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Lindsey K. Albertson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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retreat but no surrender net spinning Caddisfly hydropsychidae silk has enduring effects on stream channel hydraulics
Hydrobiologia, 2020Co-Authors: Zachary Maguire, Benjamin B Tumolo, Lindsey K. AlbertsonAbstract:Animals and plants engineer their physical environment by building structures that create or modify habitat. Biotic effects on physical habitats can influence community composition, trophic dynamics, and ecosystem processes; however, the scales and mechanisms regulating the importance of biotic engineering effects are not well documented. We used a laboratory experiment with common and abundant silk net-spinning caddisflies (Trichoptera:Hydropsychidae) to investigate how biotic structures built in riverbeds influence fluid dynamics at micro spatial scales (1 cm) over 2 months. We made velocity measurements with acoustic doppler velocimetry around Caddisfly silk structures to test how they influence flow velocity and whether these effects are maintained after the structure is abandoned. We found that Caddisfly retreats reduced flow downstream by 85% and upstream by 17% compared to gravels without Caddisfly retreats. We also found that experimentally abandoned Caddisfly retreats could persist for at least 60 days, suggesting legacy effects of the structures. Although aquatic insects are rarely accounted for in hydrological models, our study suggests that small, but numerous Caddisfly larvae could have substantial hydraulic effects. Future work could address variation in the magnitude and duration of biotic engineering among different silk-producing species, densities through space or time, and hydrologic regimes.
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Aquatic macroinvertebrates stabilize gravel bed sediment: A test using silk net-spinning caddisflies in semi-natural river channels
2019Co-Authors: Lindsey K. Albertson, Leonard S. Sklar, Scott D. Cooper, Bradley J. CardinaleAbstract:Organisms can have large effects on the physical properties of the habitats where they live. For example, measurements in laboratory stream microcosms have shown that the presence of silk net-spinning insect larvae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) can increase the shear force required to initiate movement of riverbed sediments. Few studies, however, have moved beyond laboratory settings to quantify the engineering impacts of aquatic insects under more complex field conditions. To bridge the gap between small-scale laboratory experiments and natural stream ecosystems, we conducted experiments in large (50 m2) outdoor river channels where net-spinning aquatic insects were manipulated in sediment patches that were 5 to 25 times larger than in previous studies. We tested whether larvae of two Caddisfly species (Arctopsyche californica and Ceratopsyche oslari) influenced the stability of gravel during simulated floods when alone in monoculture and together in polyculture. On average, populations of caddisflies increased the critical shear stress required to initiate sediment movement by 20% compared to treatments without caddisflies. Per capita effects of caddisflies on sediment stability were similar between previous laboratory studies and this field experiment, and Arctopsyche had a larger per capita effect than Ceratopsyche, perhaps because of its larger size and stronger silk. Contrary to prior laboratory flume results, the effects of the two species on critical shear stress when together were similar to the additive expectation of both species when alone, but effects of the two species together were higher than the additive expectation when we accounted for density. Comparisons of total population and per capita effects suggest that Caddisfly density, identity, and coexisting species likely have effects on the magnitude of Caddisfly impacts on critical shear stress. Our findings imply that consideration of both the abundances and traits of ecosystem engineers is needed to describe and model their effects on sediment mobility.
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Aquatic macroinvertebrates stabilize gravel bed sediment: A test using silk net-spinning caddisflies in semi-natural river channels - Fig 2
2019Co-Authors: Lindsey K. Albertson, Leonard S. Sklar, Scott D. Cooper, Bradley J. CardinaleAbstract:(A) The critical shear stress required to initiate sediment motion (in Pascals ± 1 SEM, equivalent to average force per unit area in Newtons/m2), measured across the average Caddisfly densities (no./m2) found in the four experimental treatments in both the semi-natural channels (solid symbols, this study) and a previous laboratory study (open symbols, Albertson et al. 2014a). The figure includes data from control treatments without caddisflies (Control, circles) and experimental treatments containing Arctopsyche californica alone (A, triangles), Ceratopsyche oslari alone (C, squares), and both species together (polyculture, A + C, diamonds). (B) Total log response ratio (LRR) values across average Caddisfly densities in different Caddisfly treatments in the semi-natural and laboratory experiments. (C) Per capita LRR values across average Caddisfly densities in different Caddisfly treatments in the semi-natural and laboratory experiments. Where error bars are not visible for a given data point, they are subsumed within the symbol.
