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Joppe W Hovius - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Borrelia miyamotoi Disease in an Immunocompetent Patient, Western Europe
'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)', 2018Co-Authors: Dieuwertje Hoornstra, Hein Sprong, Alexander E. Platonov, Joris Koetsveld, Joppe W HoviusAbstract:Borrelia miyamotoi disease is a hard tick–borne relapsing fever illness that occurs across the temperate climate zone. Human B. miyamotoi disease in immunocompetent patients has been described in Russia, North America, and Japan. We describe a case of B. miyamotoi disease in an immunocompetent patient in western Europe
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development and optimization of an in vitro cultivation protocol allows for isolation of Borrelia miyamotoi from patients with hard tick borne relapsing fever
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2017Co-Authors: Joris Koetsveld, Alex Wagemakers, Anneke Oei, A E Platonov, Nadezhda M Kolyasnikova, Marina G Toporkova, Denis S Sarksyan, Joppe W HoviusAbstract:Abstract Objectives Borrelia miyamotoi has been shown to infect humans in Eurasia and North America causing hard tick-borne relapsing fever (HTBRF). In vitro cultivation of B. miyamotoi was described recently; but clinical isolation of relapsing fever Borrelia is cumbersome. Our aim was to develop a straightforward protocol enabling B. miyamotoi isolation directly from the blood of patients. Methods Modified Kelly-Pettenkorfer (MKP-F) medium, with or without anticoagulants, or blood from healthy human volunteers, was spiked with B. miyamotoi spirochaetes in vitro . Subsequently, either media or plasma was used for cultivation directly, or after an additional centrifugation step. This isolation protocol was tested in a clinical setting on patients suspected of HTBRF. Results Dipotassium-EDTA, trisodium citrate and lithium heparin inhibited growth of B. miyamotoi at concentrations ≥250 μg/mL, 2.5 mM and 1 IU/mL, respectively. However, when plasma originating from human blood containing B. miyamotoi spirochaetes was subjected to an additional centrifugation step at 8000 g , suspended and inoculated into fresh MKP-F media, positive cultures were observed within 2 weeks. Of importance, this straightforward protocol allowed for isolation of B. miyamotoi from six out of nine patients with confirmed HTBRF. Conclusions Direct culture from K 2 -EDTA, trisodium citrate and lithium heparin plasma containing B. miyamotoi is hampered due to anticoagulants. Using a simple centrifugation protocol we were able to circumvent this detrimental effect, allowing for the first clinical isolation of B. miyamotoi. This will be of value for future research on the pathogenesis, genetics, diagnosis, therapy and epidemiology of HTBRF and other tick-borne relapsing fevers.
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larvae of ixodes ricinus transmit Borrelia afzelii and b miyamotoi to vertebrate hosts
Parasites & Vectors, 2016Co-Authors: Gilian Van Duijvendijk, Alex Wagemakers, Anneke Oei, Willem Takken, Joppe W Hovius, Manoj Fonville, Claudia Coipan, Jasmin I Ersoz, Gabor Foldvari, Hein SprongAbstract:Background Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne human disease and is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.). Borrelia miyamotoi, a relapsing fever spirochaete, is transmitted transovarially, whereas this has not been shown for B. burgdorferi (s.l). Therefore, B. burgdorferi (s.l) is considered to cycle from nymphs to larvae through vertebrates. Larvae of Ixodes ricinus are occasionally B. burgdorferi (s.l) infected, but their vector competence has never been studied.
