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Nicolas Nagot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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early glucose and methylene blue are effective against unripe ackee apple Blighia sapida poisoning in mice
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2004Co-Authors: Hubert Barennes, Innocent Valea, A.m. Boudat, Jeffrey R. Idle, Nicolas NagotAbstract:The ingestion of unripe ackee fruit (Blighia sapida) is responsible for lethal epidemic encephalopathy in West Africa and the Caribbean. The treatment of ackee poisoning remains empirical and lethality was 100% in a recent epidemic in Burkina Faso. Because ackee poisoning has certain biochemical similarities to ifosfamide encephalopathy, we evaluated the efficacy of methylene blue (MB) and glucose (G), alone and in combination (MB+G) in mice, as a treatment for ackee poisoning. MB administration showed some efficacy towards early mortality (P=0.07) but not to late mortality. No deaths were observed when 8 mg/kg MB was administrated within 1h of the ackee poisoning. The treatment was ineffective if given 6h or later after poisoning. Survival in G and G+MB groups was higher than in MB group (75% and 25% respectively) (P=0.008, R=2.0, 1.14
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Early glucose and methylene blue are effective against unripe ackee apple (Blighia sapida) poisoning in mice
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2004Co-Authors: Hubert Barennes, Innocent Valea, A.m. Boudat, Jeffrey R. Idle, Nicolas NagotAbstract:The ingestion of unripe ackee fruit (Blighia sapida) is responsible for lethal epidemic encephalopathy in West Africa and the Caribbean. The treatment of ackee poisoning remains empirical and lethality was 100% in a recent epidemic in Burkina Faso. Because ackee poisoning has certain biochemical similarities to ifosfamide encephalopathy, we evaluated the efficacy of methylene blue (MB) and glucose (G), alone and in combination (MB+G) in mice, as a treatment for ackee poisoning. MB administration showed some efficacy towards early mortality (P=0.07) but not to late mortality. No deaths were observed when 8 mg/kg MB was administrated within 1h of the ackee poisoning. The treatment was ineffective if given 6h or later after poisoning. Survival in G and G+MB groups was higher than in MB group (75% and 25% respectively) (P=0.008, R=2.0, 1.14
Hubert Barennes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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early glucose and methylene blue are effective against unripe ackee apple Blighia sapida poisoning in mice
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2004Co-Authors: Hubert Barennes, Innocent Valea, A.m. Boudat, Jeffrey R. Idle, Nicolas NagotAbstract:The ingestion of unripe ackee fruit (Blighia sapida) is responsible for lethal epidemic encephalopathy in West Africa and the Caribbean. The treatment of ackee poisoning remains empirical and lethality was 100% in a recent epidemic in Burkina Faso. Because ackee poisoning has certain biochemical similarities to ifosfamide encephalopathy, we evaluated the efficacy of methylene blue (MB) and glucose (G), alone and in combination (MB+G) in mice, as a treatment for ackee poisoning. MB administration showed some efficacy towards early mortality (P=0.07) but not to late mortality. No deaths were observed when 8 mg/kg MB was administrated within 1h of the ackee poisoning. The treatment was ineffective if given 6h or later after poisoning. Survival in G and G+MB groups was higher than in MB group (75% and 25% respectively) (P=0.008, R=2.0, 1.14
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Early glucose and methylene blue are effective against unripe ackee apple (Blighia sapida) poisoning in mice
Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2004Co-Authors: Hubert Barennes, Innocent Valea, A.m. Boudat, Jeffrey R. Idle, Nicolas NagotAbstract:The ingestion of unripe ackee fruit (Blighia sapida) is responsible for lethal epidemic encephalopathy in West Africa and the Caribbean. The treatment of ackee poisoning remains empirical and lethality was 100% in a recent epidemic in Burkina Faso. Because ackee poisoning has certain biochemical similarities to ifosfamide encephalopathy, we evaluated the efficacy of methylene blue (MB) and glucose (G), alone and in combination (MB+G) in mice, as a treatment for ackee poisoning. MB administration showed some efficacy towards early mortality (P=0.07) but not to late mortality. No deaths were observed when 8 mg/kg MB was administrated within 1h of the ackee poisoning. The treatment was ineffective if given 6h or later after poisoning. Survival in G and G+MB groups was higher than in MB group (75% and 25% respectively) (P=0.008, R=2.0, 1.14
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Epidemic of fatal encephalopathy in preschool children in Burkina Faso and consumption of unripe ackee (Blighia sapida) fruit.
