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Ahmedin Jemal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cancer deaths attributable to cigarette smoking in 152 u s metropolitan or micropolitan statistical areas 2013 2017
Cancer Causes & Control, 2021Co-Authors: Farhad Islami, Priti Bandi, Liora Sahar, Jeffrey Drope, Ahmedin JemalAbstract:There are limited data on the burden of Cancer attributable to cigarette smoking by metropolitan areas to inform local tobacco control policies in the USA. We estimated the proportion of Cancer deaths attributable to cigarette smoking (or population attributable fraction [PAF]) in 152 U.S. metropolitan or micropolitan statistical areas (MMSAs). Smoking-related PAFs for Cancer mortality in ages ≥ 30 years in 2013–2017 were estimated using cross-sectional age-, sex-, and MMSA-specific cigarette smoking prevalence and Cancer mortality data obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the U.S. Cancer Statistics Database, respectively. Overall smoking-related PAFs of Cancer ranged from 8.8% (95% CI, 6.3–11.9%) to 35.7% (33.3–37.9%); MMSAs with the highest PAFs were in the South region and Appalachia. PAFs also substantially varied across MMSAs within regions or states. In the Northeast, for example, the PAF ranged from 24.2% (23.7–24.7%) to 33.7% (31.3–36.2%). The proportion of Cancer deaths attributable to cigarette smoking is considerable in each MMSA, with as many as 4 in 10 Cancer deaths attributable to smoking in the South region and Appalachia. Broad and equitable implementation and enforcement of proven tobacco control interventions at all government levels could avert many Cancer deaths across the USA.
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prostate Cancer incidence 5 years after us preventive services task force recommendations against screening
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2020Co-Authors: Ahmedin Jemal, Farhad Islami, Marybeth B Culp, Stacey A FedewaAbstract:Background Previous studies reported that prostate Cancer incidence rates in the United States (US) declined for local-stage disease and increased for regional- and distant-stage disease following the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations against prostate-specific antigen-based screening for men aged ≥75 in 2008 and for all men in 2012. It is unknown, however, whether these patterns persisted through 2016. Methods Based on the US Cancer Statistics Public Use Research Database, we examined temporal trends in invasive prostate Cancer incidence from 2005-2016 in men aged ≥50 years stratified by stage (local, regional, and distant), age group (50-74 and ≥75), and race/ethnicity (all races/ethnicities, non-Hispanic whites, and non-Hispanic blacks) with joinpoint regression models to estimate annual percent changes. Tests of statistical significance are two-sided, P Results For all races/ethnicities combined, incidence for local-stage disease declined beginning in 2007 in men aged 50-74 and ≥75 years though the decline stabilized during 2013-2016 in men aged ≥75 years. Incidence decreased by 6.4% (95%CI, 4-9%-7.9%) per year from 2007-2016 in men aged 50-74 years and by 10.7% (95%CI, 6.2%-15.0%) per year from 2007-2013 in men aged ≥75 years. In contrast, incidence for regional- and distant-stage disease increased in both age groups during the study period. For example, distant-stage incidence in men aged ≥75 years increased by 5.2% (95%CI, 4.2%-6.1%) per year from 2010-2016. Conclusions Regional- and distant-stage prostate Cancer incidence continue to increase in the US in men aged ≥50 years, and future studies are needed to identify reasons for the rising trends.
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Cancer Statistics 2020
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2020Co-Authors: Rebecca L Siegel, Kimberly D Miller, Ahmedin JemalAbstract:Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new Cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based Cancer occurrence. Incidence data (through 2016) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data (through 2017) were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2020, 1,806,590 new Cancer cases and 606,520 Cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. The Cancer death rate rose until 1991, then fell continuously through 2017, resulting in an overall decline of 29% that translates into an estimated 2.9 million fewer Cancer deaths than would have occurred if peak rates had persisted. This progress is driven by long-term declines in death rates for the 4 leading Cancers (lung, colorectal, breast, prostate); however, over the past decade (2008-2017), reductions slowed for female breast and colorectal Cancers, and halted for prostate Cancer. In contrast, declines accelerated for lung Cancer, from 3% annually during 2008 through 2013 to 5% during 2013 through 2017 in men and from 2% to almost 4% in women, spurring the largest ever single-year drop in overall Cancer mortality of 2.2% from 2016 to 2017. Yet lung Cancer still caused more deaths in 2017 than breast, prostate, colorectal, and brain Cancers combined. Recent mortality declines were also dramatic for melanoma of the skin in the wake of US Food and Drug Administration approval of new therapies for metastatic disease, escalating to 7% annually during 2013 through 2017 from 1% during 2006 through 2010 in men and women aged 50 to 64 years and from 2% to 3% in those aged 20 to 49 years; annual declines of 5% to 6% in individuals aged 65 years and older are particularly striking because rates in this age group were increasing prior to 2013. It is also notable that long-term rapid increases in liver Cancer mortality have attenuated in women and stabilized in men. In summary, slowing momentum for some Cancers amenable to early detection is juxtaposed with notable gains for other common Cancers.
