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Maged Gomaa Hemida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lack of detection of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov nucleic acids in some hyalomma dromedarii infesting some camelus Dromedary naturally infected with mers cov
BMC Research Notes, 2021Co-Authors: Mohammad A. Alhammadi, Faisal Almathen, Maged Gomaa Hemida, Abdulmohsen AlnaeemAbstract:The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is one of the zoonotic coronaviruses [Hemida Peer J 7:e7556, 2019; Hemida et al. One Health 8:100102, 2019]. The Dromedary camels remained the only known animal reservoir for this virus. Several aspects of the transmission cycle of the virus between animals, including arthropod-borne infection, is still largely unknown. The main objective of the current work was to study the possibility of MERS-CoV transmission through some arthropod vectors, particularly the hard ticks. To achieve this objective, we identified a positive MERS-CoV Dromedary camel herd using the commercial available real-time PCR kits. We collected some arthropods, particularly the ticks from these positive animals as well as from the animal habitats. We tested these arthropods for the presence of MERS-CoV viral RNAs. Our results showing the absence of any detectable MERS-CoV-RNAs in these arthropods despite these animals were actively shedding the virus in their nasal secretions. Our results are confirming for the first the failure of detection of the MERS-CoV in ticks infesting Dromedary camels. Failure of the detection of MERS-CoV in ticks infesting positive naturally infected MERS-CoV camels is strongly suggesting that ticks do not play roles in the transmission of the virus among the animals and close contact humans.
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longitudinal study of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in Dromedary camel herds in saudi arabia 2014 2015
Emerging microbes & infections, 2017Co-Authors: Maged Gomaa Hemida, Samuel Ms Chan, Faisal Almathen, Emily Yau, Brian Cy Ng, Abdulmohsen Alnaeem, Daniel Kw Chu, Ranawaka A.p.m. Perera, Richard J. Webby, Leo L.m. PoonAbstract:Longitudinal study of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection in Dromedary camel herds in Saudi Arabia, 2014–2015
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longitudinal study of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in Dromedary camel herds in saudi arabia 2014 2015
Emerging microbes & infections, 2017Co-Authors: Maged Gomaa Hemida, Samuel Ms Chan, Faisal Almathen, Emily Yau, Brian Cy Ng, Abdulmohsen Alnaeem, Daniel Kw Chu, Ranawaka A.p.m. Perera, Richard J. Webby, Leo L.m. PoonAbstract:Longitudinal study of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection in Dromedary camel herds in Saudi Arabia, 2014–2015
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tropism and replication of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus from Dromedary camels in the human respiratory tract an in vitro and ex vivo study
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Renee W Y Chan, Abdulmohsen Alnaeem, Daniel Kw Chu, Maged Gomaa Hemida, Leo L.m. Poon, Ghazi Kayali, Mohamed A Ali, Kin Pong Tao, Michael C W ChanAbstract:Summary Background Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic infection causing severe viral pneumonia, with index cases having resided in or recently travelled to the Arabian peninsula, and is a global concern for public health. Limited human-to-human transmission, leading to some case clusters, has been reported. MERS-CoV has been reported in Dromedary camels but phenotypic characterisation of such viruses is limited. We aimed to compare MERS-CoV isolates from dromedaries in Saudi Arabia and Egypt with a prototype human MERS-CoV to assess virus replication competence and cell tropism in ex-vivo cultures of human bronchus and lung. Methods We characterised MERS-CoV viruses from dromedaries in Saudi Arabia and Egypt and compared them with a human MERS-CoV reference strain. We assessed viral replication kinetics and competence in Vero-E6 cells (rhesus monkey), tissue tropism in cultures of ex-vivo human bronchial and lung tissues, and