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J A Stegemann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biosolids and microalgae as alternative binders for biomass fuel briquetting
Fuel, 2017Co-Authors: Rukayya Ibrahim Muazu, J A StegemannAbstract:Abstract Binders can be employed to improve the particle adhesion, compressive strength, abrasion resistance and energy content of densified biomass, such as Briquettes. They may also reduce the energy cost of producing such Briquettes, by reducing the compaction pressure, conditioning temperature and the wear on production equipment. This study explored and compared the effects of three different binders, including starch, enhanced treated biosolids and microalgae, on density, durability, energy content and combustion characteristics of fuel Briquettes produced from blends of rice husks, corn cobs and bagasse, in a multilevel factorial design experiment. Briquettes had relaxed unit densities of 1.9–3.3 times the loose biomass bulk density, and were stronger than Briquettes from the individual materials, with an average unconfined compressive strength of 125 kPa. An unconfined compressive strength of 175 kPa was achieved for a 2:4:1 blend of rice husks, corn cobs and bagasse with the microalgae binder at a compaction pressure of 31 MPa. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the addition of biosolids and microalgae binders significantly improved briquette density, while the addition of starch reduced briquette density, and biosolids reduced briquette strength. Of all the Briquettes produced with the three binders, those containing the microalgae binder were found to be most durable, with a higher energy value, slower mass loss during briquette combustion, and a higher afterglow time. Since microalgae may be grown using CO 2 from biomass combustion, discovery of their advantages as a binder in briquetting is particularly welcome.
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effects of operating variables on durability of fuel Briquettes from rice husks and corn cobs
Fuel Processing Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Rukayya Ibrahim Muazu, J A StegemannAbstract:Abstract Biomass densification processes increase fuel energy density for more efficient transport. This study presents new data to show that blending different types of biomass improves the properties of densified biomass Briquettes. The specific objectives were to investigate the effects of sample batch (biomass source), material ratio (rice husks to corn cobs), addition of binder (starch and water mixture) and compaction pressure, on briquette properties, using a factorial experiment. Briquettes had a unit density of up to 1.9 times the loose biomass bulk density, and were stronger than Briquettes from the individual materials. Considering average values from two biomass sources, an unconfined compressive strength of 176 kPa was achieved at a compaction pressure of 31 MPa for a 3:7 blend of rice husks to corn cobs with 10% binder. These Briquettes were durable, with only 4% mass loss during abrasion and 10% mass loss during shattering tests. They absorbed 36% less water than loose corn cobs. Statistical analysis of the results showed that starch and water addition was required for adequate briquette strength, but significantly reduced green and relaxed densities. The source of the biomass had a significant effect on densification, which emphasises the need to understand factors underlying biomass variability.
B B Acheampong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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strength properties and calorific values of sawdust Briquettes as wood residue energy generation source from tropical hardwoods of different densities
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2016Co-Authors: Charles Antwiboasiako, B B AcheampongAbstract:Agricultural and wood residues are principal energy sources for domestic and industrial activities. However, they are often hardly utilized. Conventional wood material for briquetting optimizes combustion and efficient power production. The relationship between strength properties, resistance to humidity and calorific values of sawdust-Briquettes from three tropical hardwoods of different densities [Cylicodiscus gabunensis (heavy), Antiaris toxicaria (medium) and Ceiba pentandra (light)] and a Mixed/Composite type was determined. Wood density influenced all the briquette properties and positively correlated with their Calorific Values (CVs) as: C. gabunensis > A. toxicaria > Mixed type > C. pentandra. However, light timber Briquettes had greater Compressive Strength, Swelling Value (i.e., less resistance to humidity) and Shatter Index than dense wood Briquettes: C. pentandra > Mixed type > A. toxicaria > C. gabunensis. C. gabunensis briquette recorded less elongation value (8.85%) than the standard stipulated (i.e., 20–50%/min.) specifying its quality to resist deterioration on exposure to humidity/water in open sheds. Enormous briquette Swelling Values for A. toxicaria (60.04%), Mixed type (66.16%) and C. pentandra (70.88%) indicate they would deteriorate fast and require great care to store, handle and transport. However, the large Shatter Indices for the Mixed type (98.8%) and C. pentandra (99.16%) denote their high durability to gravitational deterioration. Briquette technology, a “waste-to-energy method”, contributes to offset bio-residue management problems and reduce toxic emissions from its incomplete carbonization. Thus, comprehensive understanding of wood-residue briquette characteristics is significant for fuel-energy generation.
Rukayya Ibrahim Muazu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biosolids and microalgae as alternative binders for biomass fuel briquetting
Fuel, 2017Co-Authors: Rukayya Ibrahim Muazu, J A StegemannAbstract:Abstract Binders can be employed to improve the particle adhesion, compressive strength, abrasion resistance and energy content of densified biomass, such as Briquettes. They may also reduce the energy cost of producing such Briquettes, by reducing the compaction pressure, conditioning temperature and the wear on production equipment. This study explored and compared the effects of three different binders, including starch, enhanced treated biosolids and microalgae, on density, durability, energy content and combustion characteristics of fuel Briquettes produced from blends of rice husks, corn cobs and bagasse, in a multilevel factorial design experiment. Briquettes had relaxed unit densities of 1.9–3.3 times the loose biomass bulk density, and were stronger than Briquettes from the individual materials, with an average unconfined compressive strength of 125 kPa. An unconfined compressive strength of 175 kPa was achieved for a 2:4:1 blend of rice husks, corn cobs and bagasse with the microalgae binder at a compaction pressure of 31 MPa. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the addition of biosolids and microalgae binders significantly improved briquette density, while the addition of starch reduced briquette density, and biosolids reduced briquette strength. Of all the Briquettes produced with the three binders, those containing the microalgae binder were found to be most durable, with a higher energy value, slower mass loss during briquette combustion, and a higher afterglow time. Since microalgae may be grown using CO 2 from biomass combustion, discovery of their advantages as a binder in briquetting is particularly welcome.
