained, non-target species, pigeye Shark, Carcharhinus amboinensis and Australian sharpnose Shark, Rhizoprionodon taylori , were 0.27 and 0.01 year −1 , respectively. For all species except the Australian Blacktip the median ratio of U/U MSY Lim was U MSY Lim was low (0.04–0.07 year −1 ) and that U/U MSY Lim was likely to be >1. Harvest of the Australian Blacktip Shark above U MSY could place this species at a greater risk of localised depletion in parts of the GBRMP. Results of the study indicated that much higher catches, and presumably higher U , during the early 2000s were likely unsustainable. The unexpectedly high level of U on the pigeye Shark indicated that output-based management controls may not have been effective in reducing harvest levels on all species, particularly those caught incidentally by other fishing sectors including the recreational sector.
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Age and growth of the common Blacktip Shark Carcharhinus limbatus from Indonesia, incorporating an improved approach to comparing regional population growth rates
African Journal of Marine Science, 2015Co-Authors: Jonathan J. Smart, Andrew Chin, Andrew J. Tobin, Colin A. Simpfendorfer, William T. WhiteAbstract:Age and growth estimates from length‑at‑age data were produced for the common Blacktip Shark Carcharhinus limbatus from Indonesia. Back‑calculation techniques were used due to a low sample size (n = 30), which was dominated by large, mature Sharks. A multi‑model approach incorporating Akaike's information criterion with a bias correction (AICc) was used to estimate growth rates, with the von Bertalanffy growth function (VBGF) providing the best fit for the separate sexes using the back‑calculation data. These age and growth estimates were then compared to those of other populations of C. limbatus from the USA and South Africa using a combination of VBGF parameters and instantaneous (empirical) growth rates at birth (dL/dt0) and maturity (dL/dtmat). In comparison with populations from the USA, C. limbatus from Indonesia grow substantially larger and are more similar to South African populations. Differences in empirical growth rates were also determined between the populations, although this was not detected by the VBGF parameter k. This occurred because the parameter k is a measure of the rate at which a population reaches asymptotic length (L∞) and is not a measure of growth. This study demonstrated that the use of dL/dt0 and dL/dtmat to measure and compare empirical growth rates can be a useful addition to life‑history studies.
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Age, growth and reproductive biology of the spot-tail Shark, Carcharhinus sorrah, and the Australian Blacktip Shark, C. tilstoni, from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area, north-eastern Australia
Marine and Freshwater Research, 2013Co-Authors: Alastair V. Harry, Andrew J. Tobin, Colin A. SimpfendorferAbstract:Understanding the life history of an exploited fish species is an integral part of successful fisheries management and this information can be used in quantitative population assessments. The present study describes the quantitative relationships among age, growth and reproductive biology of two commercially exploited Sharks from the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBRWHA), namely, the spot-tail Shark, Carcharhinus sorrah (n = 659) and the Australian Blacktip Shark, C. tilstoni (n = 512). Longevity estimates based on vertebral ageing were 9 and 14 years for male and female C. sorrah and 13 and 15 years for C. tilstoni. However, an age-validation study failed to validate annual banding in larger individuals, suggesting that maximum age may be underestimated by vertebrae. C. sorrah grew to adult size relatively fast, reaching maturity at 2.3–2.4 years, whereas C. tilstoni grew slower, reaching maturity at 5.2–6.1 years. For both species, however, reproduction did not commence until approximately a year after maturity, at 3.4 years for C. sorrah and 7.2 years for C. tilstoni. The results of the present study suggest that in the GBRWHA, C. tilstoni, in particular, begins reproducing at an older age and lives longer than previously thought.