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Aquatic macroinvertebrates stabilize gravel bed sediment: A test using silk net-spinning caddisflies in semi-natural river channels - Fig 3
2019Co-Authors: Lindsey K. Albertson, Leonard S. Sklar, Scott D. Cooper, Bradley J. CardinaleAbstract:Caddisfly densities in the semi-natural experiment (solid symbols) for Arctopsyche monoculture (A), Ceratopsyche monoculture (C), and polyculture (A + C) treatments, and total Caddisfly silk net densities in four streams (open symbols), including Convict (Con.), McGee (McG.), Rush (Rus.), and Swauger (Swa.) Creeks, near the SNARL field station in Mammoth Lakes, CA, USA. Values are means ± 1 SEM, and dashed lines represent the minimum and maximum mean larval Caddisfly densities measured over three dates in each of the four streams.
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Occupied and abandoned structures from ecosystem engineering differentially facilitate stream community colonization
Wiley, 2019Co-Authors: Benjamin B Tumolo, Lindsey K. Albertson, Wyatt F. Cross, Melinda D. Daniels, Leonard S. SklarAbstract:Abstract Ecosystem engineers transform habitats in ways that facilitate a diversity of species; however, few investigations have isolated short‐term effects of engineers from the longer‐term legacy effects of their engineered structures. We investigated how initial presence of net‐spinning caddisflies (Hydropsychidae) and their structures that provide and modify habitat differentially influence benthic community colonization in a headwater stream by conducting an in situ experiment that included three treatments: (1) initial engineering organism with its habitat modification structure occupied (hereafter Caddisfly); (2) initial habitat modification structure alone (hereafter silk); and (3) a control with the initial absence of both engineer and habitat modification structure (hereafter control). Total invertebrate colonization density and biomass was higher in Caddisfly and silk treatments compared to controls (~25% and 35%, respectively). However, finer‐scale patterns of taxonomy revealed that density for one of the taxa, Chironomidae, was ~19% higher in Caddisfly compared to silk treatments. Additionally, conspecific biomass was higher by an average of 50% in silk treatments compared to controls; however, no differences in Hydropsyche sp. biomass were detected between Caddisfly treatments and controls, indicating initially abandoned silk structures elevated conspecific biomass. These findings suggest that the positive effects of the habitat modification structures that were occupied for the entirety of the experiment may outweigh any potential negative impacts from the engineer, which is known to be territorial. Importantly, these results reveal that the initial presence of the engineer itself may be important in maintaining the ecological significance of habitat modifications. Furthermore, the habitat modifications that were initially abandoned (silk) had similar positive effects on conspecific biomass compared to Caddisfly treatments, suggesting legacy effects of these engineering structures may have pertinent intraspecific feedbacks of the same magnitude to that of occupied habitat modifications. Elucidating how engineers and their habitat modifications differentially facilitate organisms will allow for a clearer mechanistic understanding of the extent to which animal engineers and their actions influence aspects of community organization such as colonization
Bradley J. Cardinale - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aquatic macroinvertebrates stabilize gravel bed sediment: A test using silk net-spinning caddisflies in semi-natural river channels - Fig 2
2019Co-Authors: Lindsey K. Albertson, Leonard S. Sklar, Scott D. Cooper, Bradley J. CardinaleAbstract:(A) The critical shear stress required to initiate sediment motion (in Pascals ± 1 SEM, equivalent to average force per unit area in Newtons/m2), measured across the average Caddisfly densities (no./m2) found in the four experimental treatments in both the semi-natural channels (solid symbols, this study) and a previous laboratory study (open symbols, Albertson et al. 2014a). The figure includes data from control treatments without caddisflies (Control, circles) and experimental treatments containing Arctopsyche californica alone (A, triangles), Ceratopsyche oslari alone (C, squares), and both species together (polyculture, A + C, diamonds). (B) Total log response ratio (LRR) values across average Caddisfly densities in different Caddisfly treatments in the semi-natural and laboratory experiments. (C) Per capita LRR values across average Caddisfly densities in different Caddisfly treatments in the semi-natural and laboratory experiments. Where error bars are not visible for a given data point, they are subsumed within the symbol.
