The Experts below are selected from a list of 1653 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Donald P Knowles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of a Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis virus/maedivisna virus indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the serological diagnosis of ovine progressive pneumonia virus in U.S. sheep. Clin. Vaccine Immunol
2016Co-Authors: Lynn M. Herrmann-hoesing, Gregory S. Lewis, Stephe N White, Katherine L Marshall, Kimberly C. Gouine, Michelle R. Mousel, Liam E. Broughton-neiswanger, Donald P KnowlesAbstract:A Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis virus (CAEV)/maedi-visna virus (MVV) indirect enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay (iELISA) was validated with samples from U.S. sheep and by the use of radioimmunoprecipitation as the standard for comparison. The sensitivity and the specificity were 86.0 % (5.8%) and 95.9 % (2.9%), respectively. The iELISA format and phylogenetic differences based on the MVV gag sequence contribute to the reduced sensitivity. The diagnosis of small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infec-tions in sheep and goats is most commonly determined by the detection of anti-SRLV antibodies in serum by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that is typically created by the use of maedi-visna virus (MVV) or Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis virus (CAEV) isolates from sheep or goats of a given region or country (1). ELISA formats are typically vali-dated against reference standard tests, including the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) assay, the radioimmunoprecipita-tion (IP) assay, or Western blot analysis. Although most sero
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evaluation of a Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus maedi visna virus indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the serological diagnosis of ovine progressive pneumonia virus in u s sheep
2010Co-Authors: Gregory S. Lewis, Stephe N White, Katherine L Marshall, Liam E Oughtonneiswange, Kimberly C. Gouine, Michelle R. Mousel, Lynn M Herrmannhoesing, Donald P KnowlesAbstract:A Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis virus (CAEV)/maedi-visna virus (MVV) indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) was validated with samples from U.S. sheep and by the use of radioimmunoprecipitation as the standard for comparison. The sensitivity and the specificity were 86.0% (5.8%) and 95.9% (2.9%), respectively. The iELISA format and phylogenetic differences based on the MVV gag sequence contribute to the reduced sensitivity.
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prime boost vaccination with plasmid dna encoding Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis lentivirus env and viral su suppresses challenge virus and development of Arthritis
2003Co-Authors: William P Cheevers, Donald P Knowles, Kevin Snekvik, J D Trujillo, Nancy Kumpulamcwhirter, K Pretty On J TopAbstract:This study evaluated the efficacy of prime-boost vaccination for immune control of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis virus (CAEV), a macrophage tropic lentivirus that causes progressive Arthritis in the natural host. Vaccination of Saanen goats with pUC-based plasmid DNA expressing CAEV env induces T helper type 1 (Th1) biased immune responses to vector-encoded surface envelope (SU), and the plasmid-primed Th1 response is expanded following boost with purified SU in Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (SU-FIA) (J. C. Beyer et al., 2001, Vaccine 19, 1643-1651). Four goats vaccinated with env expression plasmids and boosted with SU-FIA were challenged intravenously with 1 × 104 TCID50 of CAEV at 428 days after SU-FIA boost and evaluated by immunological, virological, and disease criteria. Controls included two goats primed with pUC18 and eight unvaccinated goats. Goats receiving prime-boost vaccination with CAEV env plasmids and SU-FIA became infected but suppressed postchallenge virus replication, provirus loads in lymph node, and development of Arthritis for at least 84 weeks.
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Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis lentivirus caev challenge of goats immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing caev surface and transmembrane envelope glycoproteins
1994Co-Authors: William P Cheevers, Donald P Knowles, Travis C. Mcguire, Timothy V Baszler, Gordon A HullingerAbstract:Abstract This study evaluated infection and disease following Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis lentivirus (CAEV) challenge of goats with existent immune response to CAEV surface and transmembrane envelope glycoproteins. Six Saanen goats were vaccinated three times with recombinant vaccinia virus rWR63 expressing glycoproteins encoded by the CAEV-63 envelope gene. Two goats were immunized with rWRSC11, a control vaccinia virus derived from the pSC11 vaccinia expression plasmid without the CAEV envelope gene. One pair of rWR63 vaccinated goats received a booster immunization with recombinant surface glycoprotein in Freund's complete adjuvant, a second pair was boosted by intravenous inoculation with rWR63, and the third pair was boosted by immunization with HPLC purified native CAEV surface glycoprotein in Freund's complete adjuvant. All six goats vaccinated with rWR63 developed antibody responses to CAEV envelope glycoproteins; however, CAEV-63 neutralizing antibody was not detected. Neither of the rWRSC11-vaccinated goats developed CAEV reactive antibody. All goats were challenged by intravenous inoculation with 106 TCID50 CAEV-63. All goats became infected following challenge infection, shown by detection of serum antibody to CAEV core proteins and virus isolation. Existent CAEV-63 immune responses did not detectably alter the severity of inflammatory joint lesions at 24 weeks postchallenge.