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larvae of ixodes ricinus transmit Borrelia afzelii and b miyamotoi to vertebrate hosts
Parasites & Vectors, 2016Co-Authors: Gilian Van Duijvendijk, Alex Wagemakers, Anneke Oei, Willem Takken, Joppe W Hovius, Manoj Fonville, Claudia Coipan, Jasmin I Ersoz, Gabor Foldvari, Hein SprongAbstract:Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne human disease and is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.). Borrelia miyamotoi, a relapsing fever spirochaete, is transmitted transovarially, whereas this has not been shown for B. burgdorferi (s.l). Therefore, B. burgdorferi (s.l) is considered to cycle from nymphs to larvae through vertebrates. Larvae of Ixodes ricinus are occasionally B. burgdorferi (s.l) infected, but their vector competence has never been studied. We challenged 20 laboratory mice with field-collected larvae of I. ricinus. A subset of these larvae was analysed for infections with B. burgdorferi (s.l) and B. miyamotoi. After three to four challenges, mice were sacrificed and skin and spleen samples were analysed for infection by PCR and culture. Field-collected larvae were naturally infected with B. burgdorferi (s.l) (0.62 %) and B. miyamotoi (2.0 %). Two mice acquired a B. afzelii infection and four mice acquired a B. miyamotoi infection during the larval challenges. We showed that larvae of I. ricinus transmit B. afzelii and B. miyamotoi to rodents and calculated that rodents have a considerable chance of acquiring infections from larvae compared to nymphs. As a result, B. afzelii can cycle between larvae through rodents. Our findings further imply that larval bites on humans, which easily go unnoticed, can cause Lyme borreliosis and Borrelia miyamotoi disease.
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Borrelia miyamotoi a widespread tick borne relapsing fever spirochete
Trends in Parasitology, 2015Co-Authors: Alex Wagemakers, Hein Sprong, Pieter J Staarink, Joppe W HoviusAbstract:Borrelia miyamotoi is a relapsing fever spirochete that has only recently been identified as a human pathogen. Borrelia miyamotoi is genetically and ecologically distinct from Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, while both are present in Ixodes ticks. Over 50 patients with an acute febrile illness have been described with a B. miyamotoi infection, and two infected immunocompromised patients developed a meningoencephalitis. Seroprevalence studies indicate exposure in the general population and in specific risk groups, such as patients initially suspected of having human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Here, we review the available literature on B. miyamotoi, describing its presence in ticks, reservoir hosts, and humans, and discussing its potential impact on public health.
Hein Sprong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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First detection of Borrelia miyamotoi in Ixodes ricinus ticks from northern Italy
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2018Co-Authors: Silvia Ravagnan, Hein Sprong, Laura Tomassone, Fabrizio Montarsi, Aleksandra Iwona Krawczyk, Eleonora Mastrorilli, Adelaide Milani, Luca Rossi, Gioia CapelliAbstract:Abstract Background Borrelia miyamotoi is a spirochete transmitted by several ixodid tick species. It causes a relapsing fever in humans and is currently considered as an emerging pathogen. In Europe, B. miyamotoi seems to occur at low prevalence in Ixodes ricinus ticks but has a wide distribution. Here we report the first detection of B. miyamotoi in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in two independent studies conducted in 2016 in the north-eastern and north-western Alps, Italy. Results Three out of 405 nymphs (0.74%) tested positive for Borrelia miyamotoi. In particular, B. miyamotoi was found in 2/365 nymphs in the western and in 1/40 nymphs in the eastern alpine area. These are the first findings of B. miyamotoi in Italy. Conclusions Exposure to B. miyamotoi and risk of human infection may occur through tick bites in northern Italy. Relapsing fever caused by Borrelia miyamotoi has not yet been reported in Italy, but misdiagnoses with tick-borne encephalitis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis or other relapsing fever can occur. Our findings suggest that B. miyamotoi should be considered in the differential diagnosis of febrile patients originating from Lyme borreliosis endemic regions. The distribution of this pathogen and its relevance to public health need further investigation
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Borrelia miyamotoi Disease in an Immunocompetent Patient, Western Europe
'Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)', 2018Co-Authors: Dieuwertje Hoornstra, Hein Sprong, Alexander E. Platonov, Joris Koetsveld, Joppe W HoviusAbstract:Borrelia miyamotoi disease is a hard tick–borne relapsing fever illness that occurs across the temperate climate zone. Human B. miyamotoi disease in immunocompetent patients has been described in Russia, North America, and Japan. We describe a case of B. miyamotoi disease in an immunocompetent patient in western Europe
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Molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia miyamotoi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris)
European Journal of Wildlife Research, 2017Co-Authors: Sanne C. Ruyts, Ewa Frazer-mendelewska, Koen Van Den Berge, Kris Verheyen, Hein SprongAbstract:Eurasian red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) are common hosts of ixodid ticks and could thus carry tick-borne disease agents. The relative contribution of the red squirrel, a medium-sized rodent species, to the transmission dynamics of tick-borne pathogens in Europe yet remains unclear. We analysed spleen and liver samples from 45 dead squirrels collected in Flanders, Belgium, during tick activity season and detected the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in the spleen of two squirrels (4.4%). One of the sequences could be identified as Borrelia afzelii. Borrelia miyamotoi was detected in the spleen of three squirrels (6.7%) and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in four spleen samples (8.9%). Both A. phagocytophilum ecotype I and II were found. We could not detect the presence of “Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis” or tick-borne encephalitis virus in any of the squirrels. Our results suggest that Eurasian red squirrels can host B. afzelii, as already proposed by previous studies, but we could not confirm the previous established association between squirrels and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. Our results demonstrate the epidemiological importance of the red squirrel, particularly in (sub)urban areas, since they can harbour a similar community of tick-borne pathogens as do mice and voles and can act as hosts for A. phagocytophilum ecotype I, which has important implications for human health risk.
