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N N Jonsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tick susceptible bos taurus cattle display an increased cellular response at the site of larval rhipicephalus boophilus microplus attachment compared with tick resistant bos indicus cattle
International Journal for Parasitology, 2010Co-Authors: E K Piper, L A Jackson, Helle Bielefeldtohmann, Cedric Gondro, A E Lewtabor, N N JonssonAbstract:Cattle demonstrate divergent and heritable phenotypes of resistance and susceptibility to infestation with the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Bos indicus cattle are generally more resistant to tick infestation than Bos taurus breeds although large variations in resistance can occur within subspecies and within breed. Increased tick resistance has been previously associated with an intense hypersensitivity response in B. taurus breeds; however, the mechanism by which highly resistant B. indicus cattle acquire and sustain high levels of tick resistance remains to be elucidated. Using the commercially available Affymetrix microarray gene expression platform, together with histological examination of the larval attachment site, this study aimed to describe those processes responsible for high levels of tick resistance in Brahman (B. indicus) cattle that differ from those in low-resistance Holstein–Friesian (B. taurus) cattle. We found that genes involved in inflammatory processes and immune responsiveness to infestation by ticks, although up-regulated in tick-infested Holstein–Friesian cattle, were not up-regulated in Brahman cattle. In contrast, genes encoding constituents of the extracellular matrix were up-regulated in Brahmans. Furthermore, the susceptible Holstein–Friesian animals displayed a much greater cellular inflammatory response at the site of larval R. microplus attachment compared with the tick-resistant Brahman cattle.
T A Olson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of birth and weaning traits of romosinuano calves as purebreds and crosses with Brahman and angus
Journal of Animal Science, 2007Co-Authors: David G Riley, S W Coleman, C. C. Chase, T A OlsonAbstract:The objectives of this work were to evaluate birth and weaning traits, to estimate genetic effects, including heterosis and direct and maternal breed effects, and to evaluate calving difficulty, calf vigor at birth, and calf mortality of Romosinuano as purebreds and as crosses with Brahman and Angus. Calves (n = 1,348) were spring-born from 2002 through 2005 and weaned in the fall of each year at about 7 mo of age. Traits evaluated included birth and weaning weight, ADG, BCS, and weaning hip height. Models used to analyze these traits included the fixed effects of year, sire and dam breeds, management unit, calf sex, cow age, and source of Angus sire (within or outside of the research herd). Calf age in days was investigated as a covariate for weaning traits. Sire within sire breed and dam within dam breed were random effects. Estimates of Romosinuano-Brahman and Romosinuano-Angus heterosis (P < 0.05) were 2.6 + 0.3 (8.6%) and 1.4 ± 0.3 kg (4.7%) for birth weight, 20.5 ± 1.5 (9.5%) and 14.6 ± 1.4 kg (7.4%) for weaning weight, 79.2 ± 6.1 (9.8%) and 55.1 ± 6.0 g (7.5%) for ADG, 0.16 ± 0.03 (2.7%) and 0.07 ± 0.03 (1.2%) for BCS, and 2.77 ± 0.32 cm (2.4%) and 1.87 + 0.32 cm (1.7%) for hip height. Heterosis for Brahman-Angus was greater (P < 0.05) than all Romosinuano estimates except those for Romosinuano-Brahman and Romosinuano-Angus BCS. Romosinuano direct effects were negative and lowest of the breeds, except for the Angus estimate for hip height. Romosinuano maternal effects were the largest of the 3 breeds for birth weight and hip height but intermediate to the other breeds for weaning weight and ADG. A large proportion of Brahman-sired calves from Angus dams (0.09 + 0.03; n = 11) was born in difficult births and died before 4 d of age. Brahman and Angus purebreds and Romosinuano-sired calves from Brahman dams also had large proportions of calves that died before weaning (0.09 or greater). Results indicated that Romosinuano may be used as a source of adaptation to subtropical environments and still incorporate substantial crossbred advantage for weaning traits, although not to the extent of crosses of Brahman and Angus.