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evaluation of agar gel immunodiffusion serology using Caprine and ovine lentiviral antigens for detection of antibody to Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus
1994Co-Authors: Donald P Knowles, C Shropshire, J Vanderschalie, Daniel S Bradway, H M Gezon, William P CheeversAbstract:The sensitivity of the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test for the detection of antibody to Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis virus (CAEV) was investigated with CAEV or ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) as the source of antigen. A total of 218 goat serum specimens were tested for anti-CAEV antibody by AGID and immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labeled CAEV. In comparison with that of immunoprecipitation, the sensitivity of the CAEV AGID test was 0.91, and that of the OPPV AGID test was 0.56. The AGID test with either antigen was 100% specific. The lower sensitivity of the OPPV AGID test in detecting Caprine antibody to CAEV indicates that OPPV antigen is of limited value for use in CAEV diagnosis and control programs. Images
William P Cheevers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prime boost vaccination with plasmid dna encoding Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis lentivirus env and viral su suppresses challenge virus and development of Arthritis
2003Co-Authors: William P Cheevers, Donald P Knowles, Kevin Snekvik, J D Trujillo, Nancy Kumpulamcwhirter, K Pretty On J TopAbstract:This study evaluated the efficacy of prime-boost vaccination for immune control of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis virus (CAEV), a macrophage tropic lentivirus that causes progressive Arthritis in the natural host. Vaccination of Saanen goats with pUC-based plasmid DNA expressing CAEV env induces T helper type 1 (Th1) biased immune responses to vector-encoded surface envelope (SU), and the plasmid-primed Th1 response is expanded following boost with purified SU in Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (SU-FIA) (J. C. Beyer et al., 2001, Vaccine 19, 1643-1651). Four goats vaccinated with env expression plasmids and boosted with SU-FIA were challenged intravenously with 1 × 104 TCID50 of CAEV at 428 days after SU-FIA boost and evaluated by immunological, virological, and disease criteria. Controls included two goats primed with pUC18 and eight unvaccinated goats. Goats receiving prime-boost vaccination with CAEV env plasmids and SU-FIA became infected but suppressed postchallenge virus replication, provirus loads in lymph node, and development of Arthritis for at least 84 weeks.
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Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis lentivirus caev challenge of goats immunized with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing caev surface and transmembrane envelope glycoproteins
1994Co-Authors: William P Cheevers, Donald P Knowles, Travis C. Mcguire, Timothy V Baszler, Gordon A HullingerAbstract:Abstract This study evaluated infection and disease following Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis lentivirus (CAEV) challenge of goats with existent immune response to CAEV surface and transmembrane envelope glycoproteins. Six Saanen goats were vaccinated three times with recombinant vaccinia virus rWR63 expressing glycoproteins encoded by the CAEV-63 envelope gene. Two goats were immunized with rWRSC11, a control vaccinia virus derived from the pSC11 vaccinia expression plasmid without the CAEV envelope gene. One pair of rWR63 vaccinated goats received a booster immunization with recombinant surface glycoprotein in Freund's complete adjuvant, a second pair was boosted by intravenous inoculation with rWR63, and the third pair was boosted by immunization with HPLC purified native CAEV surface glycoprotein in Freund's complete adjuvant. All six goats vaccinated with rWR63 developed antibody responses to CAEV envelope glycoproteins; however, CAEV-63 neutralizing antibody was not detected. Neither of the rWRSC11-vaccinated goats developed CAEV reactive antibody. All goats were challenged by intravenous inoculation with 106 TCID50 CAEV-63. All goats became infected following challenge infection, shown by detection of serum antibody to CAEV core proteins and virus isolation. Existent CAEV-63 immune responses did not detectably alter the severity of inflammatory joint lesions at 24 weeks postchallenge.
