The Experts below are selected from a list of 276 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Jennifer L. Pluznick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Gut Microbial Metabolites and Blood Pressure Regulation: Focus on SCFAs and TMAO
    Physiology (Bethesda Md.), 2020
    Co-Authors: Brian G. Poll, Muhammad Umar Cheema, Jennifer L. Pluznick
    Abstract:

    Shifts in the gut microbiome play a key role in Blood Pressure Regulation, and changes in the production of gut microbial metabolites are likely to be a key mechanism. Known gut microbial metabolites include short-chain fatty acids, which can signal via G-protein-coupled receptors, and trimethylamine-N oxide. In this review, we provide an overview of gut microbial metabolites documented thus far to play a role in Blood Pressure Regulation.

  • Microbial Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Blood Pressure Regulation
    Current hypertension reports, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jennifer L. Pluznick
    Abstract:

    Purpose of Review Microbial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are byproducts of microbial metabolism which can be absorbed into the Bloodstream of the host, where they exert effects on host physiology. SCFAs have been known to influence several aspects of host physiology, including the Regulation of Blood Pressure. In this review, we will consider recent studies linking SCFAs to Blood Pressure Regulation.

  • Microbial Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Blood Pressure Regulation
    Current Hypertension Reports, 2017
    Co-Authors: Jennifer L. Pluznick
    Abstract:

    Purpose of Review Microbial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are byproducts of microbial metabolism which can be absorbed into the Bloodstream of the host, where they exert effects on host physiology. SCFAs have been known to influence several aspects of host physiology, including the Regulation of Blood Pressure. In this review, we will consider recent studies linking SCFAs to Blood Pressure Regulation. Recent Findings Several recent studies have found that changes in Blood Pressure often coordinate with expected changes in SCFAS. Efforts are now well underway to dissect and better understand this potential connection. One way that SCFAs can influence host cells is by interacting with host GPCRs, including Gpr41 and Olfr78, among others. Intriguingly, mice null for Olfr78 are hypotensive, whereas mice null for Gpr41 are hypertensive, implying that these pathways may be physiologically important links between SCFAs and host Blood Pressure control. Summary In sum, these studies demonstrate that there does indeed appear to be a link between SCFAs and Blood Pressure, which likely involves host GPCRs, at least in part; however, the details and intricacies of these interactions are not yet fully understood and will greatly benefit from further studies.

  • A novel SCFA receptor, the microbiota, and Blood Pressure Regulation
    Gut microbes, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jennifer L. Pluznick
    Abstract:

    The maintenance of Blood Pressure homeostasis is a complex process which is carefully regulated by a variety of inputs. We recently identified two sensory receptors (Olfactory receptor 78 and G protein couple receptor 41) as novel regulators of Blood Pressure. Both Olfr78 and Gpr41 are receptors for short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and we showed that propionate (a SCFA) modifies Blood Pressure in a manner which is differentially modulated by the absence of either Olfr78 or Gpr41. In addition, propionate modifies renin release in an Olfr78-dependent manner. Our study also demonstrated that antibiotic treatment modulates Blood Pressure in Olfr78 null mice, indicating that SCFAs produced by the gut microbiota likely influence Blood Pressure Regulation. In this addendum, we summarize the findings of our recent study and provide a perspective on the implications of the interactions between the gut microbiota and Blood Pressure control.

  • Renal and cardiovascular sensory receptors and Blood Pressure Regulation
    American journal of physiology. Renal physiology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jennifer L. Pluznick
    Abstract:

    Studies over the past decade have highlighted important roles played by sensory receptors outside of traditionally sensory tissues; for example, taste receptors participate in pH sensing in the cerebrospinal fluid, bitter taste receptors mediate bronchodilation and ciliary beating in the lung (Deshpande DA, Wang WC, McIlmoyle EL, Robinett KS, Schillinger RM, An SS, Sham JS, Liggett SB. Nat Med 16: 1299-1304, 2010; Shah AS, Ben-Shahar Y, Moninger TO, Kline JN, Welsh MJ. Science 325: 1131-1134, 2009), and olfactory receptors play roles in both sperm chemotaxis and muscle cell migration (Griffin CA, Kafadar KA, Pavlath GK. Cell 17: 649-661, 2009). More recently, several studies have shown that sensory receptors also play important roles in the Regulation of Blood Pressure. This review will focus on several recent studies examining the roles that sensory receptors play in Blood Pressure Regulation, with an emphasis on three pathways: the adenylate cyclase 3 (AC3) pathway, the Gpr91-succinate signaling pathway, and the Olfr78/Gpr41 short-chain fatty acid signaling pathway. Together, these pathways demonstrate that sensory receptors play important roles in mediating Blood Pressure control and that Blood Pressure Regulation is coupled to the metabolism of the host as well as the metabolism of the gut microbiota.