Lancet (London England), 1999Co-Authors: Honoré A Meda, Hubert Barennes, Boukary Diallo, Jean-pierre Buchet, Dominique Lison, A Ouangre, Moussa Sanou, Simon Cousens, François Tall, Philippe Van De PerreAbstract:Background On March 21, 1998, the Regional Health Authority of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, asked the Centre Muraz to investigate an unexplained outbreak of epidemic fatal encephalopathy (EFE). We aimed to identify the cause of this epidemic. Methods We identified cases retrospectively through review of hearth-service records and interviews of family members, village chiefs, and local heaters. Active surveillance was started in administrative divisions within the study area in April, 1998, to identify further EFE-cases. We did a case-control study of households to investigate the risk from various environmental and health factors. Blood and urine samples were collected if possible and urine dicarboxylic acid concentrations measured by gas chromatography. Findings 29 cases of EFE were identified from January to May, 1998. Estimated age-specific attack rates (2-6 years) ranged from 31 to 847 per 100000 population (p < 0.001). The most common symptoms were hypotonia, vomiting, convulsions, and coma. Ali children died in 2-48 h. The only factor associated with EFE was the presence of ackee trees (Blighia sapida) within 100 m of households (odds ratio 5.1 [95% CI 1.8-14.7] p = 0.001). Poisoning with unripe ackee fruits was suggested by urine concentrations of dicarboxylic acids four to 200 times higher in cases (n = 2) than in controls (n = 3). Conclusion Consumption of unripe ackee fruit probably caused this epidemic and may lead to a substantial number of unexplained deaths in preschool children in west Africa every year. Educational campaigns have the potential to prevent these deaths.
Solomon Umukoro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity effects of acute and sub-acute oral administration of unripe ackee (Blighia sapida) fruit extract.
Toxicology reports, 2019Co-Authors: Abayomi M. Ajayi, Emmanuel Oluseun Ayodele, Benneth Ben-azu, Adegbuyi Oladele Aderibigbe, Solomon UmukoroAbstract:Abstract Ackee (Blighia sapida) is a commonly eaten fruit that is indigenous to West Africa and Jamaica. Ackee poisoning in young children have been reported in parts of Nigeria due to consumption of the unripe fruits. This study was designed to identify potential mechanisms of acute and sub-acute toxicity of unripe B. sapida fruit extract (BSE). Acute toxic effect was investigated in mice of either sex administered BSE 2000 mg/kg. The sub-acute toxicity effects were investigated in mice of either sex that received 28 days repeated administration of BSE (100 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.). Locomotor activity and memory performance were measured as well as seizure vulnerability in PTZ-induced model. Liver enzymes were assessed in the serum. Acetylcholinesterase, oxidative stress parameters and histopathological changes were assessed in the brain and liver tissues. Signs and symptoms of toxicity such as urination, tremor, depressed locomotion and death were observed in acute toxicity test. Sub-acute dosing caused significant impairment in locomotor activity and memory performance in mice. Seizure threshold was shortened in BSE-treated compared to control mice. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity was significantly increased. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was significantly elevated in mice that received BSE (500 mg/kg). Furthermore, BSE caused significant increase in oxidative stress expressed in nitrite, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and catalase in the brain and liver tissues. Histological staining revealed neuronal damage of brain hippocampus and hepatocellular swelling and necrosis. Blighia sapida unripe fruit extract increased susceptibility to seizure and impaired locomotor and memory function. The biochemical and histopathological findings revealed potential toxicity mechanisms related to neurotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.
M H Ahmad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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somatic embryogenesis from leaf and zygotic embryo explants of Blighia sapida cheese ackee
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology – Plant, 2006Co-Authors: S A Webster, Sylvia Mitchell, Walton Reid, M H AhmadAbstract:This study investigated factors affecting the production of somatic embryos in Blighia sapida (ackee). Explants obtained from fully expanded leaves or cotyledons of immature zygotic embryos excised from brown (BSCZE) or green seeds (GSCZE) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 9, 18 and 36μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4.4 or 22.1 μM benzylaminopurine (BAP) or 0.2–19.9 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). Leaf explants grown on media supplemented with the different combinations of 2,4-D and BAP formed callus, but they were non-embryogenic, while explants were not responsive on TDZ-supplemented media. GSCZE explants grown in the presence of 2,4-D/BAP combinations of 9/4.4, 18/4.4 or 36/4.4 μM formed non-embryogenic callus profusely, but explants gave rise to organized globular protuberances (GPs) and non-embryogenic callus on media containing TDZ, with the best concentration at 0.4 μM. BSCZE explants grown on TDZ-supplemented media also formed callus, but no GPs were detected. When GPs were cultured on media containing TDZ and abscisic acid they (ABA), gave rise to the highest number of somatic embryos. The medium was also beneficial for the development of somatic embryos from the globular to cotyledonary stage.