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Supplementary material S5 from Cascading effects of predator activity on tick-borne disease risk
2017Co-Authors: Tim R. Hofmeester, Manoj Fonville, Hein Sprong, Patrick A. Jansen, Hendrikus J. Wijnen, Elena C. Coipan, Herbert H. T. Prins, Sipke E. Van WierenAbstract:Full model results of exploratory analyses testing the correlations between rodent characteristics (density, larval and nymphal burden), the density of questing nymphs (DON), and the density of infected nymphs (DIN) for Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia miyamotoi and Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis
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larvae of ixodes ricinus transmit Borrelia afzelii and b miyamotoi to vertebrate hosts
Parasites & Vectors, 2016Co-Authors: Gilian Van Duijvendijk, Alex Wagemakers, Anneke Oei, Willem Takken, Joppe W Hovius, Manoj Fonville, Claudia Coipan, Jasmin I Ersoz, Gabor Foldvari, Hein SprongAbstract:Background Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne human disease and is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.). Borrelia miyamotoi, a relapsing fever spirochaete, is transmitted transovarially, whereas this has not been shown for B. burgdorferi (s.l). Therefore, B. burgdorferi (s.l) is considered to cycle from nymphs to larvae through vertebrates. Larvae of Ixodes ricinus are occasionally B. burgdorferi (s.l) infected, but their vector competence has never been studied.
Peter J. Krause - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia miyamotoi seroprevalence in California blood donors.
PloS one, 2020Co-Authors: Sharon I. Brummitt, Adam J Replogle, Alan G. Barbour, Anne M. Kjemtrup, Danielle J Harvey, Jeannine M. Petersen, Christopher Sexton, Andrea E. Packham, Evan M. Bloch, Peter J. KrauseAbstract:The western blacklegged tick, Ixodes pacificus, an important vector in the western United States of two zoonotic spirochetes: Borrelia burgdorferi (also called Borreliella burgdorferi), causing Lyme disease, and Borrelia miyamotoi, causing a relapsing fever-type illness. Human cases of Lyme disease are well-documented in California, with increased risk in the north coastal areas and western slopes of the Sierra Nevada range. Despite the established presence of B. miyamotoi in the human-biting I. pacificus tick in California, clinical cases with this spirochete have not been well studied. To assess exposure to B. burgdorferi and B. miyamotoi in California, and to address the hypothesis that B. miyamotoi exposure in humans is similar in geographic range to B. burgdorferi, 1,700 blood donor sera from California were tested for antibodies to both pathogens. Sampling was from high endemic and low endemic counties for Lyme disease in California. All sera were screened using the C6 ELISA. All C6 positive and equivocal samples and nine randomly chosen C6 negative samples were further analyzed for B. burgdorferi antibody using IgG western blot and a modified two ELISA test system and for B. miyamotoi antibody using the GlpQ ELISA and B. miyamotoi whole cell sonicate western blot. Of the 1,700 samples tested in series, eight tested positive for antibodies to B. burgdorferi (0.47%, Exact 95% CI: 0.20, 0.93) and two tested positive for antibodies to B. miyamotoi (0.12%, Exact 95% CI: 0.01, 0.42). There was no statistically significant difference in seroprevalence for either pathogen between high and low Lyme disease endemic counties. Our results confirm a low frequency of Lyme disease and an even lower frequency of B. miyamotoi exposure among adult blood donors in California; however, our findings reinforce public health messaging that there is risk of infection by these emerging diseases in the state.