Anita T. Layton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Sex-specific computational models for Blood Pressure Regulation in the rat.
    American journal of physiology. Renal physiology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Sameed Ahmed, Anita T. Layton
    Abstract:

    In the past decades, substantial effort has been devoted to the development of computational models of the cardiovascular system. Some of these models simulate Blood Pressure Regulation in humans and include components of the circulatory, renal, and neurohormonal systems. Although such human models are intended to have clinical value in that they can be used to assess the effects and reveal mechanisms of hypertensive therapeutic treatments, rodent models would be more useful in assisting the interpretation of animal experiments. Also, despite well-known sexual dimorphism in Blood Pressure Regulation, almost all published models are gender neutral. Given these observations, the goal of this project is to develop the first computational models of Blood Pressure Regulation for male and female rats. The resulting sex-specific models represent the interplay among cardiovascular function, renal hemodynamics, and kidney function in the rat; they also include the actions of the renal sympathetic nerve activity and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as well as physiological sex differences. We explore mechanisms responsible for Blood Pressure and renal autoRegulation and notable sexual dimorphism. Model simulations suggest that fluid and sodium handling in the kidney of female rats, which differs significantly from males, may contribute to their observed lower salt sensitivity as compared with males. Additionally, model simulations highlight sodium handling in the kidney and renal sympathetic nerve activity sensitivity as key players in the increased resistance of females to angiotensin II-induced hypertension as compared with males.

  • Sex-specific long-term Blood Pressure Regulation: Modeling and analysis
    Computers in biology and medicine, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jessica Leete, Anita T. Layton
    Abstract:

    Abstract Hypertension is a global health challenge: it affects one billion people worldwide and is estimated to account for > 60 % of all cases or types of cardiovascular disease. In part because sex differences in Blood Pressure Regulation mechanisms are not sufficiently well understood, fewer hypertensive women achieve Blood Pressure control compared to men, even though compliance and treatment rates are generally higher in women. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify which factors contribute to the sexual dimorphism in response to anti-hypertensive therapies targeting the renin angiotensin system (RAS). To accomplish that goal, we develop sex-specific Blood Pressure Regulation models. Sex differences in the RAS, baseline adosterone level, and the reactivity of renal sympathetic nervous activity (RSNA) are represented. A novel aspect of the model is the representation of sex-specific vasodilatory effect of the bound angiotensin II type two receptor (AT2R-bound Ang II) on renal vascular resistance. Model simulations suggest that sex differences in RSNA are the largest cause of female resistance to developing hypertension due to the direct influence of RSNA on afferent arteriole resistance. Furthermore, the model predicts that the sex-specific vasodilatory effects of AT2R-bound Ang II on renal vascular resistance may explain the higher effectiveness of angiotensin receptor blockers in treating hypertensive women (but not men), compared to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors.

Lawrence C. Perlmuter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A review of orthostatic Blood Pressure Regulation and its association with mood and cognition
    Clinical Autonomic Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: Lawrence C. Perlmuter, Garima Sarda, Vanessa Casavant, Kimberly O’hara, Mariah Hindes, Patrick T. Knott, Aron D. Mosnaim
    Abstract:

    Aims This paper will review literature that examines the psychological and neuropsychological correlates of orthostatic Blood Pressure Regulation. Results The pattern of change in systolic Blood Pressure in response to the shift from supine to upright posture reflects the adequacy of orthostatic Regulation. Orthostatic integrity involves the skeletal muscle pump, neurovascular compensation, neurohumoral effects and cerebral flow Regulation. Various physiological states and disease conditions may disrupt these mechanisms. Clinical and subclinical orthostatic hypotension has been associated with impaired cognitive function, decreased effort, reduced motivation and increased hopelessness as well as dementia, diabetes mellitus, and Parkinson’s disease. Furthermore, inadequate Blood Pressure Regulation in response to orthostasis has been linked to increased depression and anxiety as well as to intergenerational behavioral sequalae. Conclusions Identifying possible causes and consequences of subclinical and clinical OH are critical in improving quality of life for both children and older adults.

  • A review of orthostatic Blood Pressure Regulation and its association with mood and cognition.
    Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society, 2011
    Co-Authors: Lawrence C. Perlmuter, Garima Sarda, Vanessa Casavant, Kimberly O’hara, Mariah Hindes, Patrick Knott, Aron D. Mosnaim
    Abstract:

    Aims This paper will review literature that examines the psychological and neuropsychological correlates of orthostatic Blood Pressure Regulation.