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detection of interspecies hybridisation in chondrichthyes hybrids and hybrid offspring between australian carcharhinus tilstoni and common c limbatus Blacktip Shark found in an australian fishery
Conservation Genetics, 2012Co-Authors: Jess A. T. Morgan, Andrew J. Tobin, Alastair V. Harry, David Welch, Raewyn Street, William G. Macbeth, Pascal T. Geraghty, James R White, Colin A. SimpfendorferAbstract:Interspecies hybridisation in nature is a well-studied phenomenon, but it has not been analysed using genetic markers in the class Chondrichthyes (Sharks, rays and chimeras). Two black-tip whaler Shark species (Australian, Carcharhinus tilstoni; Common, C. limbatus) have overlapping distributions in Australia, distinct mitochondrial DNA sequence (ND4, COI, control region) and distinct morphological features such as length at sexual maturity, length at birth and number of vertebrae. A mismatch was observed between species identification using mtDNA sequence and species identification using morphological characters. To test whether hybridisation between the two species was responsible, a nuclear gene with species-specific mutations was sequenced. Extensive interspecies hybridisation was found to be occurring. Hybrids were found from five locations on the eastern Australian coastline, spanning 2,000 km. If hybrid fitness is low and hybrids are common, then fisheries recruitment may be overestimated and the productivity of the black-tip Shark fishery may be well below that required to support commercial exploitation. To guard against identification errors, the likelihood of hybridisation and subsequent introgression should be assessed prior to using mtDNA (e.g. barcoding) to identify Shark species. The C. limbatus–C. tilstoni species complex provides a unique opportunity to investigate the ability of Sharks to adapt to environmental change, in particular, the impact of hybridization on species distributions which favour C. tilstoni along the north and C. limbatus along the south eastern Australian coastline.
Jess A. T. Morgan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Life history of the common Blacktip Shark, Carcharhinus limbatus, from central eastern Australia and comparative demography of a cryptic Shark complex
Marine and Freshwater Research, 2019Co-Authors: Alastair V. Harry, Jess A. T. Morgan, Paul A. Butcher, William G. Macbeth, Stephen M. Taylor, Pascal T. GeraghtyAbstract:Common and Australian Blacktip Sharks (Carcharhinus limbatus and Carcharhinus tilstoni) occur sympatrically in Australia, where they are reported as a complex because of their morphological similarities. This study provides the first description of the life history of C. limbatus using samples from central eastern Australia, where C. tilstoni is rare. Females (68–267cm total length (TL); n=183) and males (65–255cm TL; n=292) both matured at 8.3 years and 200cm TL, which exceeds the maximum length of C. tilstoni. Vertebral ageing revealed that female and male C. limbatus lived to 22 and 24 years respectively, exceeding known longevity in C. tilstoni. The mean (±s.d.) intrinsic rate of population increase calculated using a Euler–Lotka demographic method was 0.11±0.02year–1 for C. limbatus, compared with 0.17±0.02 and 0.20±0.03year–1 for two C. tilstoni stocks. Despite their similar appearance, these species differed in both their biological productivity and susceptibility to fishing activities. Monitoring of relative abundance should be a priority given they are likely to have divergent responses to fishing.
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A novel field method to distinguish between cryptic carcharhinid Sharks, Australian Blacktip Shark Carcharhinus tilstoni and common Blacktip Shark C. limbatus, despite the presence of hybrids
Journal of Fish Biology, 2016Co-Authors: Grant Johnson, Rik C. Buckworth, H. Lee, Jess A. T. Morgan, Jennifer R. Ovenden, Clive R. McmahonAbstract:Multivariate and machine-learning methods were used to develop field identification techniques for two species of cryptic Blacktip Shark. From 112 specimens, precaudal vertebrae (PCV) counts and molecular analysis identified 95 Australian Blacktip Sharks Carcharhinus tilstoni and 17 common Blacktip Sharks Carcharhinus limbatus. Molecular analysis also revealed 27 of the 112 were C. tilstoni × C. limbatus hybrids, of which 23 had C. tilstoni PCV counts and four had C. limbatus PCV counts. In the absence of further information about hybrid phenotypes, hybrids were assigned as either C. limbatus or C. tilstoni based on PCV counts. Discriminant analysis achieved 80% successful identification, but machine-learning models were better, achieving 100% successful identification, using six key measurements (fork length, caudal-fin peduncle height, interdorsal space, second dorsal-fin height, pelvic-fin length and pelvic-fin midpoint to first dorsal-fin insertion). Furthermore, pelvic-fin markings could be used for identification: C. limbatus has a distinct black mark >3% of the total pelvic-fin area, while C. tilstoni has markings with diffuse edges, or has smaller or no markings. Machine learning and pelvic-fin marking identification methods were field tested achieving 87 and 90% successful identification, respectively. With further refinement, the techniques developed here will form an important part of a multi-faceted approach to identification of C. tilstoni and C. limbatus and have a clear management and conservation application to these commercially important Sharks. The methods developed here are broadly applicable and can be used to resolve species identities in many fisheries where cryptic species exist.