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human Borrelia miyamotoi infection in california serodiagnosis is complicated by multiple endemic Borrelia species
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Peter J. Krause, Natalia Fedorova, Sukanya Narasimhan, Janna Brancato, Erol Fikrig, Madeleine Carroll, Cecilia Dumouchel, Fredua Akosa, Robert S. LaneAbstract:To determine whether human Borrelia miyamotoi infection occurs in the far-western United States, we tested archived sera from northwestern California residents for antibodies to this emerging relapsing fever spirochete. These residents frequently were exposed to I. pacificus ticks in a region where B. miyamotoi tick infection has been reported. We used a two-step B. miyamotoi rGlpQ assay and a B. miyamotoi whole-cell lysate (WCL) assay to detect B. miyamotoi antibody. We also employed Borrelia hermsii and Borrelia burgdorferi WCL assays to examine if these Borrelia induce cross reacting antibody to B. miyamotoi. Sera were collected from 101 residents in each of two consecutive years. The sera of 12 and 14 residents in years one and two, respectively, were B. miyamotoi rGlpQ seroreactive. Sufficient sera were available to test 15 of the 26 seropositive samples using B. miyamotoi and B. hermsii WCL assays. Two residents in year one and seven residents in year two were seroreactive to both Borrelia antigens. Although discernible differences in seroreactivity were evident between the B. miyamotoi and B. hermsii WCL assays, infection with one or the other could not be determined with certainty. Sera from two Borrelia burgdorferi /B. miyamotoi seropositive subjects reacted strongly against B. miyamotoi and B. hermsii WCL antigens. Ecological, epidemiological, and clinical data implicated B. miyamotoi as the probable cause of infection among those whose sera reacted against both antigens. Our findings suggest that human B. miyamotoi infection occurs in northern California and that B. hermsii and B. burgdorferi infections produce antibodies that cross-react with B. miyamotoi antigens. Health care professionals in the far-western United States should be aware that B. miyamotoi disease may occur throughout the geographic distribution of I. pacificus and that improved relapsing fever group spirochete antibody assays are urgently needed.
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hard tick relapsing fever caused by Borrelia miyamotoi in a child
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Peter J. Krause, Jonathan Schwab, Sukanya Narasimhan, Janna Brancato, Stephen M RichAbstract:A 5-year-old Massachusetts resident developed hard tick-borne relapsing fever caused by Borrelia miyamotoi. A partially engorged Ixodes scapularis tick was removed from her scalp and identified as infected with B. miyamotoi using polymerase chain reaction. Two weeks later, she developed an illness compatible with B. miyamotoi infection that included fatigue and recurrent fever. The diagnosis was confirmed by B. miyamotoi seroconversion.
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insights into Borrelia miyamotoi infection from an untreated case demonstrating relapsing fever monocytosis and a positive c6 lyme serology
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2016Co-Authors: Praveen Sudhindra, Peter J. Krause, Guiqing Wang, Martin E Schriefer, Donna Mckenna, Jian Zhuge, Adriana Marques, Gary P WormserAbstract:We describe a patient from the United States with PCR- and serology-confirmed Borrelia miyamotoi infection who recovered without antibiotics. Our findings suggest that B. miyamotoi infection may cause relapsing fever, blood monocytosis and antibody reactivity to the C6 peptide. Further studies are required to better define the spectrum of clinical and laboratory findings for this emerging tick-transmitted infection.
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Borrelia miyamotoi the newest infection brought to us by deer ticks
Annals of Internal Medicine, 2015Co-Authors: Peter J. Krause, Alan G. BarbourAbstract:In this issue, Molloy and colleagues report the first large case series of Borrelia miyamotoi infection in the United States. The editorialists discuss the epidemiology and clinical presentation of...