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Aquatic macroinvertebrates stabilize gravel bed sediment: A test using silk net-spinning caddisflies in semi-natural river channels
2019Co-Authors: Lindsey K. Albertson, Leonard S. Sklar, Scott D. Cooper, Bradley J. CardinaleAbstract:Organisms can have large effects on the physical properties of the habitats where they live. For example, measurements in laboratory stream microcosms have shown that the presence of silk net-spinning insect larvae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) can increase the shear force required to initiate movement of riverbed sediments. Few studies, however, have moved beyond laboratory settings to quantify the engineering impacts of aquatic insects under more complex field conditions. To bridge the gap between small-scale laboratory experiments and natural stream ecosystems, we conducted experiments in large (50 m2) outdoor river channels where net-spinning aquatic insects were manipulated in sediment patches that were 5 to 25 times larger than in previous studies. We tested whether larvae of two Caddisfly species (Arctopsyche californica and Ceratopsyche oslari) influenced the stability of gravel during simulated floods when alone in monoculture and together in polyculture. On average, populations of caddisflies increased the critical shear stress required to initiate sediment movement by 20% compared to treatments without caddisflies. Per capita effects of caddisflies on sediment stability were similar between previous laboratory studies and this field experiment, and Arctopsyche had a larger per capita effect than Ceratopsyche, perhaps because of its larger size and stronger silk. Contrary to prior laboratory flume results, the effects of the two species on critical shear stress when together were similar to the additive expectation of both species when alone, but effects of the two species together were higher than the additive expectation when we accounted for density. Comparisons of total population and per capita effects suggest that Caddisfly density, identity, and coexisting species likely have effects on the magnitude of Caddisfly impacts on critical shear stress. Our findings imply that consideration of both the abundances and traits of ecosystem engineers is needed to describe and model their effects on sediment mobility.
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Aquatic macroinvertebrates stabilize gravel bed sediment: A test using silk net-spinning caddisflies in semi-natural river channels - Fig 3
2019Co-Authors: Lindsey K. Albertson, Leonard S. Sklar, Scott D. Cooper, Bradley J. CardinaleAbstract:Caddisfly densities in the semi-natural experiment (solid symbols) for Arctopsyche monoculture (A), Ceratopsyche monoculture (C), and polyculture (A + C) treatments, and total Caddisfly silk net densities in four streams (open symbols), including Convict (Con.), McGee (McG.), Rush (Rus.), and Swauger (Swa.) Creeks, near the SNARL field station in Mammoth Lakes, CA, USA. Values are means ± 1 SEM, and dashed lines represent the minimum and maximum mean larval Caddisfly densities measured over three dates in each of the four streams.
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a mechanistic model linking insect hydropsychidae silk nets to incipient sediment motion in gravel bedded streams
Journal of Geophysical Research, 2014Co-Authors: Lindsey K. Albertson, Leonard S. Sklar, Patricia Pontau, Bradley J. CardinaleAbstract:Plants and animals affect stream morphodynamics across a range of scales, yet including biological traits of organisms in geomorphic process models remains a fundamental challenge. For example, laboratory experiments have shown that silk nets built by Caddisfly larvae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) can increase the shear stress required to initiate bed motion by more than a factor of 2. The contributions of specific biological traits are not well understood, however. Here we develop a theoretical model for the effects of insect nets on the threshold of sediment motion, τ*crit, that accounts for the mechanical properties, geometry, and vertical distribution of insect silk, as well as interactions between insect species. To parameterize the model, we measure the tensile strength, diameter, and number of silk threads in nets built by two common species of Caddisfly, Arctopsyche californica and Ceratopsyche oslari. We compare model predictions with new measurements of τ*crit in experiments where we varied grain size and Caddisfly species composition. The model is consistent with experimental results for single species, which show that the increase in τ*crit above the abiotic control peaks at 40–70% for 10–22 mm sediments and declines with increasing grain size. For the polyculture experiments, however, the model underpredicts the measured increase in τ*crit when two Caddisfly species are present in sediments of larger grain sizes. Overall, the model helps explain why the presence of Caddisfly silk can substantially increase the forces needed to initiate sediment motion in gravel-bedded streams and also illustrates the challenge of parameterizing the behavior of multiple interacting species in a physical model.
