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Victor Max Corman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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no serologic evidence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection among Camel farmers exposed to highly seropositive Camel herds a household linked study kenya 2013
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2017Co-Authors: Peninah Munyua, Marcel A. Müller, Victor Max Corman, Benjamin Meyer, Austine Bitek, Eric Osoro, Erik Lattwein, S M Thumbi, Rees Murithi, Marcalain WiddowsonAbstract:High seroprevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among Camels has been reported in Kenya and other countries in Africa. To date, the only report of MERS-CoV seropositivity among humans in Kenya is of two livestock keepers with no known contact with Camels. We assessed whether persons exposed to seropositive Camels at household level had serological evidence of infection. In 2013, 760 human and 879 Camel sera were collected from 275 and 85 households respectively in Marsabit County. Data on human and animal demographics and type of contact with Camels were collected. Human and Camel sera were tested for anti-MERS-CoV IgG using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Human samples were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with seropositivity. The median age of persons sampled was 30 years (range: 5–90) and 50% were males. A quarter (197/760) of the participants reported having had contact with Camels defined as milking, feeding, watering, slaughtering, or herding. Of the human sera, 18 (2.4%) were positive on ELISA but negative by PRNT. Of the Camel sera, 791 (90%) were positive on ELISA. On univariate analysis, higher prevalence was observed in female and older Camels over 4 years of age (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, only age remained significantly associated with increased odds of seropositivity. Despite high seroprevalence among Camels, there was no serological confirmation of MERS-CoV infection among Camel pastoralists in Marsabit County. The high seropositivity suggests that MERS-CoV or other closely related virus continues to circulate in Camels and highlights ongoing potential for animal-to-human transmission.
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mers coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in Camels eastern africa 1983 1997
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Marcel A. Müller, Victor Max Corman, Benjamin Meyer, Erik Lattwein, Joerg Jores, Mario Younan, Anne Liljander, Berend Jan Bosch, M Hilali, Bakri E MusaAbstract:To analyze the distribution of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)–seropositive dromedary Camels in eastern Africa, we tested 189 archived serum samples accumulated during the past 30 years. We identified MERS-CoV neutralizing antibodies in 81.0% of samples from the main Camel-exporting countries, Sudan and Somalia, suggesting long-term virus circulation in these animals.
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antibodies against mers coronavirus in dromedary Camels kenya 1992 2013
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Victor Max Corman, Benjamin Meyer, Erik Lattwein, Joerg Jores, Mario Younan, Anne Liljander, Mohammed Y Said, Ilona Gluecks, Berend Jan Bosch, Jan Felix DrexlerAbstract:Dromedary Camels are a putative source for human infections with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. We showed that Camels sampled in different regions in Kenya during 1992–2013 have antibodies against this virus. High densities of Camel populations correlated with increased seropositivity and might be a factor in predicting long-term virus maintenance.
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human infection with mers coronavirus after exposure to infected Camels saudi arabia 2013
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Ziad A Memish, Victor Max Corman, Benjamin Meyer, Matthew Cotten, Simon J Watson, Abdullah J Alsahafi, Abdullah Al A Rabeeah, Andrea Sieberg, Hatem Q Makhdoom, Abdullah M AssiriAbstract:We investigated a case of human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) after exposure to infected Camels. Analysis of the whole human-derived virus and 15% of the Camel-derived virus sequence yielded nucleotide polymorphism signatures suggestive of cross-species transmission. Camels may act as a direct source of human MERS-CoV infection.