Alex Wagemakers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Borrelia miyamotoi infection leads to cross reactive antibodies to the c6 peptide in mice and men
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2020Co-Authors: Joris Koetsveld, Alex Wagemakers, A E Platonov, Gilian Van Duijvendijk, Erol Fikrig, Dieuwertje Hoornstra, Sandor Szekeres, W Ang, Konstantin V Kuleshov, Monica E EmbersAbstract:Abstract Objectives Borrelia miyamotoi is a relapsing fever Borrelia, transmitted by hard (Ixodes) ticks, which are also the main vector for Borrelia burgdorferi. A widely used test for serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis is an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) based on the C6 peptide of the B. burgdorferi sl VlsE protein. We set out to study C6 reactivity upon infection with B. miyamotoi in a large well-characterized set of B. miyamotoi disease (BMD) patient sera and in experimental murine infection. Methods We performed in silico analyses, comparing the C6-peptide to immunodominant B. miyamotoi variable large proteins (Vlps). Next, we determined C6 reactivity in sera from mice infected with B. miyamotoi and in a unique longitudinal set of 191 sera from 46 BMD patients. Results In silico analyses revealed similarity of the C6 peptide to domains within B. miyamotoi Vlps. Cross-reactivity against the C6 peptide was confirmed in 21 out of 24 mice experimentally infected with B. miyamotoi. Moreover, 35 out of 46 BMD patients had a C6 EIA Lyme index higher than 1.1 (positive). Interestingly, 27 out of 37 patients with a C6 EIA Lyme index higher than 0.9 (equivocal) were negative when tested for specific B. burgdorferi sl antibodies using a commercially available immunoblot. Conclusions We show that infection with B. miyamotoi leads to cross-reactive antibodies to the C6 peptide. Since BMD and Lyme borreliosis are found in the same geographical locations, caution should be used when relying solely on C6 reactivity testing. We propose that a positive C6 EIA with negative immunoblot, especially in patients with fever several weeks after a tick bite, warrants further testing for B. miyamotoi.
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serodiagnosis of Borrelia miyamotoi disease by measuring antibodies against glpq and variable major proteins
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2018Co-Authors: Joris Koetsveld, Alex Wagemakers, Nadezhda M Kolyasnikova, Marina G Toporkova, Dieuwertje Hoornstra, O. A. Stukolova, Denis S Sarksyan, Anna J Henningsson, D Hvidsten, W AngAbstract:Abstract Objectives Borrelia miyamotoi disease (BMD) is an emerging tick-borne disease in the Northern hemisphere. Serodiagnosis by measuring antibodies against glycerophosphodiester-phosphodiesterase (GlpQ) has been performed experimentally but has not been extensively clinically validated. Because we had previously shown the differential expression of antigenic variable major proteins (Vmps) in B. miyamotoi, our aim was to study antibody responses against GlpQ and Vmps in PCR-proven BMD patients and controls. Methods We assessed seroreactivity against GlpQ and four Vmps in a well-described, longitudinal cohort of sera from BMD patients ( n =182), healthy blood donors ( n =136) and controls ( n =68). All samples were tested by ELISA and positive sera were tested by western blot, and antibody dynamics and diagnostic value were assessed. Results IgM antibodies against GlpQ and Vmps peaked between 11 and 20 days, and IgG between 21 and 50 days, after disease onset. Various combinations of GlpQ and Vmps increased sensitivity and/or specificity compared to single antigens. Notably, the GlpQ or variable large protein (Vlp)-15/16 combination yielded a sensitivity of 94.7% (95% CI: 75.4–99.7) 11–20 days after disease onset and a specificity of 96.6% (92.7–98.4) for IgM. A specificity of 100% (97.8–100) for IgM, and 98.3% for IgG (95.2-100), was found when positivity was defined as reactivity to GlpQ and any Vmp, with maximum sensitivities of 79% (56.7–91.5) for IgM and 86.7% (62.1–97.6) for IgG. Conclusions We clearly demonstrate here the diagnostic potential of these seromarkers. Our findings will facilitate future epidemiological and clinical studies on BMD and lead to the development of a serologic test to be used in clinical practice.