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Cancer Statistics 2019
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2019Co-Authors: Rebecca L Siegel, Kimberly D Miller, Ahmedin JemalAbstract:Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new Cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on Cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data, available through 2015, were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data, available through 2016, were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2019, 1,762,450 new Cancer cases and 606,880 Cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Over the past decade of data, the Cancer incidence rate (2006-2015) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% per year in men, whereas the Cancer death rate (2007-2016) declined annually by 1.4% and 1.8%, respectively. The overall Cancer death rate dropped continuously from 1991 to 2016 by a total of 27%, translating into approximately 2,629,200 fewer Cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Although the racial gap in Cancer mortality is slowly narrowing, socioeconomic inequalities are widening, with the most notable gaps for the most preventable Cancers. For example, compared with the most affluent counties, mortality rates in the poorest counties were 2-fold higher for cervical Cancer and 40% higher for male lung and liver Cancers during 2012-2016. Some states are home to both the wealthiest and the poorest counties, suggesting the opportunity for more equitable dissemination of effective Cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies. A broader application of existing Cancer control knowledge with an emphasis on disadvantaged groups would undoubtedly accelerate progress against Cancer.
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global Cancer Statistics 2018 globocan estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 countries
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2018Co-Authors: Freddie Bray, Lindsey A Torre, Rebecca L Siegel, Jacques Ferlay, Isabelle Soerjomataram, Ahmedin JemalAbstract:This article provides a status report on the global burden of Cancer worldwide using the GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates of Cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, with a focus on geographic variability across 20 world regions. There will be an estimated 18.1 million new Cancer cases (17.0 million excluding nonmelanoma skin Cancer) and 9.6 million Cancer deaths (9.5 million excluding nonmelanoma skin Cancer) in 2018. In both sexes combined, lung Cancer is the most commonly diagnosed Cancer (11.6% of the total cases) and the leading cause of Cancer death (18.4% of the total Cancer deaths), closely followed by female breast Cancer (11.6%), prostate Cancer (7.1%), and colorectal Cancer (6.1%) for incidence and colorectal Cancer (9.2%), stomach Cancer (8.2%), and liver Cancer (8.2%) for mortality. Lung Cancer is the most frequent Cancer and the leading cause of Cancer death among males, followed by prostate and colorectal Cancer (for incidence) and liver and stomach Cancer (for mortality). Among females, breast Cancer is the most commonly diagnosed Cancer and the leading cause of Cancer death, followed by colorectal and lung Cancer (for incidence), and vice versa (for mortality); cervical Cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. The most frequently diagnosed Cancer and the leading cause of Cancer death, however, substantially vary across countries and within each country depending on the degree of economic development and associated social and life style factors. It is noteworthy that high-quality Cancer registry data, the basis for planning and implementing evidence-based Cancer control programs, are not available in most low- and middle-income countries. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development is an international partnership that supports better estimation, as well as the collection and use of local data, to prioritize and evaluate national Cancer control efforts. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2018;0:1-31. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Rebecca L Siegel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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colorectal Cancer Statistics 2020
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2020Co-Authors: Rebecca L Siegel, Kimberly D Miller, Ann Goding Sauer, Stacey A Fedewa, Lynn F Butterly, Joseph C Anderson, Andrea Cercek, Robert A SmithAbstract:Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of Cancer death in the United States. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society provides an update of CRC occurrence based on incidence data (available through 2016) from population-based Cancer registries and mortality data (through 2017) from the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2020, approximately 147,950 individuals will be diagnosed with CRC and 53,200 will die from the disease, including 17,930 cases and 3,640 deaths in individuals aged younger than 50 years. The incidence rate during 2012 through 2016 ranged from 30 (per 100,000 persons) in Asian/Pacific Islanders to 45.7 in blacks and 89 in Alaska Natives. Rapid declines in incidence among screening-aged individuals during the 2000s continued during 2011 through 2016 in those aged 65 years and older (by 3.3% annually) but reversed in those aged 50 to 64 years, among whom rates increased by 1% annually. Among individuals aged younger than 50 years, the incidence rate increased by approximately 2% annually for tumors in the proximal and distal colon, as well as the rectum, driven by trends in non-Hispanic whites. CRC death rates during 2008 through 2017 declined by 3% annually in individuals aged 65 years and older and by 0.6% annually in individuals aged 50 to 64 years while increasing by 1.3% annually in those aged younger than 50 years. Mortality declines among individuals aged 50 years and older were steepest among blacks, who also had the only decreasing trend among those aged younger than 50 years, and excluded American Indians/Alaska Natives, among whom rates remained stable. Progress against CRC can be accelerated by increasing access to guideline-recommended screening and high-quality treatment, particularly among Alaska Natives, and elucidating causes for rising incidence in young and middle-aged adults.