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heat tolerance in two tropically adapted bos taurus breeds senepol and romosinuano compared with Brahman angus and hereford cattle in florida
Journal of Animal Science, 1996Co-Authors: A C Hammond, D W Vogt, T A Olson, E J Bowers, Clifton N Murphy, Ronald D. Randel, C. C. Chase, Assefaw TewoldeAbstract:Two trials were conducted with heif- ers to determine heat tolerance among temperate Bos taurus (Angus, Hereford), Bos indicus (Brahman), tropical Bos taurus (Senepol, Romosinuano), and the reciprocal crosses of Hereford and Senepol. Differences among breeds in temperament score, circulating concentrations of cortisol, and blood packed cell volume were also investigated. Trial 1 used 43 Angus, 28 Brahman, 12 Hereford, 23 Romosinuano, 16 Senepol, 5 Hereford × Senepol (H × S), and 5 Senepol × Hereford (S × H) heifers. Trial 2 used 36 Angus, 31 Brahman, 9 Hereford, 14 Senepol, 19 H × S, and 10 S × H heifers. On the hottest summer date in Trial 1, rectal temperature of Angus was greater ( P < .001) than that of Brahman, Senepol, or Romosinuano. Rectal temperature and plasma cortisol were signifi- cantly less in Senepol than in Brahman, suggesting that the differences in rectal temperature between these breeds may be due to differences in stress response possibly related to differences in tempera- ment. Reciprocal crosses of Hereford and Senepol had rectal temperatures nearly as low as that of Senepol and displayed substantial heterosis ( -9.4%, P < .05) in log10 rectal temperature on the hottest summer date. On both the hottest and coolest dates in Trial 1, Angus heifers had significantly faster respiration rates than Brahman, Romosinuano, or Senepol heif- ers, and Brahman had significantly slower respiration rates than Romosinuano or Senepol. On the hottest summer date in Trial 2, rectal temperature in Angus heifers was greater ( P < .001) than in Brahman or Senepol heifers. Reciprocal crosses of Hereford and Senepol had rectal temperatures similar to that of Senepol, and heterosis for log 10 rectal temperature was similar to that in Trial 1 ( -9.8%, P < .05). Considering rank order among breeds, Brahman always had the slowest respiration rate and greatest packed cell volume. Brahman had significantly greater temperament scores and plasma cortisol concentra- tions than Angus or Senepol, except that plasma cortisol was not different between Brahman and Senepol on the hottest summer date. On this date, rectal temperature did not differ between Brahman and Senepol, which supports the hypothesis that there is a relationship between response to stress and rectal temperature that helps explain differences in rectal temperature between Brahman and Senepol. The results of these trials demonstrate heat tolerance of the Senepol and Romosinuano, two Bos taurus breeds. Furthermore, the results suggest a substantial level of dominance of the Senepol's ability to maintain con- stant body temperature in a hot environment as measured by rectal temperature in crosses with a non- adapted breed.
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heat tolerance in two tropically adapted bos taurus breeds senepol and romosinuano compared with Brahman angus and hereford cattle in florida
Journal of Animal Science, 1996Co-Authors: A C Hammond, D W Vogt, T A Olson, E J Bowers, Clifton N Murphy, C. C. Chase, R. D. Randel, Assefaw TewoldeAbstract:Two trials were conducted with heifers to determine heat tolerance among temperate Bos taurus (Angus, Hereford), Bos indicus (Brahman), tropical Bos taurus (Senepol, Romosinuano), and the reciprocal crosses of Hereford and Senepol. Differences among breeds in temperament score, circulating concentrations of cortisol, and blood packed cell volume were also investigated. Trial 1 used 43 Angus, 28 Brahman, 12 Hereford, 23 Romosinuano, 16 Senepol, 5 Hereford x Senepol (H x S), and 5 Senepol x Hereford (S x H) heifers. Trial 2 used 36 Angus, 31 Brahman, 9 Hereford, 14 Senepol, 19 H x S, and 10 S x H heifers. On the hottest summer date in Trial 1, rectal temperature of Angus was greater (P < .001) than that of Brahman, Senepol, or Romosinuano. Rectal temperature and plasma cortisol were significantly less in Senepol than in Brahman, suggesting that the differences in rectal temperature between these breeds may be due to differences in stress response possibly related to differences in temperament. Reciprocal crosses of Hereford and Senepol had rectal temperatures nearly as low as that of Senepol and displayed substantial heterosis (-9.4%, P < .05) in log10 rectal temperature on the hottest summer date. On both the hottest and coolest dates in Trial 1, Angus heifers had significantly faster respiration rates than Brahman, Romosinuano, or Senepol heifers, and Brahman had significantly slower respiration rates than Romosinuano or Senepol. On the hottest summer date in Trial 2, rectal temperature in Angus heifers was greater (P < .001) than in Brahman or Senepol had rectal temperatures similar to that of Senepol, or heterosis for log10 rectal temperature was similar to that in Trial 1 (-9.8%, P < .05). Considering rank order among breeds, Brahman always had the slowest respiration rate and greatest packed cell volume. Brahman had significantly greater temperament scores and plasma cortisol concentrations than Angus or Senepol, except that plasma cortisol was not different between Brahman and Senepol on the hottest summer date. On this date, rectal temperature did not differ between Brahman and Senepol, which supports the hypothesis that there is a relationship between response to stress and rectal temperature that helps explain differences in rectal temperature between Brahman and Senepol. The results of these trials demonstrate heat tolerance of the Senepol and Romosinuano, two Bos taurus breeds. Furthermore, the results suggest a substantial level of dominance of the Senepol's ability to maintain constant body temperature in a hot environment as measured by rectal temperature in crosses with a non-adapted breed.
