Body Burden

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Michael R Moore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • influence of Body iron store status and cigarette smoking on cadmium Body Burden of healthy thai women and men
    Toxicology Letters, 2004
    Co-Authors: Soisungwan Satarug, Pailin Ujjin, Yuvaree Vanavanitkun, Jason R Baker, Michael R Moore
    Abstract:

    The influence of cigarette smoking, Body iron store status and gender on cadmium (Cd) Body Burden was examined in a group of 197 healthy Thais with overall mean age of 30.5 year (19-47 year). The lowest, geometric mean, and the highest urinary Cd excretion rate was 0.04, 0.46 and 3.84 mug/g creatinine, respectively. The prevalence of low iron stores (serum ferritin <20 mug/l) was 16% and 2% in women and men, respectively. All women (n = 99) were non-smokers, but they had the same Cd Body Burden as did men (n = 47) who on average smoked 8.7 cigarettes per day for 9 years. These women and men had 1.9-fold greater Body Cd Burden than did non-smoking men (t = 4, P < 0.001). In addition, the women Cd Body Burden was found to be inversely correlated with serum ferritin (r = -0.39, P < 0.001) and those with low iron stores showed a 3.4-fold greater Cd Body Burden than did women whose serum ferritin being between 10 1 and 200 mug/l (F = 6.2, P = 0.003, one-way ANOVA). In contrast. men's Cd Body Burden did not show a significant correlation with serum ferritin, but it did show a positive correlation with cumulative cigarette smoking index (r = 0.29, P = 0.02). Thus, iron status and cigarette smoking were found to be determinants of Cd Body Burden in young adult Thai women and men. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • Influence of Body iron store status and cigarette smoking on cadmium Body Burden of healthy Thai women and men.
    Toxicology Letters, 2004
    Co-Authors: Soisungwan Satarug, Pailin Ujjin, Yuvaree Vanavanitkun, Jason R Baker, Michael R Moore
    Abstract:

    The influence of cigarette smoking, Body iron store status and gender on cadmium (Cd) Body Burden was examined in a group of 197 healthy Thais with overall mean age of 30.5 year (19-47 year). The lowest, geometric mean, and the highest urinary Cd excretion rate was 0.04, 0.46 and 3.84 mug/g creatinine, respectively. The prevalence of low iron stores (serum ferritin

Soisungwan Satarug - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The influence of iron stores on cadmium Body Burden in a Thai population
    Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2009
    Co-Authors: Roongnapa Apinan, Soisungwan Satarug, Ronnatrai Ruengweerayut, Wiratchanee Mahavorasirikul, Kesara Na-bangchang
    Abstract:

    Cadmium is a toxin of increasing public health concern due to its presence in most human foodstuffs and in cigarette smoke. Exposure to cadmium leads to tissue bioaccumulation and, in particular, has nephrotoxic effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between cadmium Body Burden and iron stores in a Thai population. A total of 182 healthy adult Thai subjects of both genders (89 males, 93 females) aged between 18 and 57 years and weighing 40–95 kg were included in this study. The total amounts of cadmium excreted in urine over 2 h (μg/g creatinine) were used as an index of long-term cadmium exposure. Quantitation of cadmium was performed using electrothermal (graphite furnace) atomic absorption spectrometry. The urinary cadmium excreted displayed a normal frequency distribution. The average urinary cadmium level did not exceed the WHO maximum tolerable internal dose for the non-exposed population (2 μg/g creatinine). Body iron stores reflected by serum ferritin levels did not show any correlation with cadmium Burden in both males and females, although a relatively stronger influence of Body iron store status on cadmium Burden was shown in females. When the levels of serum ferritin were stratified into five levels ( 300 μg/l), a significant difference in total cadmium Body Burden was observed between females and males only in the group with a low level of serum ferritin of

  • influence of Body iron store status and cigarette smoking on cadmium Body Burden of healthy thai women and men
    Toxicology Letters, 2004
    Co-Authors: Soisungwan Satarug, Pailin Ujjin, Yuvaree Vanavanitkun, Jason R Baker, Michael R Moore
    Abstract:

    The influence of cigarette smoking, Body iron store status and gender on cadmium (Cd) Body Burden was examined in a group of 197 healthy Thais with overall mean age of 30.5 year (19-47 year). The lowest, geometric mean, and the highest urinary Cd excretion rate was 0.04, 0.46 and 3.84 mug/g creatinine, respectively. The prevalence of low iron stores (serum ferritin <20 mug/l) was 16% and 2% in women and men, respectively. All women (n = 99) were non-smokers, but they had the same Cd Body Burden as did men (n = 47) who on average smoked 8.7 cigarettes per day for 9 years. These women and men had 1.9-fold greater Body Cd Burden than did non-smoking men (t = 4, P < 0.001). In addition, the women Cd Body Burden was found to be inversely correlated with serum ferritin (r = -0.39, P < 0.001) and those with low iron stores showed a 3.4-fold greater Cd Body Burden than did women whose serum ferritin being between 10 1 and 200 mug/l (F = 6.2, P = 0.003, one-way ANOVA). In contrast. men's Cd Body Burden did not show a significant correlation with serum ferritin, but it did show a positive correlation with cumulative cigarette smoking index (r = 0.29, P = 0.02). Thus, iron status and cigarette smoking were found to be determinants of Cd Body Burden in young adult Thai women and men. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • Influence of Body iron store status and cigarette smoking on cadmium Body Burden of healthy Thai women and men.
    Toxicology Letters, 2004
    Co-Authors: Soisungwan Satarug, Pailin Ujjin, Yuvaree Vanavanitkun, Jason R Baker, Michael R Moore
    Abstract:

    The influence of cigarette smoking, Body iron store status and gender on cadmium (Cd) Body Burden was examined in a group of 197 healthy Thais with overall mean age of 30.5 year (19-47 year). The lowest, geometric mean, and the highest urinary Cd excretion rate was 0.04, 0.46 and 3.84 mug/g creatinine, respectively. The prevalence of low iron stores (serum ferritin

Nader Bahramifar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Evaluation of the suitability of application of golden jackal (Canis aureus) hair as a noninvasive technique for determination of Body Burden mercury
    Ecotoxicology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Hassan Malvandi, Seyed Mahmoud Ghasempouri, Abbas Esmaili-sari, Nader Bahramifar
    Abstract:

    An evaluation of suitability of applying hair as a noninvasive indicator for determination of the Body Burden mercury in mammals was carried out by determining the concentration of mercury in hair and liver tissue of the golden jackal, Canis aureus . Nineteen jackals killed on the roads along the Caspian Sea in the central region of Mazandaran Province, Iran were collected. The mercury measurements were carried out by AMA254 LECO and the standard method ASTM-D6722. SPSS and Excel were used for analytical statistics. There was a significant difference in Hg levels between the hair and liver tissue ( P  

  • evaluation of the suitability of application of golden jackal canis aureus hair as a noninvasive technique for determination of Body Burden mercury
    Ecotoxicology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Hassan Malvandi, Seyed Mahmoud Ghasempouri, Abbas Esmailisari, Nader Bahramifar
    Abstract:

    An evaluation of suitability of applying hair as a noninvasive indicator for determination of the Body Burden mercury in mammals was carried out by determining the concentration of mercury in hair and liver tissue of the golden jackal, Canis aureus. Nineteen jackals killed on the roads along the Caspian Sea in the central region of Mazandaran Province, Iran were collected. The mercury measurements were carried out by AMA254 LECO and the standard method ASTM-D6722. SPSS and Excel were used for analytical statistics. There was a significant difference in Hg levels between the hair and liver tissue (P < 0.001). The average concentration of mercury was 187.3 ± 22.7 and 53.3 ± 7.3 ng/g, respectively. No significant differences were seen either between the sexes or in correlation between the tissues. But a significant and positive relation was seen between the mercury content in hair and Body weight and length (P < 0.005). In general, the mercury concentration was less than the deleterious, effective limit on the species. It seems that this is the first study of Hg concentrations in jackals and demonstrates on easy and noninvasive sampling method.