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Cancer Statistics 2020
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2020Co-Authors: Rebecca L Siegel, Kimberly D Miller, Ahmedin JemalAbstract:Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new Cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based Cancer occurrence. Incidence data (through 2016) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data (through 2017) were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2020, 1,806,590 new Cancer cases and 606,520 Cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. The Cancer death rate rose until 1991, then fell continuously through 2017, resulting in an overall decline of 29% that translates into an estimated 2.9 million fewer Cancer deaths than would have occurred if peak rates had persisted. This progress is driven by long-term declines in death rates for the 4 leading Cancers (lung, colorectal, breast, prostate); however, over the past decade (2008-2017), reductions slowed for female breast and colorectal Cancers, and halted for prostate Cancer. In contrast, declines accelerated for lung Cancer, from 3% annually during 2008 through 2013 to 5% during 2013 through 2017 in men and from 2% to almost 4% in women, spurring the largest ever single-year drop in overall Cancer mortality of 2.2% from 2016 to 2017. Yet lung Cancer still caused more deaths in 2017 than breast, prostate, colorectal, and brain Cancers combined. Recent mortality declines were also dramatic for melanoma of the skin in the wake of US Food and Drug Administration approval of new therapies for metastatic disease, escalating to 7% annually during 2013 through 2017 from 1% during 2006 through 2010 in men and women aged 50 to 64 years and from 2% to 3% in those aged 20 to 49 years; annual declines of 5% to 6% in individuals aged 65 years and older are particularly striking because rates in this age group were increasing prior to 2013. It is also notable that long-term rapid increases in liver Cancer mortality have attenuated in women and stabilized in men. In summary, slowing momentum for some Cancers amenable to early detection is juxtaposed with notable gains for other common Cancers.
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Cancer Statistics 2019
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2019Co-Authors: Rebecca L Siegel, Kimberly D Miller, Ahmedin JemalAbstract:Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new Cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on Cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data, available through 2015, were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data, available through 2016, were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2019, 1,762,450 new Cancer cases and 606,880 Cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Over the past decade of data, the Cancer incidence rate (2006-2015) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% per year in men, whereas the Cancer death rate (2007-2016) declined annually by 1.4% and 1.8%, respectively. The overall Cancer death rate dropped continuously from 1991 to 2016 by a total of 27%, translating into approximately 2,629,200 fewer Cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Although the racial gap in Cancer mortality is slowly narrowing, socioeconomic inequalities are widening, with the most notable gaps for the most preventable Cancers. For example, compared with the most affluent counties, mortality rates in the poorest counties were 2-fold higher for cervical Cancer and 40% higher for male lung and liver Cancers during 2012-2016. Some states are home to both the wealthiest and the poorest counties, suggesting the opportunity for more equitable dissemination of effective Cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies. A broader application of existing Cancer control knowledge with an emphasis on disadvantaged groups would undoubtedly accelerate progress against Cancer.
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global Cancer Statistics 2018 globocan estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 countries
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2018Co-Authors: Freddie Bray, Lindsey A Torre, Rebecca L Siegel, Jacques Ferlay, Isabelle Soerjomataram, Ahmedin JemalAbstract:This article provides a status report on the global burden of Cancer worldwide using the GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates of Cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, with a focus on geographic variability across 20 world regions. There will be an estimated 18.1 million new Cancer cases (17.0 million excluding nonmelanoma skin Cancer) and 9.6 million Cancer deaths (9.5 million excluding nonmelanoma skin Cancer) in 2018. In both sexes combined, lung Cancer is the most commonly diagnosed Cancer (11.6% of the total cases) and the leading cause of Cancer death (18.4% of the total Cancer deaths), closely followed by female breast Cancer (11.6%), prostate Cancer (7.1%), and colorectal Cancer (6.1%) for incidence and colorectal Cancer (9.2%), stomach Cancer (8.2%), and liver Cancer (8.2%) for mortality. Lung Cancer is the most frequent Cancer and the leading cause of Cancer death among males, followed by prostate and colorectal Cancer (for incidence) and liver and stomach Cancer (for mortality). Among females, breast Cancer is the most commonly diagnosed Cancer and the leading cause of Cancer death, followed by colorectal and lung Cancer (for incidence), and vice versa (for mortality); cervical Cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. The most frequently diagnosed Cancer and the leading cause of Cancer death, however, substantially vary across countries and within each country depending on the degree of economic development and associated social and life style factors. It is noteworthy that high-quality Cancer registry data, the basis for planning and implementing evidence-based Cancer control programs, are not available in most low- and middle-income countries. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development is an international partnership that supports better estimation, as well as the collection and use of local data, to prioritize and evaluate national Cancer control efforts. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2018;0:1-31. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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ovarian Cancer Statistics 2018