Haripriya Narasimhan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tamil Brahmans: The Making of a Middle-Class Caste
2014Co-Authors: C. J. Fuller, Haripriya NarasimhanAbstract:A cruise along the streets of Chennai - or Silicon Valley - filled with professional young Indian men and women, reveals the new face of India. In the twenty-first century, Indians have acquired a new kind of global visibility, one of rapid economic advancement and, in the information technology industry, spectacular prowess. In this book, C. J. Fuller and Haripriya Narasimhan examine one particularly striking group who have taken part in this development: Tamil Brahmans - a formerly traditional, rural, high-caste elite who have transformed themselves into a new middle-class caste in India, the United States, and elsewhere. Fuller and Narasimhan offer one of the most comprehensive looks at Tamil Brahmans around the world to date. They examine Brahman migration from rural to urban areas, more recent transnational migration, and how the Brahman way of life has translated to both Indian cities and American suburbs. They look at modern education and the new employment opportunities afforded by engineering and IT. They examine how Sanskritic Hinduism and traditional music and dance have shaped Tamil Brahmans' particular middle-class sensibilities and how middle-class status is related to the changing position of women. Above all, they explore the complex relationship between class and caste systems and the ways in which hierarchy has persisted in modernized India.
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Marriage, Education, and Employment among Tamil Brahman Women in South India, 1891–2010 *
Modern Asian Studies, 2012Co-Authors: C. J. Fuller, Haripriya NarasimhanAbstract:A hundred years ago, pre-puberty marriage for girls was the norm among South Indian Tamil Brahmans, and Brahman girls received little or no education. By the 1940s, child marriage had largely ended and girls’ education was improving gradually. Today, girls’ educational standards more or less match that of boys’, and many Brahman women are also employed outside the home. In relation to marriage and education in particular, the position of women has greatly improved, which is regarded by Tamil Brahmans themselves as a sign of their modern, educated, professional, middle-class status, whereas extreme gender inequality formerly indicated their traditional, high-caste status. This paper examines how female marriage, education, and employment are interrelated and how they have changed among Tamil Brahmans, particularly in the Eighteen-Village Vattima subcaste, which continued child marriage until the 1970s. Among Tamil Brahmans, as both women and men recognize, a real reduction in gender inequality has occurred. Moreover, Brahman men have more readily ceded status to Brahman women than Brahmans together have to non-Brahmans, so that there is a striking contrast today between persisting ideas of caste superiority and diminishing gender inequality.
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Marriage, Education, and Employment among Tamil Brahman Women in South India, 1891–2010
Modern Asian Studies, 2012Co-Authors: C. J. Fuller, Haripriya NarasimhanAbstract:AbstractA hundred years ago, pre-puberty marriage for girls was the norm among South Indian Tamil Brahmans, and Brahman girls received little or no education. By the 1940s, child marriage had largely ended and girls’ education was improving gradually. Today, girls’ educational standards more or less match that of boys’, and many Brahman women are also employed outside the home. In relation to marriage and education in particular, the position of women has greatly improved, which is regarded by Tamil Brahmans themselves as a sign of their modern, educated, professional, middle-class status, whereas extreme gender inequality formerly indicated their traditional, high-caste status. This paper examines how female marriage, education, and employment are interrelated and how they have changed among Tamil Brahmans, particularly in the Eighteen-Village Vattima subcaste, which continued child marriage until the 1970s. Among Tamil Brahmans, as both women and men recognize, a real reduction in gender inequality has occurred. Moreover, Brahman men have more readily ceded status to Brahman women than Brahmans together have to non-Brahmans, so that there is a striking contrast today between persisting ideas of caste superiority and diminishing gender inequality.