Robert A Rubin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the severity of autism is associated with toxic metal Body Burden and red blood cell glutathione levels
    Journal of Toxicology, 2009
    Co-Authors: James B Adams, Matthew Baral, Elizabeth Geis, Jessica Mitchell, Julie Ingram, A Hensley, I Zappia, Sanford Newmark, Eva Gehn, Robert A Rubin
    Abstract:

    This study investigated the relationship of children's autism symptoms with their toxic metal Body Burden and red blood cell (RBC) glutathione levels. In children ages 3–8 years, the severity of autism was assessed using four tools: ADOS, PDD-BI, ATEC, and SAS. Toxic metal Body Burden was assessed by measuring urinary excretion of toxic metals, both before and after oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). Multiple positive correlations were found between the severity of autism and the urinary excretion of toxic metals. Variations in the severity of autism measurements could be explained, in part, by regression analyses of urinary excretion of toxic metals before and after DMSA and the level of RBC glutathione (adjusted R2 of 0.22–0.45, P < .005 in all cases). This study demonstrates a significant positive association between the severity of autism and the relative Body Burden of toxic metals.

Eric N. Powell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • relationship of parasites and pathologies to contaminant Body Burden in sentinel bivalves noaa status and trends mussel watch program
    Marine Environmental Research, 2008
    Co-Authors: Eric N. Powell, Terry L. Wade, B J Presley
    Abstract:

    Abstract The 1995–1998 database from NOAA’s National Status and Trends ‘Mussel Watch’ Program was used to compare the distributional patterns of parasites and pathologies with contaminant Body Burdens. Principal components analysis (PCA) resolved five groups of contaminants in both mussels and oysters: one dominated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one dominated by pesticides, and three dominated by metals. Metals produced a much more complex picture of spatial trends in Body Burden than did either the pesticides or PAHs. Contrasted to the relative simplicity of the contaminant groupings, PCA exposed a suite of parasite/pathology groups with few similarities between the sentinel bivalve taxa. Thus, the relationship between parasites/pathologies and contaminants differs significantly between taxa despite the similarity in contaminant pattern. Moreover, the combined effects of many contaminants and parasites may be important, leading to complex biological-contaminant interactions with synergies both of biological and chemical origin. Overall, correlations between parasites/pathologies and contaminants were more frequent with metals, frequent with pesticides, and less frequent with PAHs in mussels. In oysters, correlations with pesticides and metals were about equally frequent, but correlations with PAHs were still rare. In mytilids, correlations with metals predominated. Negative and positive correlations with metals occurred with about the same frequency in both taxa. The majority of correlations with pesticides were negative in oysters; not so for mytilids. Of the many significant correlations involving parasites, few involved single-celled eukaryotes or prokaryotes. The vast majority involved multi-cellular eukaryotes and nearly all of them either cestodes, trematode sporocysts, or trematode metacercariae. The few correlations for single-celled parasites all involved proliferating protozoa or protozoa reaching high Body Burdens through transmission. The tendency for the larger or more numerous parasites to be involved suggests that unequal sequestration of contaminates between host and parasite tissue is a potential mediator. An alternative is that contaminants differentially affect parasites and their hosts by varying host susceptibility or parasite survival.

  • The geographic distribution of population health and contaminant Body Burden in gulf of Mexico oysters.
    Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2001
    Co-Authors: Eric N. Powell, Terry L. Wade, Bob J. Presley, James M. Brooks
    Abstract:

    As part of NOAA's National Status and Trends Mussel Watch Program, oysters were sampled along the Gulf of Mexico coast each winter from 1986 to 1993 (The present analysis deals with 1986 -1993 Mussel Watch data; the Mussel Watch project itself continues at this printing) and analyzed for trace metal, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and pesticide Body Burden, plus a series of biological variables designed to assess population status and health. We identified contaminant and biological variables in which large-scale spatial processes played an important role in establishing population values by examining the likelihood that neighboring bays tended to have populations with Body Burdens or population attributes more similar than expected by chance. Local or watershed-depen- dent factors, such as land use and freshwater inflow, are im- portant in controlling the bay-to-bay variation in Body Burden in most contaminants. However, the bay-to-bay variations in Body Burden of some metals (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Se) appear to be principally influenced by larger-scale climatic factors. These metals and the biological variable shell length demonstrated a strong degree of similarity between bays over a large regional area reminiscent of the pattern shown by climatic factors, such as temperature and precipitation. In contrast, among the organ- ics, none of the PAHs showed even a moderately strong cli- matic signal. Among the pesticides, only two did (dieldrin, total DDTs). These pesticides and the biological variables, reproductive stage and Perkinsus marinus prevalence and in- fection intensity, had spatial patterns that suggested both a local and a regional influence to their geographic distributions. This same pattern is exhibited by freshwater runoff. Metal contaminants also behaved distinctively compared to organics in the temporal influence of climate in establishing the inter- annual variability in Body Burden. For the organics, trends in interannual variability were strongly influenced by climate, whereas spatial trends were not. In contrast, most metals were unaffected by climatic forcing both spatially and temporally. However, all of the metals having a spatial pattern strongly influenced by climate (As, Cd, Hg, Ni, Se) also exhibited interannual variations related to variations in climate.