Cory M Dinter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microbial Caddisfly bioherm association from the lower cretaceous shinekhudag formation mongolia earliest record of plant armoring in fossil Caddisfly cases
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Tsolmon Adiya, Cari L Johnson, Mark A Loewen, Kathleen A Ritterbush, Kurt N. Constenius, Cory M DinterAbstract:: Caddisfly larvae construct underwater protective cases using surrounding materials, thus providing information on environmental conditions in both modern and ancient systems. Microbial bioherms associated with Caddisfly cases are found in the Berriassian-Hauterivian (~140-130 Ma) Shinekhudag Formation of Mongolia, and yield new insights into aspects of lacustrine paleoecosystems and paleoenvironments. This formation contains the earliest record of plant-armored Caddisfly cases and a rare occurrence of microbial-Caddisfly association from the Mesozoic. The bioherms are investigated within the context of stratigraphic correlations, depositional environment interpretations, and basin-evolution models of the sedimentary fill. The bioherms form 0.5-2.0 m diameter mound-shaped bodies and are concentrated within a single, oil shale-bound stratigraphic interval. Each bioherm is composed of up to 40% Caddisfly cases along with stromatolites of millimeter-scale, micritic laminations. Petrographic analyses reveal these bioherms are composed of non-systematic associations of columnar and oncoidal microbialites, constructed around colonies of Caddisfly cases. The cases are straight to curved, slightly tapered, and tube-shaped, with a progressively increasing length and width trend (7-21 mm by 1.5-2.5 mm). Despite these variations, the case architectures reveal similar construction materials; the particles used for cases are dominated by plant fragments, ostracod valves, carbonate rocks, and rare mica and feldspar grains. Allochems within the bioherms include ooids, ostracods, plant fragments, rare gastropods, feldspar grains bound in micritic matrices, and are consolidated by carbonate dominated cements. The combination of microbial-Caddisfly association, plant fragment case particles, and ooids/oncoids are indicative of a shallow, littoral lake setting. Stratigraphic juxtaposition of nearshore bioherms and the bounding distal oil-shale facies suggests that the bioherms developed in an underfilled lake basin, resulting from an abrupt and short-lived lake desiccation event. Lake chemistry is believed to have been relatively alkaline, saline to hypersaline, and rich in Ca, Mg, and HCO3 ions. Through analyzing bioherm characteristics, Caddisfly case architecture, carbonate microfacies, and stratigraphic variability, we infer larger-scale processes that controlled basin development during their formation.
Tsolmon Adiya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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microbial Caddisfly bioherm association from the lower cretaceous shinekhudag formation mongolia earliest record of plant armoring in fossil Caddisfly cases
PLOS ONE, 2017Co-Authors: Tsolmon Adiya, Cari L Johnson, Mark A Loewen, Kathleen A Ritterbush, Kurt N. Constenius, Cory M DinterAbstract:: Caddisfly larvae construct underwater protective cases using surrounding materials, thus providing information on environmental conditions in both modern and ancient systems. Microbial bioherms associated with Caddisfly cases are found in the Berriassian-Hauterivian (~140-130 Ma) Shinekhudag Formation of Mongolia, and yield new insights into aspects of lacustrine paleoecosystems and paleoenvironments. This formation contains the earliest record of plant-armored Caddisfly cases and a rare occurrence of microbial-Caddisfly association from the Mesozoic. The bioherms are investigated within the context of stratigraphic correlations, depositional environment interpretations, and basin-evolution models of the sedimentary fill. The bioherms form 0.5-2.0 m diameter mound-shaped bodies and are concentrated within a single, oil shale-bound stratigraphic interval. Each bioherm is composed of up to 40% Caddisfly cases along with stromatolites of millimeter-scale, micritic laminations. Petrographic analyses reveal these bioherms are composed of non-systematic associations of columnar and oncoidal microbialites, constructed around colonies of Caddisfly cases. The cases are straight to curved, slightly tapered, and tube-shaped, with a progressively increasing length and width trend (7-21 mm by 1.5-2.5 mm). Despite these variations, the case architectures reveal similar construction materials; the particles used for cases are dominated by plant fragments, ostracod valves, carbonate rocks, and rare mica and feldspar grains. Allochems within the bioherms include ooids, ostracods, plant fragments, rare gastropods, feldspar grains bound in micritic matrices, and are consolidated by carbonate dominated cements. The combination of microbial-Caddisfly association, plant fragment case particles, and ooids/oncoids are indicative of a shallow, littoral lake setting. Stratigraphic juxtaposition of nearshore bioherms and the bounding distal oil-shale facies suggests that the bioherms developed in an underfilled lake basin, resulting from an abrupt and short-lived lake desiccation event. Lake chemistry is believed to have been relatively alkaline, saline to hypersaline, and rich in Ca, Mg, and HCO3 ions. Through analyzing bioherm characteristics, Caddisfly case architecture, carbonate microfacies, and stratigraphic variability, we infer larger-scale processes that controlled basin development during their formation.