C. C. Chase - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of tropically adapted straightbred and crossbred beef cattle: heifer age and size at first conception and characteristics of their first calves.
Journal of animal science, 2010Co-Authors: D G Riley, Timothy A. Olson, Samuel W. Coleman, C. C. Chase, Ronald D. RandelAbstract:The objectives of this work were to es- timate genetic effects for age and size at estimated time of first conception, and temperament in straightbred and crossbred heifers (n = 554) produced from Romo- sinuano, Brahman, and Angus cattle, and to evaluate first-parturition performance of heifers, including calf birth weight, occurrence of calving difficulty, occurrence of poor vigor in their newborn calves, and calf mortal- ity. At approximately 7 mo of age, weaned heifers were pastured with Mashona or Tuli bulls until confirmed pregnant. Body weight, hip height, exit velocity (m/s), and chute temperament score (1 = calm, no movement; 5 = continuous movement, struggling) were recorded at 28-d intervals until heifers averaged 19 mo of age. Age at first conception was estimated as age at calving minus 285 d. Regression analyses were used to estimate BW and hip height at age of first conception. Brahman heifers were older, heavier, and had greater hip height than other straightbred groups (P < 0.05) and most crossbred groups. Brahman and reciprocal Brahman- Angus heifers had greater (P < 0.05) exit velocity than Romosinuano and Angus heifers. Brahman sire and dam breed chute temperament scores were greater (P < 0.05) than those of all other breed groups. Estimates of heterosis for age at first conception were −53.7 ± 9.5 (−11%), −56 ± 10.1 (−11%), and −92.9 ± 11 d (−18%) for Romosinuano-Brahman, Romosinuano-An- gus, and Brahman-Angus, respectively (P < 0.01). Het- erosis was detected (P < 0.04) for Romosinuano-Brah- man for BW (12 ± 4.3 kg, 3.7%) and hip height (1.3 ± 0.6 cm, 1%) at first conception. Maternal heterosis for calf birth weight was 3.6 ± 0.5 (12%) and 2.4 ± 0.6 kg (8.6%) for Romosinuano-Angus and Brahman-Angus. In Romosinuano-Brahman and Brahman-Angus, het- erosis for exit velocity was 0.23 ± 0.09 (10%) and 0.5 ± 0.1 m/s (21%). The direct breed effect of Romosinu- ano was to reduce age (−58.2 ± 18.9 d), BW (−57.6 ± 10.5 kg), and hip height (−2.6 ± 1.1 cm) at the time of first conception (P < 0.01), and the direct Brahman effects (P < 0.001) were large and numerically positive for these traits (169.8 ± 20.8 d, 93.3 ± 11.6 kg, and 14 ± 1.2 cm). Use of Romosinuano in crossbreeding programs with Brahman may be useful for decreasing the age at first conception. The larger birth weights of calves born to Romosinuano-Angus cross heifers would not be desirable in southern cow-calf operations.