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development and optimization of an in vitro cultivation protocol allows for isolation of Borrelia miyamotoi from patients with hard tick borne relapsing fever
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2017Co-Authors: Joris Koetsveld, Alex Wagemakers, Anneke Oei, A E Platonov, Nadezhda M Kolyasnikova, Marina G Toporkova, Denis S Sarksyan, Joppe W HoviusAbstract:Abstract Objectives Borrelia miyamotoi has been shown to infect humans in Eurasia and North America causing hard tick-borne relapsing fever (HTBRF). In vitro cultivation of B. miyamotoi was described recently; but clinical isolation of relapsing fever Borrelia is cumbersome. Our aim was to develop a straightforward protocol enabling B. miyamotoi isolation directly from the blood of patients. Methods Modified Kelly-Pettenkorfer (MKP-F) medium, with or without anticoagulants, or blood from healthy human volunteers, was spiked with B. miyamotoi spirochaetes in vitro . Subsequently, either media or plasma was used for cultivation directly, or after an additional centrifugation step. This isolation protocol was tested in a clinical setting on patients suspected of HTBRF. Results Dipotassium-EDTA, trisodium citrate and lithium heparin inhibited growth of B. miyamotoi at concentrations ≥250 μg/mL, 2.5 mM and 1 IU/mL, respectively. However, when plasma originating from human blood containing B. miyamotoi spirochaetes was subjected to an additional centrifugation step at 8000 g , suspended and inoculated into fresh MKP-F media, positive cultures were observed within 2 weeks. Of importance, this straightforward protocol allowed for isolation of B. miyamotoi from six out of nine patients with confirmed HTBRF. Conclusions Direct culture from K 2 -EDTA, trisodium citrate and lithium heparin plasma containing B. miyamotoi is hampered due to anticoagulants. Using a simple centrifugation protocol we were able to circumvent this detrimental effect, allowing for the first clinical isolation of B. miyamotoi. This will be of value for future research on the pathogenesis, genetics, diagnosis, therapy and epidemiology of HTBRF and other tick-borne relapsing fevers.
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larvae of ixodes ricinus transmit Borrelia afzelii and b miyamotoi to vertebrate hosts
Parasites & Vectors, 2016Co-Authors: Gilian Van Duijvendijk, Alex Wagemakers, Anneke Oei, Willem Takken, Joppe W Hovius, Manoj Fonville, Claudia Coipan, Jasmin I Ersoz, Gabor Foldvari, Hein SprongAbstract:Background Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne human disease and is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.). Borrelia miyamotoi, a relapsing fever spirochaete, is transmitted transovarially, whereas this has not been shown for B. burgdorferi (s.l). Therefore, B. burgdorferi (s.l) is considered to cycle from nymphs to larvae through vertebrates. Larvae of Ixodes ricinus are occasionally B. burgdorferi (s.l) infected, but their vector competence has never been studied.
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larvae of ixodes ricinus transmit Borrelia afzelii and b miyamotoi to vertebrate hosts
Parasites & Vectors, 2016Co-Authors: Gilian Van Duijvendijk, Alex Wagemakers, Anneke Oei, Willem Takken, Joppe W Hovius, Manoj Fonville, Claudia Coipan, Jasmin I Ersoz, Gabor Foldvari, Hein SprongAbstract:Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne human disease and is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.). Borrelia miyamotoi, a relapsing fever spirochaete, is transmitted transovarially, whereas this has not been shown for B. burgdorferi (s.l). Therefore, B. burgdorferi (s.l) is considered to cycle from nymphs to larvae through vertebrates. Larvae of Ixodes ricinus are occasionally B. burgdorferi (s.l) infected, but their vector competence has never been studied. We challenged 20 laboratory mice with field-collected larvae of I. ricinus. A subset of these larvae was analysed for infections with B. burgdorferi (s.l) and B. miyamotoi. After three to four challenges, mice were sacrificed and skin and spleen samples were analysed for infection by PCR and culture. Field-collected larvae were naturally infected with B. burgdorferi (s.l) (0.62 %) and B. miyamotoi (2.0 %). Two mice acquired a B. afzelii infection and four mice acquired a B. miyamotoi infection during the larval challenges. We showed that larvae of I. ricinus transmit B. afzelii and B. miyamotoi to rodents and calculated that rodents have a considerable chance of acquiring infections from larvae compared to nymphs. As a result, B. afzelii can cycle between larvae through rodents. Our findings further imply that larval bites on humans, which easily go unnoticed, can cause Lyme borreliosis and Borrelia miyamotoi disease.