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2018Co-Authors: Lindsey A Torre, Kimberly D Miller, Ahmedin Jemal, Carol Desantis, Britton Trabert, Goli Samimi, Carolyn D Runowicz, Mia M Gaudet, Rebecca L SiegelAbstract:In 2018, there will be approximately 22,240 new cases of ovarian Cancer diagnosed and 14,070 ovarian Cancer deaths in the United States. Herein, the American Cancer Society provides an overview of ovarian Cancer occurrence based on incidence data from nationwide population-based Cancer registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. The status of early detection strategies is also reviewed. In the United States, the overall ovarian Cancer incidence rate declined from 1985 (16.6 per 100,000) to 2014 (11.8 per 100,000) by 29% and the mortality rate declined between 1976 (10.0 per 100,000) and 2015 (6.7 per 100,000) by 33%. Ovarian Cancer encompasses a heterogenous group of malignancies that vary in etiology, molecular biology, and numerous other characteristics. Ninety percent of ovarian Cancers are epithelial, the most common being serous carcinoma, for which incidence is highest in non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) (5.2 per 100,000) and lowest in non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) and Asians/Pacific Islanders (APIs) (3.4 per 100,000). Notably, however, APIs have the highest incidence of endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas, which occur at younger ages and help explain comparable epithelial Cancer incidence for APIs and NHWs younger than 55 years. Most serous carcinomas are diagnosed at stage III (51%) or IV (29%), for which the 5-year cause-specific survival for patients diagnosed during 2007 through 2013 was 42% and 26%, respectively. For all stages of epithelial Cancer combined, 5-year survival is highest in APIs (57%) and lowest in NHBs (35%), who have the lowest survival for almost every stage of diagnosis across Cancer subtypes. Moreover, survival has plateaued in NHBs for decades despite increasing in NHWs, from 40% for cases diagnosed during 1992 through 1994 to 47% during 2007 through 2013. Progress in reducing ovarian Cancer incidence and mortality can be accelerated by reducing racial disparities and furthering knowledge of etiology and tumorigenesis to facilitate strategies for prevention and early detection. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:284-296. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Michael J Thun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cancer Statistics 2009
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2009Co-Authors: Ahmedin Jemal, Elizabeth Ward, Rebecca L Siegel, Yongping Hao, Michael J ThunAbstract:Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new Cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on Cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Incidence and death rates are standardized by age to the 2000 United States standard million population. A total of 1,479,350 new Cancer cases and 562,340 deaths from Cancer are projected to occur in the United States in 2009. Overall Cancer incidence rates decreased in the most recent time period in both men (1.8% per year from 2001 to 2005) and women (0.6% per year from 1998 to 2005), largely because of decreases in the three major Cancer sites in men (lung, prostate, and colon and rectum [colorectum]) and in two major Cancer sites in women (breast and colorectum). Overall Cancer death rates decreased in men by 19.2% between 1990 and 2005, with decreases in lung (37%), prostate (24%), and colorectal (17%) Cancer rates accounting for nearly 80% of the total decrease. Among women, overall Cancer death rates between 1991 and 2005 decreased by 11.4%, with decreases in breast (37%) and colorectal (24%) Cancer rates accounting for 60% of the total decrease. The reduction in the overall Cancer death rates has resulted in the avoidance of about 650,000 deaths from Cancer over the 15-year period. This report also examines Cancer incidence, mortality, and survival by site, sex, race/ethnicity, education, geographic area, and calendar year. Although progress has been made in reducing incidence and mortality rates and improving survival, Cancer still accounts for more deaths than heart disease in persons younger than 85 years of age. Further progress can be accelerated by applying existing Cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population and by supporting new discoveries in Cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment.
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Cancer Statistics 2008
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2008Co-Authors: Ahmedin Jemal, Elizabeth Ward, Rebecca L Siegel, Taylor Murray, Yongping Hao, Michael J ThunAbstract:Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new Cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on Cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Incidence and death rates are age-standardized to the 2000 US standard million population. A total of 1,437,180 new Cancer cases and 565,650 deaths from Cancer are projected to occur in the United States in 2008. Notable trends in Cancer incidence and mortality include stabilization of incidence rates for all Cancer sites combined in men from 1995 through 2004 and in women from 1999 through 2004 and a continued decrease in the Cancer death rate since 1990 in men and since 1991 in women. Overall Cancer death rates in 2004 compared with 1990 in men and 1991 in women decreased by 18.4% and 10.5%, respectively, resulting in the avoidance of over a half million deaths from Cancer during this time interval. This report also examines Cancer incidence, mortality, and survival by site, sex, race/ethnicity, education, geographic area, and calendar year, as well as the proportionate contribution of selected sites to the overall trends. Although much progress has been made in reducing mortality rates, stabilizing incidence rates, and improving survival, Cancer still accounts for more deaths than heart disease in persons under age 85 years. Further progress can be accelerated by supporting new discoveries and by applying existing Cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population.
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Cancer Statistics 2007
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2007Co-Authors: Ahmedin Jemal, Elizabeth Ward, Rebecca L Siegel, Taylor Murray, Michael J ThunAbstract:Each year, the American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates the number of new Cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on Cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. This report considers incidence data through 2003 and mortality data through 2004. Incidence and death rates are age-standardized to the 2000 US standard million population. A total of 1,444,920 new Cancer cases and 559,650 deaths for Cancers are projected to occur in the United States in 2007. Notable trends in Cancer incidence and mortality rates include stabilization of the age-standardized, delay-adjusted incidence rates for all Cancers combined in men from 1995 through 2003; a continuing increase in the incidence rate by 0.3% per year in women; and a 13.6% total decrease in age-standardized Cancer death rates among men and women combined between 1991 and 2004. This report also examines Cancer incidence, mortality, and survival by site, sex, race/ethnicity, geographic area, and calendar year, as well as the proportionate contribution of selected sites to the overall trends. While the absolute number of Cancer deaths decreased for the second consecutive year in the United States (by more than 3,000 from 2003 to 2004) and much progress has been made in reducing mortality rates and improving survival, Cancer still accounts for more deaths than heart disease in persons under age 85 years. Further progress can be accelerated by supporting new discoveries and by applying existing Cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population.