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Somatic embryogenesis from leaf and zygotic embryo explants of Blighia sapida ‘Cheese’ ackee
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 2006Co-Authors: S A Webster, S. A. Mitchell, W. A. Reid, M H AhmadAbstract:This study investigated factors affecting the production of somatic embryos in Blighia sapida (ackee). Explants obtained from fully expanded leaves or cotyledons of immature zygotic embryos excised from brown (BSCZE) or green seeds (GSCZE) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 9, 18 and 36μ M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4.4 or 22.1 μ M benzylaminopurine (BAP) or 0.2–19.9 μ M thidiazuron (TDZ). Leaf explants grown on media supplemented with the different combinations of 2,4-D and BAP formed callus, but they were non-embryogenic, while explants were not responsive on TDZ-supplemented media. GSCZE explants grown in the presence of 2,4-D/BAP combinations of 9/4.4, 18/4.4 or 36/4.4 μ M formed non-embryogenic callus profusely, but explants gave rise to organized globular protuberances (GPs) and non-embryogenic callus on media containing TDZ, with the best concentration at 0.4 μ M . BSCZE explants grown on TDZ-supplemented media also formed callus, but no GPs were detected. When GPs were cultured on media containing TDZ and abscisic acid they (ABA), gave rise to the highest number of somatic embryos. The medium was also beneficial for the development of somatic embryos from the globular to cotyledonary stage.
Kati-coulibaly Séraphin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Impact of Blighia sapida (k. Koenig) aril consumption on viscera and their functionalities
Open Science Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Ouattara Howélé, Kamagate Soualio, Kokore Angoua Baudoin, Kati-coulibaly SéraphinAbstract:The aim of this study was to understand the effects of Blighia sapida aril consumption on viscera and their functionalities. For this instance, quantities of arils were cooked (500 g/l) and lyophilize. Six homogeneous groups of young rats were fed ad libitum with six different diets which can be distinguished by the level of Blighia sapida aril powder put in the diet formulate. There were control diet (0% Blighia sapida arils powder), Bs1 (6.25% Blighia sapida arils powder), Bs2 (12.5% Blighia sapida arils powder), Bs3 (25% Blighia sapida arils powder), Bs4 (50% Blighia sapida arils powder) and Bs5 (75% Blighia sapida arils powder). At the end of the experimentation, blood samples were collected and were used for analyses of plasmatic bilirubin content. After sacrificed the experimental rats, stomach, liver, kidney, heart and lung were removed and weighted. These organs were processed for histopathological studies. There were no different variation (p>0.05) of bilirubin content between rats which received control diet and those which received the experimental diets. Organs weight of rats fed with diets Bs1, Bs2 and diet Bs3 were not globally different (p>0.05) compare to those of the control diet while organs weight of rats fed with diets Bs4 and Bs5 were globally reduced (p
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impact of Blighia sapida k koenig aril consumption on viscera and their functionalities
Open Science Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Ouattara Howélé, Kamagate Soualio, Kokore Angoua Baudoin, Kati-coulibaly SéraphinAbstract:The aim of this study was to understand the effects of Blighia sapida aril consumption on viscera and their functionalities. For this instance, quantities of arils were cooked (500 g/l) and lyophilize. Six homogeneous groups of young rats were fed ad libitum with six different diets which can be distinguished by the level of Blighia sapida aril powder put in the diet formulate. There were control diet (0% Blighia sapida arils powder), Bs1 (6.25% Blighia sapida arils powder), Bs2 (12.5% Blighia sapida arils powder), Bs3 (25% Blighia sapida arils powder), Bs4 (50% Blighia sapida arils powder) and Bs5 (75% Blighia sapida arils powder). At the end of the experimentation, blood samples were collected and were used for analyses of plasmatic bilirubin content. After sacrificed the experimental rats, stomach, liver, kidney, heart and lung were removed and weighted. These organs were processed for histopathological studies. There were no different variation (p>0.05) of bilirubin content between rats which received control diet and those which received the experimental diets. Organs weight of rats fed with diets Bs1, Bs2 and diet Bs3 were not globally different (p>0.05) compare to those of the control diet while organs weight of rats fed with diets Bs4 and Bs5 were globally reduced (p<0.05). No pathologies on viscera were observed when Blighia sapida aril powder is consumed with moderation (under a value of 50 % of nutrition value need). But, when consumed with exaggeration it provokes lipid nephrosis lesions on kidneys cells and necrosis on hepatic parenchyma. We can notice that Blighia sapida aril is rich nutritiously but it must be consumed with moderation in order to avoid pathologies on viscera.