Gary P Wormser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Co-infections in Persons with Early Lyme Disease, New York, USA
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019Co-Authors: Gary P Wormser, Praveen Sudhindra, Guiqing Wang, Donna Mckenna, Carol Scavarda, Denise Cooper, Marc El Y. Khoury, John Nowakowski, Alexander Ladenheim, Carol L. KarmenAbstract:In certain regions of New York state, USA, Ixodes scapularis ticks can potentially transmit 4 pathogens in addition to Borrelia burgdorferi: Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, Borrelia miyamotoi, and the deer tick virus subtype of Powassan virus. In a prospective study, we systematically evaluated 52 adult patients with erythema migrans, the most common clinical manifestation of B. burgdorferi infection (Lyme disease), who had not received treatment for Lyme disease. We used serologic testing to evaluate these patients for evidence of co-infection with any of the 4 other tickborne pathogens. Evidence of co-infection was found for B. microti only; 4–6 patients were co-infected with Babesia microti. Nearly 90% of the patients evaluated had no evidence of co-infection. Our finding of B. microti co-infection documents the increasing clinical relevance of this emerging infection
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insights into Borrelia miyamotoi infection from an untreated case demonstrating relapsing fever monocytosis and a positive c6 lyme serology
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2016Co-Authors: Praveen Sudhindra, Peter J. Krause, Guiqing Wang, Martin E Schriefer, Donna Mckenna, Jian Zhuge, Adriana Marques, Gary P WormserAbstract:We describe a patient from the United States with PCR- and serology-confirmed Borrelia miyamotoi infection who recovered without antibiotics. Our findings suggest that B. miyamotoi infection may cause relapsing fever, blood monocytosis and antibody reactivity to the C6 peptide. Further studies are required to better define the spectrum of clinical and laboratory findings for this emerging tick-transmitted infection.
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update and commentary on four emerging tick borne infections ehrlichia muris like agent Borrelia miyamotoi deer tick virus heartland virus and whether ticks play a role in transmission of bartonella henselae
Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 2015Co-Authors: Gary P Wormser, Bobbi S PrittAbstract:Emerging tick-borne infections continue to be observed in the United States and elsewhere. Current information on the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory features, and treatment of infections due to Ehrlichia muris-like agent, deer tick virus, Borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato, and Heartland virus was provided and critically reviewed. More research is needed to define the incidence and to understand the clinical and the laboratory features of these infections. There is also a growing need for the development of sensitive and specific serologic and molecular assays for these infections that are easily accessible to clinicians.
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update and commentary on four emerging tick borne infections ehrlichia muris like agent Borrelia miyamotoi deer tick virus heartland virus and whether ticks play a role in transmission of bartonella henselae
Infectious Disease Clinics of North America, 2015Co-Authors: Gary P Wormser, Bobbi S PrittAbstract:espanolTick-transmitted infections, Ehrlichia, Borrelia, Deer tick virus, Powassan virus, Heartland virus, Bartonella EnglishEmerging tick-borne infections continue to be observed in the United States and elsewhere. Current information on the epidemiology, clinical and laboratory features, and treatment of infections due to Ehrlichia muris–like agent, deer tick virus, Borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato, and Heartland virus is provided and critically reviewed. More research is needed to define the incidence and to understand the clinical and the laboratory features of these infections. There is also a growing need for the development of sensitive and specific serologic and molecular assays for these infections that are easily accessible to clinicians. Keywords:
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Borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato seroreactivity and seroprevalence in the northeastern united states
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Peter J. Krause, Alan G. Barbour, Sukanya Narasimhan, Janna Brancato, A E Platonov, Gary P Wormser, Timothy Lepore, Kenneth R Dardick, Mark J Mamula, Lindsay RollendAbstract:Borrelia miyamotoi sensu lato, a relapsing fever Borrelia sp., is transmitted by the same ticks that transmit B. burgdorferi (the Lyme disease pathogen) and occurs in all Lyme disease-endemic areas of the United States. To determine the seroprevalence of IgG against B. miyamotoi sensu lato in the northeastern United States and assess whether serum from B. miyamotoi sensu lato-infected persons is reactive to B. burgdorferi antigens, we tested archived serum samples from area residents during 1991-2012. Of 639 samples from healthy persons, 25 were positive for B. miyamotoi sensu lato and 60 for B. burgdorferi. Samples from ≈10% of B. miyamotoi sensu lato-seropositive persons without a recent history of Lyme disease were seropositive for B. burgdorferi. Our results suggest that human B. miyamotoi sensu lato infection may be common in southern New England and that B. burgdorferi antibody testing is not an effective surrogate for detecting B. miyamotoi sensu lato infection.