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Cancer Statistics 2006
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2006Co-Authors: Ahmedin Jemal, Elizabeth Ward, Rebecca L Siegel, Taylor Murray, Carol Smigal, Michael J ThunAbstract:Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new Cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on Cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Incidence and death rates are age-standardized to the 2000 US standard million population. A total of 1,399,790 new Cancer cases and 564,830 deaths from Cancer are expected in the United States in 2006. When deaths are aggregated by age, Cancer has surpassed heart disease as the leading cause of death for those younger than age 85 since 1999. Delay-adjusted Cancer incidence rates stabilized in men from 1995 through 2002, but continued to increase by 0.3% per year from 1987 through 2002 in women. Between 2002 and 2003, the actual number of recorded Cancer deaths decreased by 778 in men, but increased by 409 in women, resulting in a net decrease of 369, the first decrease in the total number of Cancer deaths since national mortality record keeping was instituted in 1930. The death rate from all Cancers combined has decreased by 1.5% per year since 1993 among men and by 0.8% per year since 1992 among women. The mortality rate has also continued to decrease for the three most common Cancer sites in men (lung and bronchus, colon and rectum, and prostate) and for breast and colon and rectum Cancers in women. Lung Cancer mortality among women continues to increase slightly. In analyses by race and ethnicity, African American men and women have 40% and 18% higher death rates from all Cancers combined than White men and women, respectively. Cancer incidence and death rates are lower in other racial and ethnic groups than in Whites and African Americans for all sites combined and for the four major Cancer sites. However, these groups generally have higher rates for stomach, liver, and cervical Cancers than Whites. Furthermore, minority populations are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced stage disease than are Whites. Progress in reducing the burden of suffering and death from Cancer can be accelerated by applying existing Cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population.
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Cancer Statistics 2005
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2005Co-Authors: Ahmedin Jemal, Taylor Murray, Elizabeth M Ward, Alicia Samuels, Ram C Tiwari, Asma Ghafoor, Eric J Feuer, Michael J ThunAbstract:Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new Cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on Cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Incidence and death rates are age-standardized to the 2000 US standard million population. A total of 1,372,910 new Cancer cases and 570,280 deaths are expected in the United States in 2005. When deaths are aggregated by age, Cancer has surpassed heart disease as the leading cause of death for persons younger than 85 since 1999. When adjusted to delayed reporting, Cancer incidence rates stabilized in men from 1995 through 2001 but continued to increase by 0.3% per year from 1987 through 2001 in women. The death rate from all Cancers combined has decreased by 1.5% per year since 1993 among men and by 0.8% per year since 1992 among women. The mortality rate has also continued to decrease from the three most common Cancer sites in men (lung and bronchus, colon and rectum, and prostate) and from breast and colorectal Cancers in women. Lung Cancer mortality among women has leveled off after increasing for many decades. In analyses by race and ethnicity, African American men and women have 40% and 20% higher death rates from all Cancers combined than White men and women, respectively. Cancer incidence and death rates are lower in other racial and ethnic groups than in Whites and African Americans for all sites combined and for the four major Cancer sites. However, these groups generally have higher rates for stomach, liver, and cervical Cancers than Whites. Furthermore, minority populations are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced stage disease than are Whites. Progress in reducing the burden of suffering and death from Cancer can be accelerated by applying existing Cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population.
Freddie Bray - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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global Cancer Statistics 2018 globocan estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 countries
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2018Co-Authors: Freddie Bray, Lindsey A Torre, Rebecca L Siegel, Jacques Ferlay, Isabelle Soerjomataram, Ahmedin JemalAbstract:This article provides a status report on the global burden of Cancer worldwide using the GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates of Cancer incidence and mortality produced by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, with a focus on geographic variability across 20 world regions. There will be an estimated 18.1 million new Cancer cases (17.0 million excluding nonmelanoma skin Cancer) and 9.6 million Cancer deaths (9.5 million excluding nonmelanoma skin Cancer) in 2018. In both sexes combined, lung Cancer is the most commonly diagnosed Cancer (11.6% of the total cases) and the leading cause of Cancer death (18.4% of the total Cancer deaths), closely followed by female breast Cancer (11.6%), prostate Cancer (7.1%), and colorectal Cancer (6.1%) for incidence and colorectal Cancer (9.2%), stomach Cancer (8.2%), and liver Cancer (8.2%) for mortality. Lung Cancer is the most frequent Cancer and the leading cause of Cancer death among males, followed by prostate and colorectal Cancer (for incidence) and liver and stomach Cancer (for mortality). Among females, breast Cancer is the most commonly diagnosed Cancer and the leading cause of Cancer death, followed by colorectal and lung Cancer (for incidence), and vice versa (for mortality); cervical Cancer ranks fourth for both incidence and mortality. The most frequently diagnosed Cancer and the leading cause of Cancer death, however, substantially vary across countries and within each country depending on the degree of economic development and associated social and life style factors. It is noteworthy that high-quality Cancer registry data, the basis for planning and implementing evidence-based Cancer control programs, are not available in most low- and middle-income countries. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development is an international partnership that supports better estimation, as well as the collection and use of local data, to prioritize and evaluate national Cancer control efforts. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2018;0:1-31. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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bladder Cancer incidence and mortality a global overview and recent trends