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detection of interspecies hybridisation in chondrichthyes hybrids and hybrid offspring between australian carcharhinus tilstoni and common c limbatus Blacktip Shark found in an australian fishery
Conservation Genetics, 2012Co-Authors: Jess A. T. Morgan, Andrew J. Tobin, Alastair V. Harry, David Welch, Raewyn Street, William G. Macbeth, Pascal T. Geraghty, James R White, Colin A. SimpfendorferAbstract:Interspecies hybridisation in nature is a well-studied phenomenon, but it has not been analysed using genetic markers in the class Chondrichthyes (Sharks, rays and chimeras). Two black-tip whaler Shark species (Australian, Carcharhinus tilstoni; Common, C. limbatus) have overlapping distributions in Australia, distinct mitochondrial DNA sequence (ND4, COI, control region) and distinct morphological features such as length at sexual maturity, length at birth and number of vertebrae. A mismatch was observed between species identification using mtDNA sequence and species identification using morphological characters. To test whether hybridisation between the two species was responsible, a nuclear gene with species-specific mutations was sequenced. Extensive interspecies hybridisation was found to be occurring. Hybrids were found from five locations on the eastern Australian coastline, spanning 2,000 km. If hybrid fitness is low and hybrids are common, then fisheries recruitment may be overestimated and the productivity of the black-tip Shark fishery may be well below that required to support commercial exploitation. To guard against identification errors, the likelihood of hybridisation and subsequent introgression should be assessed prior to using mtDNA (e.g. barcoding) to identify Shark species. The C. limbatus–C. tilstoni species complex provides a unique opportunity to investigate the ability of Sharks to adapt to environmental change, in particular, the impact of hybridization on species distributions which favour C. tilstoni along the north and C. limbatus along the south eastern Australian coastline.
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A mitochondrial species identification assay for Australian Blacktip Sharks (Carcharhinus tilstoni, C. limbatus and C. amblyrhynchoides) using real-time PCR and high-resolution melt analysis
Molecular Ecology Resources, 2011Co-Authors: Jess A. T. Morgan, Damien Broderick, David Welch, Alistair V. Harry, Raewyn Street, Jennifer R. OvendenAbstract:Tropical Australian Shark fisheries target two morphologically indistinguishable Blacktip Sharks, the Australian Blacktip (Carcharhinus tilstoni) and the common Blacktip (C. limbatus). Their relative contributions to northern and eastern Australian coastal fisheries are unclear because of species identification difficulties. The two species differ in their number of precaudal vertebrae, which is difficult and time consuming to obtain in the field. But, the two species can be distinguished genetically with diagnostic mutations in their mitochondrial DNA ND4 gene. A third closely related sister species, the graceful Shark C. amblyrhynchoides, can also be distinguished by species-specific mutations in this gene. DNA sequencing is an effective diagnostic tool, but is relatively expensive and time consuming. In contrast, real-time high-resolution melt (HRM) PCR assays are rapid and relatively inexpensive. These assays amplify regions of DNA with species-specific genetic mutations that result in PCR products with unique melt profiles. A real-time HRM PCR species-diagnostic assay (RT-HRM-PCR) has been developed based on the mtDNA ND4 gene for rapid typing of C. tilstoni, C. limbatus and C. amblyrhynchoides. The assay was developed using ND4 sequences from 66 C. tilstoni, 33. C. limbatus and five C. amblyrhynchoides collected from Indonesia and Australian states and territories; Western Australia, the Northern Territory, Queensland and New South Wales. The assay was shown to be 100% accurate on 160 unknown Blacktip Shark tissue samples by full mtDNA ND4 sequencing.