  • Influence of climate change on interannual variation in contaminant Body Burden in Gulf of Mexico oysters
    Marine Environmental Research, 1999
    Co-Authors: Eric N. Powell, Terry L. Wade, Bob J. Presley, James M. Brooks
    Abstract:

    Abstract As part of NOAA's National Status and Trends Mussel Watch Program, oysters were sampled along the Gulf of Mexico coast each winter from 1986 to 1992 and analyzed for trace metal, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and pesticide Body Burden. We identified contaminant variables for which large-scale climate processes played an important role in establishing the interannual variation in Body Burden by examining cases where Body Burdens rose or fell more or less in unison over broad geographic regions and distinguished these concordant changes from cases where bays varied independently. Of the 11 metals analyzed, nine had scales of concordancy ⩽100 km. Ni and Se, however, had among the largest scales of concordancy in the study, ⩾1200 km. That is, oyster Body Burdens in bays as far apart as 1200 km tended to rise and fall in unison from one year to the next. Interannual variations in Body Burden of organic contaminants had a much stronger regional component. All but two of the 11 organic contaminants had scales of concordancy of 200 km or greater and six exceeded 400 km. Concordancy was strongest either in the southern, northwestern, or north-central Gulf, depending upon the contaminant. For all contaminants, bays tended to vary independently in the northeastern Gulf. For three contaminants, total chlordanes, dieldrin and Cd, regional concordancy may originate from a widespread decrease in use and, therefore, input. These contaminants declined nearly monotonically over the 7 years. For others, including Zn and many of the PAHs and pesticides, the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle may be important in establishing the interannual variability in contaminant Body Burden: (1) ENSO has the geographic scale required; (2) a subtropical influence is required to explain the similarity in interannual variation between south Texas and southern Florida; (3) ENSO-related climate responses in the Gulf follow the southwestern/northeastern trend that would establish the northwestern Gulf focus in concordancy so prominent in many of the contaminants; and (4) deviations in yearly mean Body Burden from the Gulf-wide mean track the Southern Oscillation Index in some cases.

  • Parasites of sentinel bivalves in the NOAA status and trends program: Distribution and relationship to contaminant Body Burden
    Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1999
    Co-Authors: Eric N. Powell, Terry L. Wade, Bob J. Presley, Jose L. Sericano
    Abstract:

    The National Status and Trends Mussel Watch data for 1997 were used to compare the distribution of parasites between sentinel bivalves of the East, West, Gulf and Great Lakes coasts of the USA and to assess the relationship of parasitism to contaminant Body Burden. Overall, five patterns dominated the geographic distribution of the parasite fauna. (1) Certain parasites, such as Nematopsis, were principally associated with oysters from the southeast and Gulf coasts. (2) Discounting Nematopsis, oysters and mussels did not differ significantly in total parasite infection intensity. (3) West coast mussel populations were always lower in infection intensity than East coast mussels and rarely showed anything but a sporadic pattern of infection. (4) East coast mussels typically had a focus of infection in the Boston Harbor region. (5) With the exception of Nematopsis, mussels on the West coast, Mytilus edulis and Mytilus californianus, did not differ significantly in their parasite fauna. The geographic distributions of most parasites and disease-causing organisms varied independently. Any two parasites rarely co-occurred predictably over wide areas and never on more than one coast. Certain contaminants were correlated with certain parasites on one coast but not the other or in one bivalve type but not another. Statistics that emphasized infection intensity found significant relationships between parasitism and contaminant Body Burden most often in East and Gulf coast oysters and West coast mussels and, in most cases, higher Body Burdens were associated with lower infection intensities. Statistics that emphasized prevalence also identified significant relationships most often in East and Gulf coast oysters and West coast mussels. In contrast to infection intensity, most significant results occurred because parasites were observed more often in locales characterized by higher contaminant Body Burdens. In no case was a parasite/ contaminant pair significant for both infection intensity and prevalence.