cytokine and chemokine induction, gene expression, and quantification of viral RNA in Calu-3 cells (human respiratory tract). We used mock-infected tissue as negative controls for ex-vivo experiments and influenza A H5N1 as a positive control for cytokine and chemokine induction experiments in Calu-3 cells. Findings We isolated three Dromedary strains, two from Saudi Arabia (Dromedary/Al-Hasa-KFU-HKU13/2013 [AH13] and Dromedary/Al-Hasa-KFU-HKU19D/2013 [AH19D]), and one from Egypt (Dromedary/Egypt-NRCE-HKU270/2013 [NRCE-HKU270]). The human and Dromedary MERS-CoV strains had similar viral replication competence in Vero-E6 cells and respiratory tropism in ex-vivo cultures of the human respiratory tract, and had similar ability to evade interferon responses in the human-respiratory-tract-derived cell line Calu-3. Interpretation The similarity of virus tropism and replication competence of human and Dromedary MERS-CoV from the Arabian peninsula, and genetically diverse Dromedary viruses from Egypt, in ex-vivo cultures of the human respiratory tract suggests that Dromedary viruses from Saudi Arabia and Egypt are probably infectious to human beings. Exposure to zoonotic MERS-CoV is probably occurring in a wider geographical region beyond the Arabian peninsula. Funding King Faisal University, Egyptian National Research Centre, Hong Kong Food and Health Bureau, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and European Community Seventh Framework Program.
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middle east respiratory syndrome mers coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in saudi arabia 2010 to 2013
Eurosurveillance, 2013Co-Authors: Maged Gomaa Hemida, Pei Gang Wang, Lewis Y Siu, L Saif, Mohammad A. Alhammadi, Ming-yuan Li, Ranawaka A.p.m. Perera, Leo L.m. Poon, Abdulmohsen AlnaeemAbstract:In Saudi Arabia, including regions of Riyadh and Al Ahsa, pseudoparticle neutralisation (ppNT) and microneutralisation (MNT) tests detected no antibodies to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in sheep (n= 100), goats (n= 45), cattle (n= 50) and chickens (n= 240). Dromedary camels however, had a high prevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies. Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infected sera from cattle had no cross-reactivity in MERS-CoV ppNT or MNT, while many Dromedary camels' sera reacted to both BCoV and MERS-CoV. Some nevertheless displayed specific serologic reaction profiles to MERS-CoV. .
Abdulmohsen Alnaeem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lack of detection of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov nucleic acids in some hyalomma dromedarii infesting some camelus Dromedary naturally infected with mers cov
BMC Research Notes, 2021Co-Authors: Mohammad A. Alhammadi, Faisal Almathen, Maged Gomaa Hemida, Abdulmohsen AlnaeemAbstract:The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is one of the zoonotic coronaviruses [Hemida Peer J 7:e7556, 2019; Hemida et al. One Health 8:100102, 2019]. The Dromedary camels remained the only known animal reservoir for this virus. Several aspects of the transmission cycle of the virus between animals, including arthropod-borne infection, is still largely unknown. The main objective of the current work was to study the possibility of MERS-CoV transmission through some arthropod vectors, particularly the hard ticks. To achieve this objective, we identified a positive MERS-CoV Dromedary camel herd using the commercial available real-time PCR kits. We collected some arthropods, particularly the ticks from these positive animals as well as from the animal habitats. We tested these arthropods for the presence of MERS-CoV viral RNAs. Our results showing the absence of any detectable MERS-CoV-RNAs in these arthropods despite these animals were actively shedding the virus in their nasal secretions. Our results are confirming for the first the failure of detection of the MERS-CoV in ticks infesting Dromedary camels. Failure of the detection of MERS-CoV in ticks infesting positive naturally infected MERS-CoV camels is strongly suggesting that ticks do not play roles in the transmission of the virus among the animals and close contact humans.