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middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralising serum antibodies in dromedary Camels a comparative serological study
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2013Co-Authors: Chantal Reusken, Laura Smits De Vries, Bart L. Haagmans, Stalin V Raj, Doreen Muth, Marcel A. Müller, Gert-jan Godeke, Carlos Gutierrez, Benjamin Meyer, Victor Max CormanAbstract:Summary Background A new betacoronavirus—Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)—has been identified in patients with severe acute respiratory infection. Although related viruses infect bats, molecular clock analyses have been unable to identify direct ancestors of MERS-CoV. Anecdotal exposure histories suggest that patients had been in contact with dromedary Camels or goats. We investigated possible animal reservoirs of MERS-CoV by assessing specific serum antibodies in livestock. Methods We took sera from animals in the Middle East (Oman) and from elsewhere (Spain, Netherlands, Chile). Cattle (n=80), sheep (n=40), goats (n=40), dromedary Camels (n=155), and various other Camelid species (n=34) were tested for specific serum IgG by protein microarray using the receptor-binding S1 subunits of spike proteins of MERS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and human coronavirus OC43. Results were confirmed by virus neutralisation tests for MERS-CoV and bovine coronavirus. Findings 50 of 50 (100%) sera from Omani Camels and 15 of 105 (14%) from Spanish Camels had protein-specific antibodies against MERS-CoV spike. Sera from European sheep, goats, cattle, and other Camelids had no such antibodies. MERS-CoV neutralising antibody titres varied between 1/320 and 1/2560 for the Omani Camel sera and between 1/20 and 1/320 for the Spanish Camel sera. There was no evidence for cross-neutralisation by bovine coronavirus antibodies. Interpretation MERS-CoV or a related virus has infected Camel populations. Both titres and seroprevalences in sera from different locations in Oman suggest widespread infection. Funding European Union, European Centre For Disease Prevention and Control, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
Benjamin Meyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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no serologic evidence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection among Camel farmers exposed to highly seropositive Camel herds a household linked study kenya 2013
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2017Co-Authors: Peninah Munyua, Marcel A. Müller, Victor Max Corman, Benjamin Meyer, Austine Bitek, Eric Osoro, Erik Lattwein, S M Thumbi, Rees Murithi, Marcalain WiddowsonAbstract:High seroprevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) among Camels has been reported in Kenya and other countries in Africa. To date, the only report of MERS-CoV seropositivity among humans in Kenya is of two livestock keepers with no known contact with Camels. We assessed whether persons exposed to seropositive Camels at household level had serological evidence of infection. In 2013, 760 human and 879 Camel sera were collected from 275 and 85 households respectively in Marsabit County. Data on human and animal demographics and type of contact with Camels were collected. Human and Camel sera were tested for anti-MERS-CoV IgG using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Human samples were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with seropositivity. The median age of persons sampled was 30 years (range: 5–90) and 50% were males. A quarter (197/760) of the participants reported having had contact with Camels defined as milking, feeding, watering, slaughtering, or herding. Of the human sera, 18 (2.4%) were positive on ELISA but negative by PRNT. Of the Camel sera, 791 (90%) were positive on ELISA. On univariate analysis, higher prevalence was observed in female and older Camels over 4 years of age (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, only age remained significantly associated with increased odds of seropositivity. Despite high seroprevalence among Camels, there was no serological confirmation of MERS-CoV infection among Camel pastoralists in Marsabit County. The high seropositivity suggests that MERS-CoV or other closely related virus continues to circulate in Camels and highlights ongoing potential for animal-to-human transmission.
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mers coronavirus neutralizing antibodies in Camels eastern africa 1983 1997
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Marcel A. Müller, Victor Max Corman, Benjamin Meyer, Erik Lattwein, Joerg Jores, Mario Younan, Anne Liljander, Berend Jan Bosch, M Hilali, Bakri E MusaAbstract:To analyze the distribution of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)–seropositive dromedary Camels in eastern Africa, we tested 189 archived serum samples accumulated during the past 30 years. We identified MERS-CoV neutralizing antibodies in 81.0% of samples from the main Camel-exporting countries, Sudan and Somalia, suggesting long-term virus circulation in these animals.