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towards better management of australia s Shark fishery genetic analyses reveal unexpected ratios of cryptic Blacktip species carcharhinus tilstoni and c limbatus
Marine and Freshwater Research, 2010Co-Authors: Jennifer R. Ovenden, Jess A. T. Morgan, Tom Kashiwagi, Damien Broderick, J. P. SaliniAbstract:The common Blacktip Shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) and the Australian Blacktip Shark (C. tilstoni) are morphologically similar species that co-occur in subtropical and tropical Australia. In striking contrast to what has been previously reported, we demonstrate that the common Blacktip Shark is not rare in northern Australia but occurs in approximately equal frequencies with the Australian Blacktip Shark. Management of Shark resources in northern Australia needs to take account of this new information. Species identification was performed using nucleotide sequences of the control, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) and cytochrome oxidase I (COI) regions in the mitochondrial genome. The proportion of overall genetic variation (FST) between the two species was small (0.042, P < 0.01) based on allele frequencies at five microsatellite loci. We confirm that a third Blacktip species (C. amblyrhynchoides, graceful Shark) is closely related to C. tilstoni and C. limbatus and can be distinguished from them on the basis of mtDNA sequences from two gene regions. The Australian Blacktip Shark (C. tilstoni) was not encountered among 20 samples from central Indonesia that were later confirmed to be common Blacktip and graceful Sharks. Fisheries regulators urgently need new information on life history, population structure and morphological characters for species identification of Blacktip Shark species in Australia.
Edward J Heist - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Worldwide phylogeography of the Blacktip Shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) inferred from mitochondrial DNA reveals isolation of western Atlantic populations coupled with recent Pacific dispersal
Molecular Ecology, 2006Co-Authors: D B Keeney, Edward J HeistAbstract:Although many coastal Shark species have widespread distributions, the genetic relatedness of worldwide populations has been examined for few species. The Blacktip Shark, (Carcharhinus limbatus), inhabits tropical and subtropical coastal waters throughout the world. In this study, we examined the genetic relationships of Blacktip Shark populations (n = 364 Sharks) throughout the majority of the species' range using the entire mitochondrial control region (1067-1070 nucleotides). Two geographically distinct maternal lineages (western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea clades, and eastern Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Ocean clades) were identified and shallow population structure was detected throughout their geographic ranges. These findings indicate that a major population subdivision exists across the Atlantic Ocean, but not the Pacific Ocean. The historical dispersal of this widespread, coastal species may have been interrupted by the rise of the Isthmus of Panama. This scenario implies historical dispersal across the Pacific Ocean (supported by the recovery of the same common haplotype from the Philippines, Hawaii, and the Gulf of California reflecting recent/contemporary dispersal abilities) and an oceanic barrier to recent migration across the Atlantic. Genetic structure within the eastern Atlantic/Indo-Pacific (Phi(ST) = 0.612, P < 0.001) supports maternal philopatry throughout this area, expanding previous western Atlantic findings. Eastern Atlantic/Indo-Pacific C. limbatus control region haplotypes were paraphyletic to Carcharhinus tilstoni haplotypes in our maximum-parsimony analysis. The greater divergence of western Atlantic C. limbatus than C. tilstoni from eastern Atlantic/Indo-Pacific C. limbatus reflects the taxonomic uncertainty of western Atlantic C. limbatus.
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Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA analyses of the genetic structure of Blacktip Shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) nurseries in the northwestern Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea.
Molecular Ecology, 2005Co-Authors: D B Keeney, Robert E. Hueter, Michelle R Heupel, Edward J HeistAbstract:We investigated the genetic structure of Blacktip Shark ( Carcharhinus limbatus ) continental nurseries in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea using mitochondrial DNA control region sequences and eight nuclear microsatellite loci scored in neonate and young-of-the-year Sharks. Significant structure was detected with both markers among nine nurseries (mitochondrial Φ ST = 0.350, P < 0.001; nuclear Φ ST = 0.007, P < 0.001) and Sharks from the northwestern Atlantic, eastern Gulf of Mexico, western Gulf of Mexico, northern Yucatan, and Belize possessed significantly different mitochondrial DNA haplotype frequencies. Microsatellite differentiation was limited to comparisons involving northern Yucatan and Belize Sharks with nuclear genetic homogeneity throughout the eastern Gulf of Mexico, western Gulf of Mexico, and northwestern Atlantic. Differences in the magnitude of maternal vs. biparental genetic differentiation support female philopatry to northwestern Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea natal nursery regions with higher levels of male-mediated gene flow. Philopatry has produced multiple reproductive stocks of this commercially important Shark species throughout the range of this study.