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longitudinal study of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in Dromedary camel herds in saudi arabia 2014 2015
Emerging microbes & infections, 2017Co-Authors: Maged Gomaa Hemida, Samuel Ms Chan, Faisal Almathen, Emily Yau, Brian Cy Ng, Abdulmohsen Alnaeem, Daniel Kw Chu, Ranawaka A.p.m. Perera, Richard J. Webby, Leo L.m. PoonAbstract:Longitudinal study of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection in Dromedary camel herds in Saudi Arabia, 2014–2015
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longitudinal study of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in Dromedary camel herds in saudi arabia 2014 2015
Emerging microbes & infections, 2017Co-Authors: Maged Gomaa Hemida, Samuel Ms Chan, Faisal Almathen, Emily Yau, Brian Cy Ng, Abdulmohsen Alnaeem, Daniel Kw Chu, Ranawaka A.p.m. Perera, Richard J. Webby, Leo L.m. PoonAbstract:Longitudinal study of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection in Dromedary camel herds in Saudi Arabia, 2014–2015
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tropism and replication of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus from Dromedary camels in the human respiratory tract an in vitro and ex vivo study
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Renee W Y Chan, Abdulmohsen Alnaeem, Daniel Kw Chu, Maged Gomaa Hemida, Leo L.m. Poon, Ghazi Kayali, Mohamed A Ali, Kin Pong Tao, Michael C W ChanAbstract:Summary Background Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic infection causing severe viral pneumonia, with index cases having resided in or recently travelled to the Arabian peninsula, and is a global concern for public health. Limited human-to-human transmission, leading to some case clusters, has been reported. MERS-CoV has been reported in Dromedary camels but phenotypic characterisation of such viruses is limited. We aimed to compare MERS-CoV isolates from dromedaries in Saudi Arabia and Egypt with a prototype human MERS-CoV to assess virus replication competence and cell tropism in ex-vivo cultures of human bronchus and lung. Methods We characterised MERS-CoV viruses from dromedaries in Saudi Arabia and Egypt and compared them with a human MERS-CoV reference strain. We assessed viral replication kinetics and competence in Vero-E6 cells (rhesus monkey), tissue tropism in cultures of ex-vivo human bronchial and lung tissues, and cytokine and chemokine induction, gene expression, and quantification of viral RNA in Calu-3 cells (human respiratory tract). We used mock-infected tissue as negative controls for ex-vivo experiments and influenza A H5N1 as a positive control for cytokine and chemokine induction experiments in Calu-3 cells. Findings We isolated three Dromedary strains, two from Saudi Arabia (Dromedary/Al-Hasa-KFU-HKU13/2013 [AH13] and Dromedary/Al-Hasa-KFU-HKU19D/2013 [AH19D]), and one from Egypt (Dromedary/Egypt-NRCE-HKU270/2013 [NRCE-HKU270]). The human and Dromedary MERS-CoV strains had similar viral replication competence in Vero-E6 cells and respiratory tropism in ex-vivo cultures of the human respiratory tract, and had similar ability to evade interferon responses in the human-respiratory-tract-derived cell line Calu-3. Interpretation The similarity of virus tropism and replication competence of human and Dromedary MERS-CoV from the Arabian peninsula, and genetically diverse Dromedary viruses from Egypt, in ex-vivo cultures of the human respiratory tract suggests that Dromedary viruses from Saudi Arabia and Egypt are probably infectious to human beings. Exposure to zoonotic MERS-CoV is probably occurring in a wider geographical region beyond the Arabian peninsula. Funding King Faisal University, Egyptian National Research Centre, Hong Kong Food and Health Bureau, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and European Community Seventh Framework Program.