European Urology, 2017Co-Authors: Sebastien Antoni, Ahmedin Jemal, Jacques Ferlay, Ariana Znaor, Isabelle Soerjomataram, Freddie BrayAbstract:Abstract Context Bladder Cancer has become a common Cancer globally, with an estimated 430 000 new cases diagnosed in 2012. Objective We examine the most recent global bladder Cancer incidence and mortality patterns and trends, the current understanding of the aetiology of the disease, and specific issues that may influence the registration and reporting of bladder Cancer. Evidence acquisition Global bladder Cancer incidence and mortality Statistics are based on data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer and the World Health Organisation (Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, GLOBOCAN, and the World Health Organisation Mortality). Evidence synthesis Bladder Cancer ranks as the ninth most frequently-diagnosed Cancer worldwide, with the highest incidence rates observed in men in Southern and Western Europe, North America, as well in certain countries in Northern Africa or Western Asia. Incidence rates are consistently lower in women than men, although sex differences varied greatly between countries. Diverging incidence trends were also observed by sex in many countries, with stabilising or declining rates in men but some increasing trends seen for women. Bladder Cancer ranks 13th in terms of deaths ranks, with mortality rates decreasing particularly in the most developed countries; the exceptions are countries undergoing rapid economic transition, including in Central and South America, some central, southern, and eastern European countries, and the Baltic countries. Conclusions The observed patterns and trends of bladder Cancer incidence worldwide appear to reflect the prevalence of tobacco smoking, although infection with Schistosoma haematobium and other risk factors are major causes in selected populations. Differences in coding and registration practices need to be considered when comparing bladder Cancer Statistics geographically or over time. Patient summary The main risk factor for bladder Cancer is tobacco smoking. The observed patterns and trends of bladder Cancer incidence worldwide appear to reflect the prevalence of tobacco smoking.
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global burden of Cancers attributable to infections in 2012 a synthetic analysis
The Lancet Global Health, 2016Co-Authors: Martyn Plummer, Freddie Bray, Catherine De Martel, Jerome Vignat, M Jacques E Ferlay, Silvia FranceschiAbstract:Summary Background Infections with certain viruses, bacteria, and parasites are strong risk factors for specific Cancers. As new Cancer Statistics and epidemiological findings have accumulated in the past 5 years, we aimed to assess the causal involvement of the main carcinogenic agents in different Cancer types for the year 2012. Methods We considered ten infectious agents classified as carcinogenic to human beings by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We calculated the number of new Cancer cases in 2012 attributable to infections by country, by combining Cancer incidence estimates (from GLOBOCAN 2012) with estimates of attributable fraction (AF) for the infectious agents. AF estimates were calculated from the prevalence of infection in Cancer cases and the relative risk for the infection (for some sites). Estimates of infection prevalence, relative risk, and corresponding 95% CIs for AF were obtained from systematic reviews and pooled analyses. Findings Of 14 million new Cancer cases in 2012, 2·2 million (15·4%) were attributable to carcinogenic infections. The most important infectious agents worldwide were Helicobacter pylori (770 000 cases), human papillomavirus (640 000), hepatitis B virus (420 000), hepatitis C virus (170 000), and Epstein-Barr virus (120 000). Kaposi's sarcoma was the second largest contributor to the Cancer burden in sub-Saharan Africa. The AFs for infection varied by country and development status—from less than 5% in the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and some countries in western and northern Europe to more than 50% in some countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Interpretation A large potential exists for reducing the burden of Cancer caused by infections. Socioeconomic development is associated with a decrease in infection-associated Cancers; however, to reduce the incidence of these Cancers without delay, population-based vaccination and screen-and-treat programmes should be made accessible and available. Funding Fondation de France.
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Cancer Statistics in china 2015
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2016Co-Authors: Wanqing Chen, Freddie Bray, Hongmei Zeng, Rongshou Zheng, Siwei Zhang, Peter D Baade, Ahmedin JemalAbstract:With increasing incidence and mortality, Cancer is the leading cause of death in China and is a major public health problem. Because of China's massive population (1.37 billion), previous national incidence and mortality estimates have been limited to small samples of the population using data from the 1990s or based on a specific year. With high-quality data from an additional number of population-based registries now available through the National Central Cancer Registry of China, the authors analyzed data from 72 local, population-based Cancer registries (2009-2011), representing 6.5% of the population, to estimate the number of new cases and Cancer deaths for 2015. Data from 22 registries were used for trend analyses (2000-2011). The results indicated that an estimated 4292,000 new Cancer cases and 2814,000 Cancer deaths would occur in China in 2015, with lung Cancer being the most common incident Cancer and the leading cause of Cancer death. Stomach, esophageal, and liver Cancers were also commonly diagnosed and were identified as leading causes of Cancer death. Residents of rural areas had significantly higher age-standardized (Segi population) incidence and mortality rates for all Cancers combined than urban residents (213.6 per 100,000 vs 191.5 per 100,000 for incidence; 149.0 per 100,000 vs 109.5 per 100,000 for mortality, respectively). For all Cancers combined, the incidence rates were stable during 2000 through 2011 for males (+0.2% per year; P = .1), whereas they increased significantly (+2.2% per year; P < .05) among females. In contrast, the mortality rates since 2006 have decreased significantly for both males (-1.4% per year; P < .05) and females (-1.1% per year; P < .05). Many of the estimated Cancer cases and deaths can be prevented through reducing the prevalence of risk factors, while increasing the effectiveness of clinical care delivery, particularly for those living in rural areas and in disadvantaged populations.