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characterization of microsatellite loci isolated from the Blacktip Shark and their utility in requiem and hammerhead Sharks
Molecular Ecology Notes, 2003Co-Authors: Devon B Keeney, Edward J HeistAbstract:We isolated and characterized 16 microsatellite loci from the Blacktip Shark, Carcharhinus limbatus, and tested cross-species amplification in 11 Carcharhinus species and five additional Shark genera. Thirty-six (1.6%) and 180 (48%) colonies were positive for dinucleotide repeat motifs from unenriched and enriched libraries, respectively. Heterozygosities of polymorphic loci ranged from 0.04 to 0.96 with two to 22 alleles per locus. Amplification products were observed at nine to 13 loci (five to 11 of which where polymorphic) in 10 Carcharhinus species. Several loci were also polymorphic in each of the additional genera examined.
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genetic heterogeneity among Blacktip Shark carcharhinus limbatus continental nurseries along the u s atlantic and gulf of mexico
Marine Biology, 2003Co-Authors: D B Keeney, Robert E. Hueter, Michelle R Heupel, Edward J HeistAbstract:Genetic population structure of the Blacktip Shark, Carcharhinus limbatus, a commercially and recreationally important species in the southeast U.S. Shark fishery, was investigated using mitochondrial DNA control region sequences. Neonate Blacktip Sharks were sampled from three nurseries, Pine Island Sound, Terra Ceia Bay, and Yankeetown, along the Gulf of Mexico coast of Florida (Gulf) and one nursery, Bulls Bay, on the Atlantic Ocean coast of South Carolina (Atlantic). Sequencing of the complete mitochondrial control region of 169 neonates revealed 10 polymorphic sites and 13 haplotypes. Overall haplotype diversity and percent nucleotide diversity were 0.710 and 0.106%, respectively. Haplotype frequencies were compared among nurseries to determine if the high mobility and seasonal migrations of adult Blacktip Sharks have maintained genetic homogeneity among nurseries in the Atlantic and Gulf. Chi-square analysis and AMOVA did not detect significant structuring of haplotypes among the three Gulf nurseries, P(χ2)=0.294, ΦST=−0.005 to −0.002. All pairwise AMOVA between Gulf nurseries and the Atlantic nursery detected significant partitioning of haplotypes between the Gulf and Atlantic (ΦST=0.087–0.129, P<0.008), as did comparison between grouped Florida Gulf nurseries and the Atlantic, ΦCT=0.090, P<0.001. Based upon the dispersal abilities and seasonal migrations of Blacktip Sharks, these results support the presence of philopatry for nursery areas among female Blacktip Sharks. Our data also support the treatment of Atlantic and Gulf Blacktip Shark nursery areas as separate management units.
Phanat Kittiphattanabawon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme, human LDL cholesterol and DNA oxidation by hydrolysates from Blacktip Shark gelatin
LWT - Food Science and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Phanat Kittiphattanabawon, Wonnop Visessanguan, Soottawat Benjakul, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:Abstract Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), human LDL cholesterol and DNA oxidation by hydrolysates from Blacktip Shark gelatin prepared using papaya latex enzyme with different degrees of hydrolysis (DH of 10, 20, 30 and 40%) were evaluated. ACE-inhibitory activity of hydrolysate increased as the DH increased ( P −1 inhibited LDL cholesterol oxidation by 8.32–39.21%. Additionally, gelatin hydrolysate with DH of 40% effectively inhibited hydroxyl and peroxyl radical-induced DNA scission. Therefore, gelatin hydrolysate from Blacktip Shark skin with DH of 40% could serve as a potential source of functional food ingredient for health promotion.