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antibodies against mers coronavirus in dromedary Camels kenya 1992 2013
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Victor Max Corman, Benjamin Meyer, Erik Lattwein, Joerg Jores, Mario Younan, Anne Liljander, Mohammed Y Said, Ilona Gluecks, Berend Jan Bosch, Jan Felix DrexlerAbstract:Dromedary Camels are a putative source for human infections with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. We showed that Camels sampled in different regions in Kenya during 1992–2013 have antibodies against this virus. High densities of Camel populations correlated with increased seropositivity and might be a factor in predicting long-term virus maintenance.
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human infection with mers coronavirus after exposure to infected Camels saudi arabia 2013
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Ziad A Memish, Victor Max Corman, Benjamin Meyer, Matthew Cotten, Simon J Watson, Abdullah J Alsahafi, Abdullah Al A Rabeeah, Andrea Sieberg, Hatem Q Makhdoom, Abdullah M AssiriAbstract:We investigated a case of human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) after exposure to infected Camels. Analysis of the whole human-derived virus and 15% of the Camel-derived virus sequence yielded nucleotide polymorphism signatures suggestive of cross-species transmission. Camels may act as a direct source of human MERS-CoV infection.
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middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralising serum antibodies in dromedary Camels a comparative serological study
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2013Co-Authors: Chantal Reusken, Laura Smits De Vries, Bart L. Haagmans, Stalin V Raj, Doreen Muth, Marcel A. Müller, Gert-jan Godeke, Carlos Gutierrez, Benjamin Meyer, Victor Max CormanAbstract:Summary Background A new betacoronavirus—Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)—has been identified in patients with severe acute respiratory infection. Although related viruses infect bats, molecular clock analyses have been unable to identify direct ancestors of MERS-CoV. Anecdotal exposure histories suggest that patients had been in contact with dromedary Camels or goats. We investigated possible animal reservoirs of MERS-CoV by assessing specific serum antibodies in livestock. Methods We took sera from animals in the Middle East (Oman) and from elsewhere (Spain, Netherlands, Chile). Cattle (n=80), sheep (n=40), goats (n=40), dromedary Camels (n=155), and various other Camelid species (n=34) were tested for specific serum IgG by protein microarray using the receptor-binding S1 subunits of spike proteins of MERS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and human coronavirus OC43. Results were confirmed by virus neutralisation tests for MERS-CoV and bovine coronavirus. Findings 50 of 50 (100%) sera from Omani Camels and 15 of 105 (14%) from Spanish Camels had protein-specific antibodies against MERS-CoV spike. Sera from European sheep, goats, cattle, and other Camelids had no such antibodies. MERS-CoV neutralising antibody titres varied between 1/320 and 1/2560 for the Omani Camel sera and between 1/20 and 1/320 for the Spanish Camel sera. There was no evidence for cross-neutralisation by bovine coronavirus antibodies. Interpretation MERS-CoV or a related virus has infected Camel populations. Both titres and seroprevalences in sera from different locations in Oman suggest widespread infection. Funding European Union, European Centre For Disease Prevention and Control, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
Ziad A Memish - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov origin and animal reservoir
Virology Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Hamzah A Mohd, Jaffar A Altawfiq, Ziad A MemishAbstract:Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel coronavirus discovered in 2012 and is responsible for acute respiratory syndrome in humans. Though not confirmed yet, multiple surveillance and phylogenetic studies suggest a bat origin. The disease is heavily endemic in dromedary Camel populations of East Africa and the Middle East. It is unclear as to when the virus was introduced to dromedary Camels, but data from studies that investigated stored dromedary Camel sera and geographical distribution of involved dromedary Camel populations suggested that the virus was present in dromedary Camels several decades ago. Though bats and alpacas can serve as potential reservoirs for MERS-CoV, dromedary Camels seem to be the only animal host responsible for the spill over human infections.