Liisa Nevalainen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stream flow intensity of the saavanjoki river eastern finland during the past 1500years reflected by mayfly and Caddisfly mandibles in adjacent lake sediments
Journal of Hydrology, 2013Co-Authors: Tomi P Luoto, Samuli Helama, Liisa NevalainenAbstract:Climate-change projections suggest altered precipitation, temperature, and hydrological patterns for the near future. To better understand these future changes, long-term evidence from paleoarchives is necessary to determine the natural variability and climate relations in surficial hydrology. In this study, we aim to demonstrate that distribution of sedimentary mouthparts (mandibles) of aquatic mayfly (Ephemeroptera) and Caddisfly (Trichoptera) larvae are dependent on stream conditions and this relationship can be used in paleohydrological studies to reconstruct past changes in stream flow. The results from a river–lake continuum in eastern Finland showed that the surface sediment accumulation of mayfly and Caddisfly mandibles was strongly related to stream flow with highest abundances found from the riverine sediments. A sediment core taken from the deep basin of the lake revealed mandible accumulation patterns that correlated with a previous independent paleohydrological reconstruction. We interpret that the primary forcer for mandible deposition to lake sediments is spring floods caused by snow melt, and hence the mandible accumulation, represents amount of winter precipitation. Subsequently, the results indicated strong stream flow and wet winters during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and weaker stream flow and dry winters during and after the Little Ice Age (LIA). This wintertime reconstruction contrasts the general summertime trends of dry MCA and wet LIA. The present results confirm the usability of mayfly and Caddisfly mandibles in paleohydrological studies and provide evidence for past hydrological dynamics that can be valuable when addressing the potential magnitude of future changes.
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stream flow intensity of the saavanjoki river eastern finland during the past 1500 years reflected by mayfly and Caddisfly mandibles in adjacent lake sediments
Journal of Hydrology, 2013Co-Authors: Tomi P Luoto, Samuli Helama, Liisa NevalainenAbstract:Climate-change projections suggest altered precipitation, temperature, and hydrological patterns for the near future. To better understand these future changes, long-term evidence from paleoarchives is necessary to determine the natural variability and climate relations in surficial hydrology. In this study, we aim to demonstrate that distribution of sedimentary mouthparts (mandibles) of aquatic mayfly (Ephemeroptera) and Caddisfly (Trichoptera) larvae are dependent on stream conditions and this relationship can be used in paleohydrological studies to reconstruct past changes in stream flow. The results from a river–lake continuum in eastern Finland showed that the surface sediment accumulation of mayfly and Caddisfly mandibles was strongly related to stream flow with highest abundances found from the riverine sediments. A sediment core taken from the deep basin of the lake revealed mandible accumulation patterns that correlated with a previous independent paleohydrological reconstruction. We interpret that the primary forcer for mandible deposition to lake sediments is spring floods caused by snow melt, and hence the mandible accumulation, represents amount of winter precipitation. Subsequently, the results indicated strong stream flow and wet winters during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and weaker stream flow and dry winters during and after the Little Ice Age (LIA). This wintertime reconstruction contrasts the general summertime trends of dry MCA and wet LIA. The present results confirm the usability of mayfly and Caddisfly mandibles in paleohydrological studies and provide evidence for past hydrological dynamics that can be valuable when addressing the potential magnitude of future changes.