  • Orthostatic Blood Pressure Regulation correlates with cognitive function in Hispanic American Head Start children
    Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies, 2010
    Co-Authors: Vanessa Casavant, Alina Spivak, Judith Wiltse, Chinni Chilamkurti, Lawrence C. Perlmuter
    Abstract:

    The postural shift from lying to standing may provide a challenge for maintaining adequate Blood flow to the brain. Cerebral perfusion in response to the shift to upright posture is affected by a variety of factors including the health of the cardiovascular system and a slight increase in orthostatic systolic Blood Pressure (SBP). In this study, cognitive functioning was examined in Hispanic American preschoolers in relation to systolic orthostatic Blood Pressure Regulation (OBPR). The extent to which SBP increases in response to standing provides an index for predicting cognitive functioning. Developmental cognitive screening tests (Speed-DIAL-III) were administered individually. At a separate time, Blood Pressure Regulation was assessed in response to an orthostatic challenge. After controlling for age and gender, adequate effective SBP Regulation was found to predict performance on measures of concept skills and language competency. Findings support previous research and suggest an association between ...

  • Subsyndromal orthostatic Blood Pressure Regulation correlates with motor skills in head start children.
    International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Mariah Hindes, Kimberly O’hara, Lawrence C. Perlmuter
    Abstract:

    Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional relationship between subsyndromal orthostatic Blood Pressure Regulation and motor skills in 3–5 year old children. It is known that the efficiency of orthostatic Blood Pressure Regulation is affected by a variety of processes, most especially neurohumoral as well as sympathetic nervous system function. Using the DIAL-3 to evaluate gross motor (jump, hop, skip), fine motor (building) and copying abilities, we found a significant curvilinear association between the difference in systolic Blood Pressure following an orthostatic challenge and the DIAL-3 composite motor skills score. This relationship indicated that up to a point an increase in systolic Blood Pressure upon standing was associated with the highest composite motor score; further, the association was stronger in females (R2 = 0.12). This study illustrates that in response to an orthostatic challenge, a moderate increase in orthostatic systolic Blood Pressure serves as a marker for those processes such as dopamine and sympathetic nervous system function that provide the resources for orthostatic Blood Pressure Regulation and cognition in young children. Thus, by identifying individuals with orthostatic systolic dysRegulation early, one may attenuate problematic physiological and psychological effects associated with subsyndromal orthostatic Blood Pressure Regulation.

  • Orthostatic Blood Pressure Regulation predicts classroom effort in children.
    International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Stephanie Carapetian, Monika Siedlarz, Sandra Jackson, Lawrence C. Perlmuter
    Abstract:

    The increase in orthostatic systolic Blood Pressure associated with the shift in posture from lying to standing requires several compensatory mechanisms to ensure adequate cerebral perfusion. Decreased efficiency in the various mechanisms controlling orthostatic Blood Pressure Regulation can result in dizziness, lightheadedness, and syncope. The degree of effectiveness of orthostatic systolic Blood Pressure Regulation (OBPR) serves as a marker for a variety of problems including fatigue, depression, anxiety, reduced attention, impulsive behavior and reduced volition. In normal children, an insufficient increase in systolic Blood Pressure in response to upright posture is predictive of mild cognitive and affective problems. The present study examined orthostatic systolic Blood Pressure Regulation in relation to yearlong teachers' evaluations of academic grades and effort in 7-11 year old children. Poorer systolic Blood Pressure Regulation in response to orthostasis was associated with reduced levels of classroom effort, while academic grades were spared. Converging evidence from clinical as well as experimental studies suggests that the linkage between (OBPR) and effort may be partially mediated by sympathetic dysfunction, altered release of neurotransmitters, or reduced cerebral Blood flow.

Victor A. Convertino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Aron D. Mosnaim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A review of orthostatic Blood Pressure Regulation and its association with mood and cognition
    Clinical Autonomic Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: Lawrence C. Perlmuter, Garima Sarda, Vanessa Casavant, Kimberly O’hara, Mariah Hindes, Patrick T. Knott, Aron D. Mosnaim
    Abstract:

    Aims This paper will review literature that examines the psychological and neuropsychological correlates of orthostatic Blood Pressure Regulation. Results The pattern of change in systolic Blood Pressure in response to the shift from supine to upright posture reflects the adequacy of orthostatic Regulation. Orthostatic integrity involves the skeletal muscle pump, neurovascular compensation, neurohumoral effects and cerebral flow Regulation. Various physiological states and disease conditions may disrupt these mechanisms. Clinical and subclinical orthostatic hypotension has been associated with impaired cognitive function, decreased effort, reduced motivation and increased hopelessness as well as dementia, diabetes mellitus, and Parkinson’s disease. Furthermore, inadequate Blood Pressure Regulation in response to orthostasis has been linked to increased depression and anxiety as well as to intergenerational behavioral sequalae. Conclusions Identifying possible causes and consequences of subclinical and clinical OH are critical in improving quality of life for both children and older adults.

  • A review of orthostatic Blood Pressure Regulation and its association with mood and cognition.
    Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society, 2011
    Co-Authors: Lawrence C. Perlmuter, Garima Sarda, Vanessa Casavant, Kimberly O’hara, Mariah Hindes, Patrick Knott, Aron D. Mosnaim
    Abstract:

    Aims This paper will review literature that examines the psychological and neuropsychological correlates of orthostatic Blood Pressure Regulation.