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gelatin hydrolysate from Blacktip Shark skin prepared using papaya latex enzyme antioxidant activity and its potential in model systems
Food Chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Phanat Kittiphattanabawon, Wonnop Visessanguan, Soottawat Benjakul, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:Abstract Antioxidant activities of gelatin hydrolysates from Blacktip Shark skin prepared using papaya latex enzyme with different degrees of hydrolysis (DHs: 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) were evaluated. All antioxidant activity indices of hydrolysates increased with increasing DH ( P
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Effect of Extraction Temperature on Functional Properties and Antioxidative Activities of Gelatin from Shark Skin
Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Phanat Kittiphattanabawon, Wonnop Visessanguan, Soottawat Benjakul, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:Physico-chemical properties, functional properties, and antioxidative acitivities of gelatin from the skins of brownbanded bamboo Shark (BBS; Chiloscyllium punctatum ) and Blacktip Shark (BTS; Carcharhinus limbatus ), as affected by extraction temperature, were investigated. α-Amino acid group content and surface hydrophobicity of both gelatins from both species increased as the extraction temperature increased ( P
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cryoprotective effect of gelatin hydrolysate from Blacktip Shark skin on surimi subjected to different freeze thaw cycles
Lwt - Food Science and Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Phanat Kittiphattanabawon, Wonnop Visessanguan, Soottawat Benjakul, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:Abstract The cryoprotective effects of gelatin hydrolysate from Blacktip Shark ( Carcharhinus limbatus ) skin with different degrees of hydrolysis (DHs:5, 10, 20 and 30%) and commercial cryoprotectant (sucrose/sorbitol blend, 3:1) on surimi from threadfin bream ( Nemipterus spp.) subjected to 3 and 6 freeze-thaw cycles were investigated. Ca 2+ -ATPase, total sulfhydryl group content and solubility of all natural actomyosin (NAM) extracted from surimi decreased with increasing freeze-thaw cycles, while surface hydrophobicity and disulfide bond content increased ( P 2+ -ATPase activity with the coincidental lowest surface hydrophobicity was observed in surimi added with gelatin hydrolysate having 10%DH after repeated freeze-thawing ( P 2+ -ATPase and the highest surface hydrophobicity ( P P > 0.05). The results suggest that gelatin hydrolysate with 10%DH was able to prevent the denaturation of surimi protein comparably to commercial cryoprotectant. However, it exhibited the higher protective effect on denaturation of myosin heavy chain, especially globular head domain. Therefore, gelatin hydrolysate can be an alternative cryoprotectant with the lower sweetness in surimi products.
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Effect of Extraction Temperature on Functional Properties and Antioxidative Activities of Gelatin from Shark Skin
Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Phanat Kittiphattanabawon, Wonnop Visessanguan, Soottawat Benjakul, Fereidoon ShahidiAbstract:Physico-chemical properties, functional properties, and antioxidative acitivities of gelatin from the skins of brownbanded bamboo Shark (BBS; Chiloscyllium punctatum) and Blacktip Shark (BTS; Carcharhinus limbatus), as affected by extraction temperature, were investigated. α-Amino acid group content and surface hydrophobicity of both gelatins from both species increased as the extraction temperature increased (P < 0.05). Both gelatins had a high solubility (more than 80%) in a wide pH range (1–10). Both gelatins extracted at 60 °C exhibited the highest emulsion activity index (EAI), emulsion stability index (ESI) and foam expansion (FE). The lowest foam stability (FS) was obtained when gelatin was extracted at 75 °C (P < 0.05). The BBS gelatin had lower EAI, ESI, and FE than did BTS gelatin. Nevertheless, a higher FS was found in the former (P < 0.05). Antioxidative activities of both gelatins increased with coincidental increase in α-amino group content as the extraction temperature increased (P < 0.05). The BTS gelatin generally exhibited the higher antioxidative activities, compared with the BBS gelatin (P < 0.05). Gelatin extracted at 60 °C showed the highest interfacial properties, while those extracted at higher temperature (75 °C) had enhanced antioxidative activities. Extraction temperature may therefore be regulated to maximize applications.