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cote d ivoire Blighia sapida aril oil composition and efficacy on rat s compared with palm oil and olive oil
Journal of Field Robotics, 2017Co-Authors: Ouattara Howélé, Toure Abdoulaye, Meite Alassane, Kati-coulibaly SéraphinAbstract:The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the composition of Blighia sapida aril oil from Cote d’Ivoire and to compare its effects in diet to that of refined palm oil and olive oil. A quantity of dried Blighia sapida arils was ground to fine powder. Oil extracted from the powder was filtered and characterized. After that, three experimental diets differed by the type of oil which were mixed with the food ( Blighia sapida aril oil or refined palm oil or olive oil) were prepared. Three groups of young rats (six per group) were fed ad libitum with the different diets during 28 days. At the end of the experimentation, food intake, body weight and alimentary efficacy coefficient were measured and compared. Chemicals analyze of the oil showed that it is oleic/palmitic/stearic oil. It contains low polyunsaturated fatty acids. The ratio of n-6/n-3 is 9.50 and the ratio unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid is 1.6. Food intake of the different group of rats was not significantly different (p>0.05) whatever the kind of oil in the diet. Body weight and alimentary efficacy coefficient obtained on rats fed with diet containing Blighia sapida aril oil were not significantly different (p>0.05) to that of rat’s which consumed diet containing palm oil.However, body weight and alimentary efficacy coefficient in case of olive oil consumption were high (p<0.05) than those obtained with consumption of Blighia sapida aril oil or palm oil. Blighia sapida aril oil and refined palm oil have practically the same nutritional value in alimentation while olive oil has more nutritional value.Refined Blighia sapida aril oil can enhance it nutritional value.
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Cote d’Ivoire Blighia sapida Aril Oil Composition and Efficacy on Rat’s compared with Palm Oil and Olive Oil
Journal of Food Research, 2017Co-Authors: Ouattara Howélé, Toure Abdoulaye, Meite Alassane, Kati-coulibaly SéraphinAbstract:The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the composition of Blighia sapida aril oil from Cote d’Ivoire and to compare its effects in diet to that of refined palm oil and olive oil. A quantity of dried Blighia sapida arils was ground to fine powder. Oil extracted from the powder was filtered and characterized. After that, three experimental diets differed by the type of oil which were mixed with the food ( Blighia sapida aril oil or refined palm oil or olive oil) were prepared. Three groups of young rats (six per group) were fed ad libitum with the different diets during 28 days. At the end of the experimentation, food intake, body weight and alimentary efficacy coefficient were measured and compared. Chemicals analyze of the oil showed that it is oleic/palmitic/stearic oil. It contains low polyunsaturated fatty acids. The ratio of n-6/n-3 is 9.50 and the ratio unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid is 1.6. Food intake of the different group of rats was not significantly different (p>0.05) whatever the kind of oil in the diet. Body weight and alimentary efficacy coefficient obtained on rats fed with diet containing Blighia sapida aril oil were not significantly different (p>0.05) to that of rat’s which consumed diet containing palm oil.However, body weight and alimentary efficacy coefficient in case of olive oil consumption were high (p
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Nutritional composition studies of sun dried Blighia sapida (k. koenig) aril from Côte d'Ivoire.
Journal of Applied Biosciences, 2010Co-Authors: Ouattara Howélé, Niamké Bobelé, Dally Theodor, Kati-coulibaly SéraphinAbstract:Objective: To determine the nutritional composition of Blighia sapida (ackee) aril dried on the sun and the physico-chemical characteristics of the oil extracted from this aril. Methodology and Result: 1 Kg of Blighia sapida fresh aril collected in Cote d’Ivoire (Northern Cote d’Ivoire) was used. The aril was exposed to the sunlight for 2 weeks, 6 hours a day. The dry aril was ground and samples were used to determine the proportions of nutriments and the physico-chemical properties of oil extracted from this dry aril. G-test (Log likelihood ratio) was used to make comparison. The proximate composition showed crude fat to be (45.32%), the highest followed by carbohydrate (24.43%). Protein content (11.99%) was important but was less than that recommended for human diet. They were several kinds of minerals in the ash of the aril. Iodine value was less than 100. Saponification value was comparable to saponification value of some oils used to make soap. Conclusions and application of findings: The result of this study showed that Blighia sapida aril dried on the sun is rich nutritiously. Its high oil and carbohydrate content indicated that it could serve as food. But the protein content which is lower than what has been recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organisation showed that it could be better to add another source of protein in a diet based on aril. The physico-chemical properties of oil extracted from this dried aril indicated that, it contains low unsaturated fatty acid, it has a low deteriorating rate and can therefore be store for a relatively long time. It is a non drying oil, edible and may be suitable for soap making. It can also serve to make margarine. Key word: Blighia sapida , aril, nutritional value, oil, physico-chemical properties.