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global Cancer Statistics 2012
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2015Co-Authors: Lindsey A Torre, Freddie Bray, Rebecca L Siegel, Jacques Ferlay, Joannie Lortettieulent, Ahmedin JemalAbstract:Cancer constitutes an enormous burden on society in more and less economically developed countries alike. The occurrence of Cancer is increasing because of the growth and aging of the population, as well as an increasing prevalence of established risk factors such as smoking, overweight, physical inactivity, and changing reproductive patterns associated with urbanization and economic development. Based on GLOBOCAN estimates, about 14.1 million new Cancer cases and 8.2 million deaths occurred in 2012 worldwide. Over the years, the burden has shifted to less developed countries, which currently account for about 57% of cases and 65% of Cancer deaths worldwide. Lung Cancer is the leading cause of Cancer death among males in both more and less developed countries, and has surpassed breast Cancer as the leading cause of Cancer death among females in more developed countries; breast Cancer remains the leading cause of Cancer death among females in less developed countries. Other leading causes of Cancer death in more developed countries include colorectal Cancer among males and females and prostate Cancer among males. In less developed countries, liver and stomach Cancer among males and cervical Cancer among females are also leading causes of Cancer death. Although incidence rates for all Cancers combined are nearly twice as high in more developed than in less developed countries in both males and females, mortality rates are only 8% to 15% higher in more developed countries. This disparity reflects regional differences in the mix of Cancers, which is affected by risk factors and detection practices, and/or the availability of treatment. Risk factors associated with the leading causes of Cancer death include tobacco use (lung, colorectal, stomach, and liver Cancer), overweight/obesity and physical inactivity (breast and colorectal Cancer), and infection (liver, stomach, and cervical Cancer). A substantial portion of Cancer cases and deaths could be prevented by broadly applying effective prevention measures, such as tobacco control, vaccination, and the use of early detection tests.
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colorectal Cancer Statistics 2020
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2020Co-Authors: Rebecca L Siegel, Kimberly D Miller, Ann Goding Sauer, Stacey A Fedewa, Lynn F Butterly, Joseph C Anderson, Andrea Cercek, Robert A SmithAbstract:Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of Cancer death in the United States. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society provides an update of CRC occurrence based on incidence data (available through 2016) from population-based Cancer registries and mortality data (through 2017) from the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2020, approximately 147,950 individuals will be diagnosed with CRC and 53,200 will die from the disease, including 17,930 cases and 3,640 deaths in individuals aged younger than 50 years. The incidence rate during 2012 through 2016 ranged from 30 (per 100,000 persons) in Asian/Pacific Islanders to 45.7 in blacks and 89 in Alaska Natives. Rapid declines in incidence among screening-aged individuals during the 2000s continued during 2011 through 2016 in those aged 65 years and older (by 3.3% annually) but reversed in those aged 50 to 64 years, among whom rates increased by 1% annually. Among individuals aged younger than 50 years, the incidence rate increased by approximately 2% annually for tumors in the proximal and distal colon, as well as the rectum, driven by trends in non-Hispanic whites. CRC death rates during 2008 through 2017 declined by 3% annually in individuals aged 65 years and older and by 0.6% annually in individuals aged 50 to 64 years while increasing by 1.3% annually in those aged younger than 50 years. Mortality declines among individuals aged 50 years and older were steepest among blacks, who also had the only decreasing trend among those aged younger than 50 years, and excluded American Indians/Alaska Natives, among whom rates remained stable. Progress against CRC can be accelerated by increasing access to guideline-recommended screening and high-quality treatment, particularly among Alaska Natives, and elucidating causes for rising incidence in young and middle-aged adults.
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Cancer Statistics 2020
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2020Co-Authors: Rebecca L Siegel, Kimberly D Miller, Ahmedin JemalAbstract:Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new Cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based Cancer occurrence. Incidence data (through 2016) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data (through 2017) were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2020, 1,806,590 new Cancer cases and 606,520 Cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. The Cancer death rate rose until 1991, then fell continuously through 2017, resulting in an overall decline of 29% that translates into an estimated 2.9 million fewer Cancer deaths than would have occurred if peak rates had persisted. This progress is driven by long-term declines in death rates for the 4 leading Cancers (lung, colorectal, breast, prostate); however, over the past decade (2008-2017), reductions slowed for female breast and colorectal Cancers, and halted for prostate Cancer. In contrast, declines accelerated for lung Cancer, from 3% annually during 2008 through 2013 to 5% during 2013 through 2017 in men and from 2% to almost 4% in women, spurring the largest ever single-year drop in overall Cancer mortality of 2.2% from 2016 to 2017. Yet lung Cancer still caused more deaths in 2017 than breast, prostate, colorectal, and brain Cancers combined. Recent mortality declines were also dramatic for melanoma of the skin in the wake of US Food and Drug Administration approval of new therapies for metastatic disease, escalating to 7% annually during 2013 through 2017 from 1% during 2006 through 2010 in men and women aged 50 to 64 years and from 2% to 3% in those aged 20 to 49 years; annual declines of 5% to 6% in individuals aged 65 years and older are particularly striking because rates in this age group were increasing prior to 2013. It is also notable that long-term rapid increases in liver Cancer mortality have attenuated in women and stabilized in men. In summary, slowing momentum for some Cancers amenable to early detection is juxtaposed with notable gains for other common Cancers.