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effects of operating variables on durability of fuel Briquettes from rice husks and corn cobs
Fuel Processing Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Rukayya Ibrahim Muazu, J A StegemannAbstract:Abstract Biomass densification processes increase fuel energy density for more efficient transport. This study presents new data to show that blending different types of biomass improves the properties of densified biomass Briquettes. The specific objectives were to investigate the effects of sample batch (biomass source), material ratio (rice husks to corn cobs), addition of binder (starch and water mixture) and compaction pressure, on briquette properties, using a factorial experiment. Briquettes had a unit density of up to 1.9 times the loose biomass bulk density, and were stronger than Briquettes from the individual materials. Considering average values from two biomass sources, an unconfined compressive strength of 176 kPa was achieved at a compaction pressure of 31 MPa for a 3:7 blend of rice husks to corn cobs with 10% binder. These Briquettes were durable, with only 4% mass loss during abrasion and 10% mass loss during shattering tests. They absorbed 36% less water than loose corn cobs. Statistical analysis of the results showed that starch and water addition was required for adequate briquette strength, but significantly reduced green and relaxed densities. The source of the biomass had a significant effect on densification, which emphasises the need to understand factors underlying biomass variability.
Alexsandro Bayestorff Da Cunha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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production of Briquettes as a tool to optimize the use of waste from rice cultivation and industrial processing
Renewable Energy, 2017Co-Authors: Martha Andreia Brand, Rodolfo Cardoso Jacinto, Rodrigo Antunes, Alexsandro Bayestorff Da CunhaAbstract:The aim of this study was to analyse the quality of Briquettes produced with different proportions of rice husk, rice straw and rice husk ash. The waste of rice production chain was collected in the harvest of 2015, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The properties evaluated were moisture content, basic density, bulk density, particle size, gross calorific value and proximate analysis on the rice husk, rice straw and rice husk ash. Moreover, the extractives and acid insoluble lignin content in the rice husk and rice straw in natura were analysed. The Briquettes were produced in a laboratory with an hydraulic briquette machine, at a temperature of 120 °C and a Bar pressure of 95. The Briquettes had the following compositions: rice husk (100%), rice straw (100%), rice husk (75%) with rice straw (25%), rice husk (25%) with rice straw (75%), rice husk (30%) with rice straw (60%) and rice husk ash (10%), rice husk (90%) with rice husk ash (10%), and finally, rice straw (90%) with rice husk ash (10%). The properties determined in the Briquettes were moisture content, bulk density, gross calorific value and proximate analysis. Rice wastes have the potential for energy use in the form of Briquettes. Without prior treatment for the rice husk, the rice straw should be grounded, dried and the rice husk ash collected before passing through the burners. The briquette that showed the best physical properties was composed of 30% of rice husk, 60% of rice straw and 10% of rice husk ash. The inclusion of rice straw in the mixes increased the bulk density, and the addition of ash increased the compression strength of the Briquettes. The particle size had a greater influence than the basic density of the waste in the physical properties of the Briquettes. Due to energetic properties, the inclusion of rice straw improved the quality of Briquettes. The briquette with the best energy quality was the homogeneous rice straw briquette, followed by mixtures with higher proportions of rice straw.
M Ngadi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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physical properties of rice husk and bran Briquettes under low pressure densification for rural applications
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2016Co-Authors: A Yank, M NgadiAbstract:Abstract Agriculture generates large amount of by-products that could be used to produce energy and reduce the amount of fuelwood required to meet the daily cooking needs, especially in developing countries. Rice is a major crop grown in West Africa and rice husk is a by-product of the milling process. The goal of this study was to develop a low cost system to produce biomass Briquettes from rice husks in the context of a rural village. A manual press generating a pressure of 4.2 MPa was developed and used. The influence of the briquette formulation (type of binder, binder content, water addition, and bran content) was studied. The binders investigated were cassava wastewater, rice dust, and okra stem gum. The physical properties (density, moisture content, calorific value, durability, and compressive strength) were tested to identify the Briquettes with the highest quality, i.e. greatest physical integrity. The Briquettes made with rice dust had the highest durability (91.9%) and compressive strength (2.54 kN), while the Briquettes made with cassava starch wastewater had the greatest density (441.18 kg m −3 ). Water added to the rice husk before densification positively influenced the briquette quality while bran seemed to mostly increase the density, but not necessarily the briquette quality. The briquette formulation did not significantly influence the calorific value. With a higher heating value of 16.08 MJ kg −1 dry basis, rice husk Briquettes represent an interesting alternative to fuelwood.