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middle east respiratory syndrome mers coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in saudi arabia 2010 to 2013
Eurosurveillance, 2013Co-Authors: Maged Gomaa Hemida, Pei Gang Wang, Lewis Y Siu, L Saif, Mohammad A. Alhammadi, Ming-yuan Li, Ranawaka A.p.m. Perera, Leo L.m. Poon, Abdulmohsen AlnaeemAbstract:In Saudi Arabia, including regions of Riyadh and Al Ahsa, pseudoparticle neutralisation (ppNT) and microneutralisation (MNT) tests detected no antibodies to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in sheep (n= 100), goats (n= 45), cattle (n= 50) and chickens (n= 240). Dromedary camels however, had a high prevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies. Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infected sera from cattle had no cross-reactivity in MERS-CoV ppNT or MNT, while many Dromedary camels' sera reacted to both BCoV and MERS-CoV. Some nevertheless displayed specific serologic reaction profiles to MERS-CoV. .
Leo L.m. Poon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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longitudinal study of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in Dromedary camel herds in saudi arabia 2014 2015
Emerging microbes & infections, 2017Co-Authors: Maged Gomaa Hemida, Samuel Ms Chan, Faisal Almathen, Emily Yau, Brian Cy Ng, Abdulmohsen Alnaeem, Daniel Kw Chu, Ranawaka A.p.m. Perera, Richard J. Webby, Leo L.m. PoonAbstract:Longitudinal study of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection in Dromedary camel herds in Saudi Arabia, 2014–2015
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longitudinal study of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in Dromedary camel herds in saudi arabia 2014 2015
Emerging microbes & infections, 2017Co-Authors: Maged Gomaa Hemida, Samuel Ms Chan, Faisal Almathen, Emily Yau, Brian Cy Ng, Abdulmohsen Alnaeem, Daniel Kw Chu, Ranawaka A.p.m. Perera, Richard J. Webby, Leo L.m. PoonAbstract:Longitudinal study of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection in Dromedary camel herds in Saudi Arabia, 2014–2015
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tropism and replication of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus from Dromedary camels in the human respiratory tract an in vitro and ex vivo study
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Renee W Y Chan, Abdulmohsen Alnaeem, Daniel Kw Chu, Maged Gomaa Hemida, Leo L.m. Poon, Ghazi Kayali, Mohamed A Ali, Kin Pong Tao, Michael C W ChanAbstract:Summary Background Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a zoonotic infection causing severe viral pneumonia, with index cases having resided in or recently travelled to the Arabian peninsula, and is a global concern for public health. Limited human-to-human transmission, leading to some case clusters, has been reported. MERS-CoV has been reported in Dromedary camels but phenotypic characterisation of such viruses is limited. We aimed to compare MERS-CoV isolates from dromedaries in Saudi Arabia and Egypt with a prototype human MERS-CoV to assess virus replication competence and cell tropism in ex-vivo cultures of human bronchus and lung. Methods We characterised MERS-CoV viruses from dromedaries in Saudi Arabia and Egypt and compared them with a human MERS-CoV reference strain. We assessed viral replication kinetics and competence in Vero-E6 cells (rhesus monkey), tissue tropism in cultures of ex-vivo human bronchial and lung tissues, and cytokine and chemokine induction, gene expression, and quantification of viral RNA in Calu-3 cells (human respiratory tract). We used mock-infected tissue as negative controls for ex-vivo experiments and influenza A H5N1 as a positive control for cytokine and chemokine induction experiments in Calu-3 cells. Findings We isolated three Dromedary strains, two from Saudi Arabia (Dromedary/Al-Hasa-KFU-HKU13/2013 [AH13] and Dromedary/Al-Hasa-KFU-HKU19D/2013 [AH19D]), and one from Egypt (Dromedary/Egypt-NRCE-HKU270/2013 [NRCE-HKU270]). The human and Dromedary MERS-CoV strains had similar viral replication competence in Vero-E6 cells and respiratory tropism in ex-vivo cultures of the human respiratory tract, and had similar ability to evade interferon responses in the human-respiratory-tract-derived cell line Calu-3. Interpretation The similarity of virus tropism and replication competence of human and Dromedary MERS-CoV from the Arabian peninsula, and genetically diverse Dromedary viruses from Egypt, in ex-vivo cultures of the human respiratory tract suggests that Dromedary viruses from Saudi Arabia and Egypt are probably infectious to human beings. Exposure to zoonotic MERS-CoV is probably occurring in a wider geographical region beyond the Arabian peninsula. Funding King Faisal University, Egyptian National Research Centre, Hong Kong Food and Health Bureau, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and European Community Seventh Framework Program.