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human infection with mers coronavirus after exposure to infected Camels saudi arabia 2013
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Ziad A Memish, Victor Max Corman, Benjamin Meyer, Matthew Cotten, Simon J Watson, Abdullah J Alsahafi, Abdullah Al A Rabeeah, Andrea Sieberg, Hatem Q Makhdoom, Abdullah M AssiriAbstract:We investigated a case of human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) after exposure to infected Camels. Analysis of the whole human-derived virus and 15% of the Camel-derived virus sequence yielded nucleotide polymorphism signatures suggestive of cross-species transmission. Camels may act as a direct source of human MERS-CoV infection.
Bart L. Haagmans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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MERS-CoV in Camels but Not Camel Handlers, Sudan, 2015 and 2017.
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Elmoubasher Farag, Reina S. Sikkema, Ahmed A. Mohamedani, Erwin De Bruin, Bas B. Oude Munnink, Felicity D. Chandler, Robert H.g. Kohl, Anne Van Der Linden, Nisreen M.a. Okba, Bart L. HaagmansAbstract:We tested samples collected from Camels, Camel workers, and other animals in Sudan and Qatar in 2015 and 2017 for evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. MERS-CoV antibodies were abundant in Sudan Camels, but we found no evidence of MERS-CoV infection in Camel workers, other livestock, or bats.
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risk factors for primary middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in Camel workers in qatar during 2013 2014 a case control study
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2017Co-Authors: Reina S. Sikkema, Elmoubasher Farag, Hamad Alromaihi, Sayed Himatt, Adel K Ibrahim, Salih A Almarri, Mohamed Althani, Ahmed M Elsayed, Mohammed Alhajri, Bart L. HaagmansAbstract:The transmission routes and risk factors for zoonotic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections are still unknown. We used the World Health Organization questionnaire for MERS-CoV case-control studies to assess risk factors for human MERS-CoV seropositivity at a farm complex in Qatar. Nine Camel workers with MERS-CoV antibodies and 43 workers without antibodies were included. Some Camel-related activities may pose a higher risk of MERS-CoV infection, as may cross-border movements of Camels, poor hand hygiene, and overnight hospital stays with respiratory complaints. The risk factors identified in this study can be used to develop infection prevention and control measures for human MERS-CoV infections.
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middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralising serum antibodies in dromedary Camels a comparative serological study
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2013Co-Authors: Chantal Reusken, Laura Smits De Vries, Bart L. Haagmans, Stalin V Raj, Doreen Muth, Marcel A. Müller, Gert-jan Godeke, Carlos Gutierrez, Benjamin Meyer, Victor Max CormanAbstract:Summary Background A new betacoronavirus—Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)—has been identified in patients with severe acute respiratory infection. Although related viruses infect bats, molecular clock analyses have been unable to identify direct ancestors of MERS-CoV. Anecdotal exposure histories suggest that patients had been in contact with dromedary Camels or goats. We investigated possible animal reservoirs of MERS-CoV by assessing specific serum antibodies in livestock. Methods We took sera from animals in the Middle East (Oman) and from elsewhere (Spain, Netherlands, Chile). Cattle (n=80), sheep (n=40), goats (n=40), dromedary Camels (n=155), and various other Camelid species (n=34) were tested for specific serum IgG by protein microarray using the receptor-binding S1 subunits of spike proteins of MERS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and human coronavirus OC43. Results were confirmed by virus neutralisation tests for MERS-CoV and bovine coronavirus. Findings 50 of 50 (100%) sera from Omani Camels and 15 of 105 (14%) from Spanish Camels had protein-specific antibodies against MERS-CoV spike. Sera from European sheep, goats, cattle, and other Camelids had no such antibodies. MERS-CoV neutralising antibody titres varied between 1/320 and 1/2560 for the Omani Camel sera and between 1/20 and 1/320 for the Spanish Camel sera. There was no evidence for cross-neutralisation by bovine coronavirus antibodies. Interpretation MERS-CoV or a related virus has infected Camel populations. Both titres and seroprevalences in sera from different locations in Oman suggest widespread infection. Funding European Union, European Centre For Disease Prevention and Control, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.