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evaluation of birth and weaning traits of romosinuano calves as purebreds and crosses with Brahman and angus
Journal of Animal Science, 2007Co-Authors: David G Riley, S W Coleman, C. C. Chase, T A OlsonAbstract:The objectives of this work were to evaluate birth and weaning traits, to estimate genetic effects, including heterosis and direct and maternal breed effects, and to evaluate calving difficulty, calf vigor at birth, and calf mortality of Romosinuano as purebreds and as crosses with Brahman and Angus. Calves (n = 1,348) were spring-born from 2002 through 2005 and weaned in the fall of each year at about 7 mo of age. Traits evaluated included birth and weaning weight, ADG, BCS, and weaning hip height. Models used to analyze these traits included the fixed effects of year, sire and dam breeds, management unit, calf sex, cow age, and source of Angus sire (within or outside of the research herd). Calf age in days was investigated as a covariate for weaning traits. Sire within sire breed and dam within dam breed were random effects. Estimates of Romosinuano-Brahman and Romosinuano-Angus heterosis (P < 0.05) were 2.6 + 0.3 (8.6%) and 1.4 ± 0.3 kg (4.7%) for birth weight, 20.5 ± 1.5 (9.5%) and 14.6 ± 1.4 kg (7.4%) for weaning weight, 79.2 ± 6.1 (9.8%) and 55.1 ± 6.0 g (7.5%) for ADG, 0.16 ± 0.03 (2.7%) and 0.07 ± 0.03 (1.2%) for BCS, and 2.77 ± 0.32 cm (2.4%) and 1.87 + 0.32 cm (1.7%) for hip height. Heterosis for Brahman-Angus was greater (P < 0.05) than all Romosinuano estimates except those for Romosinuano-Brahman and Romosinuano-Angus BCS. Romosinuano direct effects were negative and lowest of the breeds, except for the Angus estimate for hip height. Romosinuano maternal effects were the largest of the 3 breeds for birth weight and hip height but intermediate to the other breeds for weaning weight and ADG. A large proportion of Brahman-sired calves from Angus dams (0.09 + 0.03; n = 11) was born in difficult births and died before 4 d of age. Brahman and Angus purebreds and Romosinuano-sired calves from Brahman dams also had large proportions of calves that died before weaning (0.09 or greater). Results indicated that Romosinuano may be used as a source of adaptation to subtropical environments and still incorporate substantial crossbred advantage for weaning traits, although not to the extent of crosses of Brahman and Angus.
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Maternal and reproductive performance of Brahman x Angus, Senepol x Angus, and Tuli x Angus cows in the subtropics
Journal of Animal Science, 2004Co-Authors: C. C. Chase, Timothy A. Olson, D G Riley, Samuel W. Coleman, A C HammondAbstract:To determine the maternal and reproductive performance of F 1 cows in the subtropics, 42 Brahman x Angus, 34 Senepol x Angus, and 50 Tuli x Angus cows were bred to Angus bulls to calve first and subsequently bred to Charolais bulls to calve as 3- to 8-yr-olds. Age at first calving did not differ among crossbred cows. Angus-sired calf birth weights were heavier (P < 0.01) from Senepol x Angus than either Brahman x Angus or Tuli x Angus cows. Weaning weights of Angus-sired calves were heavier (P < 0.01) from Brahman x Angus (213.5 kg) than either Senepol x Angus (194.9 kg) or Tuli x Angus (191.5 kg) cows. As 3- to 8-yr-old cows, calf birth weights were heavier (P < 0.05) from Senepol x Angus compared with Brahman x Angus but not Tuli x Angus cows. Weaning weights of Charolais-sired calves were heaviest (P < 0.05) from Brahman x Angus cows (268.9 kg), lightest from Tuli x Angus cows (233.4 kg), and intermediate from Senepol x Angus cows (245.0 kg). Calf crop born and calf crop weaned were lowest (P < 0.05) for Senepol x Angus cows (76.9 and 70.2%) and did not differ between Brahman x Angus (89.0 and 86.1%) and Tuli x Angus (94.7 and 86.5%) cows. Tuli x Angus cows tended (P < 0.10) to have a lower percentage of unassisted births and lower (P < 0.10) calf survival to weaning than Brahman x Angus cows but not Senepol x Angus cows. As 3- to 8-yr-olds, weaning weight per cow exposed was greatest (P < 0.05) for Brahman x Angus (234.2 kg), least (P < 0.05) for Senepol x Angus (173.0 kg), and intermediate (P < 0.05) for Tuli x Angus (209.1 kg) cows. Also as 3- to 8-yr-olds, efficiency (205-d calf weight per 100 kg of cow exposed) was similar for Brahman x Angus (42.2) and Tuli x Angus cows (40.7), and both were greater (P < 0.01) than for Senepol x Angus cows (33.8). These data indicate that, in the subtropics, maternal and reproductive performance of Tuli x Angus cows, but not Senepol x Angus cows, was comparable to Brahman x Angus cows, except for lower calf survivability and weaning weight.