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Cancer Statistics 2019
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2019Co-Authors: Rebecca L Siegel, Kimberly D Miller, Ahmedin JemalAbstract:Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new Cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on Cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data, available through 2015, were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data, available through 2016, were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2019, 1,762,450 new Cancer cases and 606,880 Cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Over the past decade of data, the Cancer incidence rate (2006-2015) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% per year in men, whereas the Cancer death rate (2007-2016) declined annually by 1.4% and 1.8%, respectively. The overall Cancer death rate dropped continuously from 1991 to 2016 by a total of 27%, translating into approximately 2,629,200 fewer Cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Although the racial gap in Cancer mortality is slowly narrowing, socioeconomic inequalities are widening, with the most notable gaps for the most preventable Cancers. For example, compared with the most affluent counties, mortality rates in the poorest counties were 2-fold higher for cervical Cancer and 40% higher for male lung and liver Cancers during 2012-2016. Some states are home to both the wealthiest and the poorest counties, suggesting the opportunity for more equitable dissemination of effective Cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies. A broader application of existing Cancer control knowledge with an emphasis on disadvantaged groups would undoubtedly accelerate progress against Cancer.
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ovarian Cancer Statistics 2018
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2018Co-Authors: Lindsey A Torre, Kimberly D Miller, Ahmedin Jemal, Carol Desantis, Britton Trabert, Goli Samimi, Carolyn D Runowicz, Mia M Gaudet, Rebecca L SiegelAbstract:In 2018, there will be approximately 22,240 new cases of ovarian Cancer diagnosed and 14,070 ovarian Cancer deaths in the United States. Herein, the American Cancer Society provides an overview of ovarian Cancer occurrence based on incidence data from nationwide population-based Cancer registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. The status of early detection strategies is also reviewed. In the United States, the overall ovarian Cancer incidence rate declined from 1985 (16.6 per 100,000) to 2014 (11.8 per 100,000) by 29% and the mortality rate declined between 1976 (10.0 per 100,000) and 2015 (6.7 per 100,000) by 33%. Ovarian Cancer encompasses a heterogenous group of malignancies that vary in etiology, molecular biology, and numerous other characteristics. Ninety percent of ovarian Cancers are epithelial, the most common being serous carcinoma, for which incidence is highest in non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) (5.2 per 100,000) and lowest in non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) and Asians/Pacific Islanders (APIs) (3.4 per 100,000). Notably, however, APIs have the highest incidence of endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas, which occur at younger ages and help explain comparable epithelial Cancer incidence for APIs and NHWs younger than 55 years. Most serous carcinomas are diagnosed at stage III (51%) or IV (29%), for which the 5-year cause-specific survival for patients diagnosed during 2007 through 2013 was 42% and 26%, respectively. For all stages of epithelial Cancer combined, 5-year survival is highest in APIs (57%) and lowest in NHBs (35%), who have the lowest survival for almost every stage of diagnosis across Cancer subtypes. Moreover, survival has plateaued in NHBs for decades despite increasing in NHWs, from 40% for cases diagnosed during 1992 through 1994 to 47% during 2007 through 2013. Progress in reducing ovarian Cancer incidence and mortality can be accelerated by reducing racial disparities and furthering knowledge of etiology and tumorigenesis to facilitate strategies for prevention and early detection. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:284-296. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Cancer Statistics 2018
CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2018Co-Authors: Rebecca L Siegel, Kimberly D Miller, Ahmedin JemalAbstract:Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new Cancer cases and deaths that will occur in the United States and compiles the most recent data on Cancer incidence, mortality, and survival. Incidence data, available through 2014, were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data, available through 2015, were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2018, 1,735,350 new Cancer cases and 609,640 Cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Over the past decade of data, the Cancer incidence rate (2005-2014) was stable in women and declined by approximately 2% annually in men, while the Cancer death rate (2006-2015) declined by about 1.5% annually in both men and women. The combined Cancer death rate dropped continuously from 1991 to 2015 by a total of 26%, translating to approximately 2,378,600 fewer Cancer deaths than would have been expected if death rates had remained at their peak. Of the 10 leading causes of death, only Cancer declined from 2014 to 2015. In 2015, the Cancer death rate was 14% higher in non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) than non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) overall (death rate ratio [DRR], 1.14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.13-1.15), but the racial disparity was much larger for individuals aged <65 years (DRR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.29-1.32) compared with those aged ≥65 years (DRR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.06-1.09) and varied substantially by state. For example, the Cancer death rate was lower in NHBs than NHWs in Massachusetts for all ages and in New York for individuals aged ≥65 years, whereas for those aged <65 years, it was 3 times higher in NHBs in the District of Columbia (DRR, 2.89; 95% CI, 2.16-3.91) and about 50% higher in Wisconsin (DRR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.56-2.02), Kansas (DRR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.25-1.81), Louisiana (DRR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.38-1.60), Illinois (DRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.39-1.57), and California (DRR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.38-1.54). Larger racial inequalities in young and middle-aged adults probably partly reflect less access to high-quality health care. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:7-30. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