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middle east respiratory syndrome mers coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in saudi arabia 2010 to 2013
Eurosurveillance, 2013Co-Authors: Maged Gomaa Hemida, Pei Gang Wang, Lewis Y Siu, L Saif, Mohammad A. Alhammadi, Ming-yuan Li, Ranawaka A.p.m. Perera, Leo L.m. Poon, Abdulmohsen AlnaeemAbstract:In Saudi Arabia, including regions of Riyadh and Al Ahsa, pseudoparticle neutralisation (ppNT) and microneutralisation (MNT) tests detected no antibodies to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in sheep (n= 100), goats (n= 45), cattle (n= 50) and chickens (n= 240). Dromedary camels however, had a high prevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies. Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infected sera from cattle had no cross-reactivity in MERS-CoV ppNT or MNT, while many Dromedary camels' sera reacted to both BCoV and MERS-CoV. Some nevertheless displayed specific serologic reaction profiles to MERS-CoV. .
Faisal Almathen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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lack of detection of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus mers cov nucleic acids in some hyalomma dromedarii infesting some camelus Dromedary naturally infected with mers cov
BMC Research Notes, 2021Co-Authors: Mohammad A. Alhammadi, Faisal Almathen, Maged Gomaa Hemida, Abdulmohsen AlnaeemAbstract:The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is one of the zoonotic coronaviruses [Hemida Peer J 7:e7556, 2019; Hemida et al. One Health 8:100102, 2019]. The Dromedary camels remained the only known animal reservoir for this virus. Several aspects of the transmission cycle of the virus between animals, including arthropod-borne infection, is still largely unknown. The main objective of the current work was to study the possibility of MERS-CoV transmission through some arthropod vectors, particularly the hard ticks. To achieve this objective, we identified a positive MERS-CoV Dromedary camel herd using the commercial available real-time PCR kits. We collected some arthropods, particularly the ticks from these positive animals as well as from the animal habitats. We tested these arthropods for the presence of MERS-CoV viral RNAs. Our results showing the absence of any detectable MERS-CoV-RNAs in these arthropods despite these animals were actively shedding the virus in their nasal secretions. Our results are confirming for the first the failure of detection of the MERS-CoV in ticks infesting Dromedary camels. Failure of the detection of MERS-CoV in ticks infesting positive naturally infected MERS-CoV camels is strongly suggesting that ticks do not play roles in the transmission of the virus among the animals and close contact humans.