Chantal Reusken - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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global status of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary Camels a systematic review
Epidemiology and Infection, 2019Co-Authors: R S Sikkema, Chantal Reusken, E A B A Farag, Mazharul Islam, Muzzamil Atta, Mohd M Alhajri, Marion KoopmansAbstract:textabstractDromedary Camels have been shown to be the main reservoir for human Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) infections. This systematic review aims to compile and analyse all published data on MERS-coronavirus (CoV) in the global Camel population to provide an overview of current knowledge on the distribution, spread and risk factors of infections in dromedary Camels. We included original research articles containing laboratory evidence of MERS-CoV infections in dromedary Camels in the field from 2013 to April 2018. In general, Camels only show minor clinical signs of disease after being infected with MERS-CoV. Serological evidence of MERS-CoV in Camels has been found in 20 countries, with molecular evidence for virus circulation in 13 countries. The seroprevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies increases with age in Camels, while the prevalence of viral shedding as determined by MERS-CoV RNA detection in nasal swabs decreases. In several studies, Camels that were sampled at animal markets or quarantine facilities were seropositive more often than Camels at farms as well as imported Camels vs. locally bred Camels. Some studies show a relatively higher seroprevalence and viral detection during the cooler winter months. Knowledge of the animal reservoir of MERS-CoV is essential to develop intervention and control measures to prevent human infections.
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isolation of mers coronavirus from a dromedary Camel qatar 2014
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Stalin V Raj, Chantal Reusken, Elmoubasher Farag, Mart M Lamers, Suzan D Pas, Jolanda J C Voermans, Saskia L Smits, Albert D M E Osterhaus, Naema Almawlawi, Hamad AlromaihiAbstract:We obtained the full genome of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from a Camel in Qatar. This virus is highly similar to the human England/Qatar 1 virus isolated in 2012. The MERS-CoV from the Camel efficiently replicated in human cells, providing further evidence for the zoonotic potential of MERS-CoV from Camels.
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middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralising serum antibodies in dromedary Camels a comparative serological study
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 2013Co-Authors: Chantal Reusken, Laura Smits De Vries, Bart L. Haagmans, Stalin V Raj, Doreen Muth, Marcel A. Müller, Gert-jan Godeke, Carlos Gutierrez, Benjamin Meyer, Victor Max CormanAbstract:Summary Background A new betacoronavirus—Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)—has been identified in patients with severe acute respiratory infection. Although related viruses infect bats, molecular clock analyses have been unable to identify direct ancestors of MERS-CoV. Anecdotal exposure histories suggest that patients had been in contact with dromedary Camels or goats. We investigated possible animal reservoirs of MERS-CoV by assessing specific serum antibodies in livestock. Methods We took sera from animals in the Middle East (Oman) and from elsewhere (Spain, Netherlands, Chile). Cattle (n=80), sheep (n=40), goats (n=40), dromedary Camels (n=155), and various other Camelid species (n=34) were tested for specific serum IgG by protein microarray using the receptor-binding S1 subunits of spike proteins of MERS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and human coronavirus OC43. Results were confirmed by virus neutralisation tests for MERS-CoV and bovine coronavirus. Findings 50 of 50 (100%) sera from Omani Camels and 15 of 105 (14%) from Spanish Camels had protein-specific antibodies against MERS-CoV spike. Sera from European sheep, goats, cattle, and other Camelids had no such antibodies. MERS-CoV neutralising antibody titres varied between 1/320 and 1/2560 for the Omani Camel sera and between 1/20 and 1/320 for the Spanish Camel sera. There was no evidence for cross-neutralisation by bovine coronavirus antibodies. Interpretation MERS-CoV or a related virus has infected Camel populations. Both titres and seroprevalences in sera from different locations in Oman suggest widespread infection. Funding European Union, European Centre For Disease Prevention and Control, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.