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heat tolerance in two tropically adapted bos taurus breeds senepol and romosinuano compared with Brahman angus and hereford cattle in florida
Journal of Animal Science, 1996Co-Authors: A C Hammond, D W Vogt, T A Olson, E J Bowers, Clifton N Murphy, Ronald D. Randel, C. C. Chase, Assefaw TewoldeAbstract:Two trials were conducted with heif- ers to determine heat tolerance among temperate Bos taurus (Angus, Hereford), Bos indicus (Brahman), tropical Bos taurus (Senepol, Romosinuano), and the reciprocal crosses of Hereford and Senepol. Differences among breeds in temperament score, circulating concentrations of cortisol, and blood packed cell volume were also investigated. Trial 1 used 43 Angus, 28 Brahman, 12 Hereford, 23 Romosinuano, 16 Senepol, 5 Hereford × Senepol (H × S), and 5 Senepol × Hereford (S × H) heifers. Trial 2 used 36 Angus, 31 Brahman, 9 Hereford, 14 Senepol, 19 H × S, and 10 S × H heifers. On the hottest summer date in Trial 1, rectal temperature of Angus was greater ( P < .001) than that of Brahman, Senepol, or Romosinuano. Rectal temperature and plasma cortisol were signifi- cantly less in Senepol than in Brahman, suggesting that the differences in rectal temperature between these breeds may be due to differences in stress response possibly related to differences in tempera- ment. Reciprocal crosses of Hereford and Senepol had rectal temperatures nearly as low as that of Senepol and displayed substantial heterosis ( -9.4%, P < .05) in log10 rectal temperature on the hottest summer date. On both the hottest and coolest dates in Trial 1, Angus heifers had significantly faster respiration rates than Brahman, Romosinuano, or Senepol heif- ers, and Brahman had significantly slower respiration rates than Romosinuano or Senepol. On the hottest summer date in Trial 2, rectal temperature in Angus heifers was greater ( P < .001) than in Brahman or Senepol heifers. Reciprocal crosses of Hereford and Senepol had rectal temperatures similar to that of Senepol, and heterosis for log 10 rectal temperature was similar to that in Trial 1 ( -9.8%, P < .05). Considering rank order among breeds, Brahman always had the slowest respiration rate and greatest packed cell volume. Brahman had significantly greater temperament scores and plasma cortisol concentra- tions than Angus or Senepol, except that plasma cortisol was not different between Brahman and Senepol on the hottest summer date. On this date, rectal temperature did not differ between Brahman and Senepol, which supports the hypothesis that there is a relationship between response to stress and rectal temperature that helps explain differences in rectal temperature between Brahman and Senepol. The results of these trials demonstrate heat tolerance of the Senepol and Romosinuano, two Bos taurus breeds. Furthermore, the results suggest a substantial level of dominance of the Senepol's ability to maintain con- stant body temperature in a hot environment as measured by rectal temperature in crosses with a non- adapted breed.
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heat tolerance in two tropically adapted bos taurus breeds senepol and romosinuano compared with Brahman angus and hereford cattle in florida
Journal of Animal Science, 1996Co-Authors: A C Hammond, D W Vogt, T A Olson, E J Bowers, Clifton N Murphy, C. C. Chase, R. D. Randel, Assefaw TewoldeAbstract:Two trials were conducted with heifers to determine heat tolerance among temperate Bos taurus (Angus, Hereford), Bos indicus (Brahman), tropical Bos taurus (Senepol, Romosinuano), and the reciprocal crosses of Hereford and Senepol. Differences among breeds in temperament score, circulating concentrations of cortisol, and blood packed cell volume were also investigated. Trial 1 used 43 Angus, 28 Brahman, 12 Hereford, 23 Romosinuano, 16 Senepol, 5 Hereford x Senepol (H x S), and 5 Senepol x Hereford (S x H) heifers. Trial 2 used 36 Angus, 31 Brahman, 9 Hereford, 14 Senepol, 19 H x S, and 10 S x H heifers. On the hottest summer date in Trial 1, rectal temperature of Angus was greater (P < .001) than that of Brahman, Senepol, or Romosinuano. Rectal temperature and plasma cortisol were significantly less in Senepol than in Brahman, suggesting that the differences in rectal temperature between these breeds may be due to differences in stress response possibly related to differences in temperament. Reciprocal crosses of Hereford and Senepol had rectal temperatures nearly as low as that of Senepol and displayed substantial heterosis (-9.4%, P < .05) in log10 rectal temperature on the hottest summer date. On both the hottest and coolest dates in Trial 1, Angus heifers had significantly faster respiration rates than Brahman, Romosinuano, or Senepol heifers, and Brahman had significantly slower respiration rates than Romosinuano or Senepol. On the hottest summer date in Trial 2, rectal temperature in Angus heifers was greater (P < .001) than in Brahman or Senepol had rectal temperatures similar to that of Senepol, or heterosis for log10 rectal temperature was similar to that in Trial 1 (-9.8%, P < .05). Considering rank order among breeds, Brahman always had the slowest respiration rate and greatest packed cell volume. Brahman had significantly greater temperament scores and plasma cortisol concentrations than Angus or Senepol, except that plasma cortisol was not different between Brahman and Senepol on the hottest summer date. On this date, rectal temperature did not differ between Brahman and Senepol, which supports the hypothesis that there is a relationship between response to stress and rectal temperature that helps explain differences in rectal temperature between Brahman and Senepol. The results of these trials demonstrate heat tolerance of the Senepol and Romosinuano, two Bos taurus breeds. Furthermore, the results suggest a substantial level of dominance of the Senepol's ability to maintain constant body temperature in a hot environment as measured by rectal temperature in crosses with a non-adapted breed.