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Cytological analysis of tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in health and respiratory disease in Dromedary camels
'PeerJ', 2021Co-Authors: Turke Shawaf, Faisal Almathen, Abdullah Almubarak, Naser Alhumam, Jamal HussenAbstract:Background Tracheal wash (TW) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) have proven to be useful tools for the identification of disease-associated changes in the respiratory tract in human and different animal species. In the Dromedary camel, little is known about cytological analysis of TW and BAL in health and disease. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytological composition of TW and BAL in health and respiratory disease in Dromedary camels. Methods TW and BAL samples were collected from Dromedary camels and cytological analysis was performed by microscopic examination of prepared smears. Camels with clinical respiratory disease (n = 18) were compared with apparently healthy (control) camels (n = 9). Results In the apparently healthy camels, differential cytological analysis of TW samples identified macrophages and neutrophils as the main cell populations with lesser proportions of lymphocytes and epithelial cells and very rare abundance of eosinophils and mast cells. In the TW of camels with respiratory disease, neutrophils were the most abundant cells followed by macrophages and lymphocytes. In the BAL of healthy camels, macrophages represented the main cell type followed by lymphocytes and neutrophils. In respiratory-diseased camels, BAL samples contained higher percentages of neutrophils with reduced percentages of macrophages and lymphocytes in comparison to camels from the control group. Collectively, the results of the current study revealed higher abundance of neutrophils in the TW and BAL from Dromedary camels than many other veterinary species. The cytological patterns of TW and BAL from camels with respiratory diseases were characterized by increased proportion of neutrophils and decreased proportion of macrophages in comparison to healthy camels. The proportion of lymphocytes was also decreased in TW samples from diseased camels
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longitudinal study of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in Dromedary camel herds in saudi arabia 2014 2015
Emerging microbes & infections, 2017Co-Authors: Maged Gomaa Hemida, Samuel Ms Chan, Faisal Almathen, Emily Yau, Brian Cy Ng, Abdulmohsen Alnaeem, Daniel Kw Chu, Ranawaka A.p.m. Perera, Richard J. Webby, Leo L.m. PoonAbstract:Longitudinal study of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection in Dromedary camel herds in Saudi Arabia, 2014–2015
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longitudinal study of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in Dromedary camel herds in saudi arabia 2014 2015
Emerging microbes & infections, 2017Co-Authors: Maged Gomaa Hemida, Samuel Ms Chan, Faisal Almathen, Emily Yau, Brian Cy Ng, Abdulmohsen Alnaeem, Daniel Kw Chu, Ranawaka A.p.m. Perera, Richard J. Webby, Leo L.m. PoonAbstract:Longitudinal study of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus infection in Dromedary camel herds in Saudi Arabia, 2014–2015
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ancient and modern dna reveal dynamics of domestication and cross continental dispersal of the Dromedary
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016Co-Authors: Faisal Almathen, Elmira Mohandesan, Margarethe Uerpmann, P Charruau, Joram M Mwacharo, Pablo Orozcoterwengel, Daniel Pitt, Abdussamad M Abdussamad, Hans-peter UerpmannAbstract:Dromedaries have been fundamental to the development of human societies in arid landscapes and for long-distance trade across hostile hot terrains for 3,000 y. Today they continue to be an important livestock resource in marginal agro-ecological zones. However, the history of Dromedary domestication and the influence of ancient trading networks on their genetic structure have remained elusive. We combined ancient DNA sequences of wild and early-domesticated Dromedary samples from arid regions with nuclear microsatellite and mitochondrial genotype information from 1,083 extant animals collected across the species’ range. We observe little phylogeographic signal in the modern population, indicative of extensive gene flow and virtually affecting all regions except East Africa, where Dromedary populations have remained relatively isolated. In agreement with archaeological findings, we identify wild dromedaries from the southeast Arabian Peninsula among the founders of the domestic Dromedary gene pool. Approximate Bayesian computations further support the “restocking from the wild” hypothesis, with an initial domestication followed by introgression from individuals from wild, now-extinct populations. Compared with other livestock, which show a long history of gene flow with their wild ancestors, we find a high initial diversity relative to the native distribution of the wild ancestor on the Arabian Peninsula and to the brief coexistence of early-domesticated and wild individuals. This study also demonstrates the potential to retrieve ancient DNA sequences from osseous remains excavated in hot and dry desert environments.