B M Bindon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Brahman and Brahman crossbred cattle grown on pasture and in feedlots in subtropical and temperate Australia. 1. Carcass quality
Animal Production Science, 2009Co-Authors: K. M. Schutt, Heather M Burrow, John Mitchell Thompson, B M BindonAbstract:Brahmans are known to have poorer carcass quality relative to Bos taurus breeds and crossbreds under temperate environments; however, little is known of their performance in subtropical environments. The Cooperative Research Centre for Cattle and Beef Industry (Meat Quality) initiated a crossbred progeny test experiment to compare straightbred Brahmans with Brahman crossbreds finished on pasture and grain, in subtropical and temperate environments, to carcass quality specifications of Australian domestic and export markets. Brahman, Belmont Red, Santa Gertrudis, Angus, Hereford, Shorthorn, Charolais and Limousin sires were mated to Brahman females in subtropical Queensland over 3 years to produce 1750 progeny. At a common age at slaughter, Charolais crossbreds had the highest hot carcass weight (CWT) but were not significantly heavier than Limousin or British crossbred progeny. At common carcass weights, breeds within breed type (British, Continental, tropically adapted) performed similarly. British and Santa Gertrudis crossbreds had the fattest carcasses and lowest yields. British and Belmont Red crossbreds had the highest intramuscular fat percentage (IMF). Continental crossbreds had the highest retail beef yield (RBY), kilograms of retail primals (RTPM) and percent retail primals (pcRTPM) and leanest carcasses. Brahmans had the lowest CWT, intermediate subcutaneous fat cover, high yields and low IMF. Animals finished in the subtropics on pasture were significantly older, leaner and had higher RBY, RTPM and pcRTPM than subtropical feedlot-finished contemporaries. Temperate feedlot animals had significantly more IMF, less subcutaneous fat at the P8 site and slightly lower yields than subtropical feedlot contemporaries, indicating possible effects of postweaning growth path on fat distribution. Belmont Red crossbreds demonstrated the advantages of adaptation with the highest IMF in both subtropical finishing regimes, while Angus progeny had the highest IMF in the temperate feedlot environment and highest IMF overall when analysed across finishing regimes. Significant interactions were mainly the result of scale effects rather than breed re-ranking for carcass traits across markets and finishing regimes. Therefore, breeds that performed well for certain carcass traits in subtropical environments performed consistently for those traits in temperate environments relative to other sire breeds, regardless of market endpoint or finishing nutrition.
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Meat quality traits of grass and grain finished Brahman crosses for domestic and export markets.
1999Co-Authors: S Newman, Heather M Burrow, Rk Shepherd, B M BindonAbstract:Brahman females were mated to sires of eight breeds (Brahman, Santa Gertrudis, Belmont Red, Angus, Hereford, Shorthorn, Charolais and Limousin) to produce straightbred Brahman and Fi crossbred calves in 1996. Calves were finished either on pasture in northern Australia or feedlot in northern or southern Australia for the domestic, Korean or Japanese markets. Differences between sire breeds for intramuscular fat percentage were not expressed in domestic market weight animals, where intramuscular fat percentage (IMF %) values were very low. At later market weights, differences between sire breeds in IMF % were consistent with increasing age. Based on peak force measurements, straightbred Brahman progeny consistently had the toughest meat at all market endpoints.