Vincent J Munster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bactrian camels shed large quantities of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) after experimental infection*
Emerging microbes & infections, 2019Co-Authors: Danielle R Adney, Dana P Scott, Richard A Bowen, Michael Letko, Izabela K. Ragan, Neeltje Van Doremalen, Vincent J MunsterAbstract:In 2012, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged. To date, more than 2300 cases have been reported, with an approximate case fatality rate of 35%. Epidemiological investigations identified Dromedary camels as the source of MERS-CoV zoonotic transmission and evidence of MERS-CoV circulation has been observed throughout the original range of distribution. Other new-world camelids, alpacas and llamas, are also susceptible to MERS-CoV infection. Currently, it is unknown whether Bactrian camels are susceptible to infection. The distribution of Bactrian camels overlaps partly with that of the Dromedary camel in west and central Asia. The receptor for MERS-CoV, DPP4, of the Bactrian camel was 98.3% identical to the Dromedary camel DPP4, and 100% identical for the 14 residues which interact with the MERS-CoV spike receptor. Upon intranasal inoculation with 107 plaque-forming units of MERS-CoV, animals developed a transient, primarily upper respiratory tract infection. Clinical signs of the MERS-CoV infection were benign, but shedding of large quantities of MERS-CoV from the URT was observed. These data are similar to infections reported with Dromedary camel infections and indicate that Bactrians are susceptible to MERS-CoV and given their overlapping range are at risk of introduction and establishment of MERS-CoV within the Bactrian camel populations.
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protective efficacy of a novel simian adenovirus vaccine against lethal mers cov challenge in a transgenic human dpp4 mouse model
npj Vaccines, 2017Co-Authors: Vincent J Munster, Trenton Bushmaker, Neeltje Van Doremalen, Daniel Wells, Teresa Lambe, Daniel B Wright, Robert J Fischer, Greg Saturday, Sarah C Gilbert, Emmie De WitAbstract:Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel zoonotic virus that causes severe respiratory disease in humans with a case fatality rate close to 40%, but for which no vaccines are available. Here, we evaluated the utility of ChAdOx1, a promising replication-deficient simian adenovirus vaccine vector platform with an established safety profile in humans and Dromedary camels, for MERS-CoV vaccine development. Using a transgenic lethal BALB/c MERS-CoV mouse model we showed that single dose intranasal or intramuscular immunisation with ChAdOx1 MERS, encoding full-length MERS-CoV Spike glycoprotein, is highly immunogenic and confers protection against lethal viral challenge. Immunogenicity and efficacy were comparable between immunisation routes. Together these data provide support for further evaluation of ChAdOx1 MERS vaccine in humans and Dromedary camels, the animal reservoir of infection.
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Dromedary camels in northern mali have high seropositivity to mers cov
One Health, 2017Co-Authors: Darryl Falzarano, Vincent J Munster, Badian Kamissoko, Emmie De Wit, Ousmane Maiga, Jacqueline Cronin, Kassim Samake, A Traore, Shauna Milneprice, Nafomon SogobaAbstract:A high percentage (up to 90%) of Dromedary camels in the Middle East as well as eastern and central Africa have antibodies to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Here we report comparably high positivity of MERS-CoV antibodies in Dromedary camels from northern Mali. This extends the range of MERS-CoV further west in Africa than reported to date and cautions that MERS-CoV should be considered in cases of severe respiratory disease in the region.
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replication and shedding of mers cov in upper respiratory tract of inoculated Dromedary camels
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2014Co-Authors: Danielle R Adney, Neeltje Van Doremalen, Vienna R Brown, Trenton Bushmaker, Dana P Scott, Richard A Bowen, Vincent J MunsterAbstract:In 2012, a novel coronavirus associated with severe respiratory disease in humans emerged in the Middle East. Epidemiologic investigations identified Dromedary camels as the likely source of zoonotic transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Here we provide experimental support for camels as a reservoir for MERS-CoV. We inoculated 3 adult camels with a human isolate of MERS-CoV and a transient, primarily upper respiratory tract infection developed in each of the 3 animals. Clinical signs of the MERS-CoV infection were benign, but each of the camels shed large quantities of virus from the upper respiratory tract. We detected infectious virus in nasal secretions through 7 days postinoculation, and viral RNA up to 35 days postinoculation. The pattern of shedding and propensity for the upper respiratory tract infection in Dromedary camels may help explain the lack of systemic illness among naturally infected camels and the means of efficient camel-to-camel and camel-to-human transmission.