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evaluation of agar gel immunodiffusion serology using Caprine and ovine lentiviral antigens for detection of antibody to Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus
1994Co-Authors: Donald P Knowles, C Shropshire, J Vanderschalie, Daniel S Bradway, H M Gezon, William P CheeversAbstract:The sensitivity of the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test for the detection of antibody to Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis virus (CAEV) was investigated with CAEV or ovine progressive pneumonia virus (OPPV) as the source of antigen. A total of 218 goat serum specimens were tested for anti-CAEV antibody by AGID and immunoprecipitation of [35S]methionine-labeled CAEV. In comparison with that of immunoprecipitation, the sensitivity of the CAEV AGID test was 0.91, and that of the OPPV AGID test was 0.56. The AGID test with either antigen was 100% specific. The lower sensitivity of the OPPV AGID test in detecting Caprine antibody to CAEV indicates that OPPV antigen is of limited value for use in CAEV diagnosis and control programs. Images
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Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis lentivirus su is the ligand for infection of Caprine synovial membrane cells
1993Co-Authors: Gordon A Hullinger, Travis C. Mcguire, Donald P Knowles, William P CheeversAbstract:Infection of goat synovial membrane (GSM) cells by Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis virus (CAEV) was inhibited by incubation of cells with CAEV gp 135 envelope glycoprotein (SU) expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus. Incubation of cells with protein expressed by a control recombinant vaccinia virus without the CAEV envelope gene did not inhibit CAEV infection. Removal of recombinant SU from blocking medium by adsorption with anti-SU IgG/protein G-Sepharose complexes resulted in loss of CAEV inhibition. Results support that CAEV infection of GSM cells is mediated by a specific interaction between SU and a cell surface receptor or receptor complex.
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Transmembrane protein oligomers of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis lentivirus are immunodominant in goats with progressive Arthritis.
1992Co-Authors: Travis C. Mcguire, Donald P Knowles, William C. Davis, Alberta L. Brassfield, T A Stem, William P CheeversAbstract:To dissect mechanisms of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis lentivirus-induced Arthritis, an undefined immunodominant viral glycoprotein, gp90 (G. C. Johnson, A. F. Barbet, P. Klevjer-Anderson, and T. C. McGuire, Infect. Immun. 41:657-665, 1983), was characterized. Monoclonal antibody to gp90 and specific antiserum to env gene products demonstrated that gp90 was a transmembrane protein (TM) dimer. Goats with progressive Arthritis had high antibody titers to oligomeric and monomeric (38-kDa) TM.
Lynn M Herrmannhoesing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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evaluation of a Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus maedi visna virus indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the serological diagnosis of ovine progressive pneumonia virus in u s sheep
2010Co-Authors: Gregory S. Lewis, Stephe N White, Katherine L Marshall, Liam E Oughtonneiswange, Kimberly C. Gouine, Michelle R. Mousel, Lynn M Herrmannhoesing, Donald P KnowlesAbstract:A Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis virus (CAEV)/maedi-visna virus (MVV) indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) was validated with samples from U.S. sheep and by the use of radioimmunoprecipitation as the standard for comparison. The sensitivity and the specificity were 86.0% (5.8%) and 95.9% (2.9%), respectively. The iELISA format and phylogenetic differences based on the MVV gag sequence contribute to the reduced sensitivity.
Stephe N White - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of a Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis virus/maedivisna virus indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the serological diagnosis of ovine progressive pneumonia virus in U.S. sheep. Clin. Vaccine Immunol
2016Co-Authors: Lynn M. Herrmann-hoesing, Gregory S. Lewis, Stephe N White, Katherine L Marshall, Kimberly C. Gouine, Michelle R. Mousel, Liam E. Broughton-neiswanger, Donald P KnowlesAbstract:A Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis virus (CAEV)/maedi-visna virus (MVV) indirect enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay (iELISA) was validated with samples from U.S. sheep and by the use of radioimmunoprecipitation as the standard for comparison. The sensitivity and the specificity were 86.0 % (5.8%) and 95.9 % (2.9%), respectively. The iELISA format and phylogenetic differences based on the MVV gag sequence contribute to the reduced sensitivity. The diagnosis of small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infec-tions in sheep and goats is most commonly determined by the detection of anti-SRLV antibodies in serum by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that is typically created by the use of maedi-visna virus (MVV) or Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis virus (CAEV) isolates from sheep or goats of a given region or country (1). ELISA formats are typically vali-dated against reference standard tests, including the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) assay, the radioimmunoprecipita-tion (IP) assay, or Western blot analysis. Although most sero
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evaluation of a Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus maedi visna virus indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the serological diagnosis of ovine progressive pneumonia virus in u s sheep
2010Co-Authors: Gregory S. Lewis, Stephe N White, Katherine L Marshall, Liam E Oughtonneiswange, Kimberly C. Gouine, Michelle R. Mousel, Lynn M Herrmannhoesing, Donald P KnowlesAbstract:A Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis virus (CAEV)/maedi-visna virus (MVV) indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) was validated with samples from U.S. sheep and by the use of radioimmunoprecipitation as the standard for comparison. The sensitivity and the specificity were 86.0% (5.8%) and 95.9% (2.9%), respectively. The iELISA format and phylogenetic differences based on the MVV gag sequence contribute to the reduced sensitivity.
Brian G Murphy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus is associated with renal lesions
2021Co-Authors: Brian G Murphy, Diego Castillo, Asli Mete, Helena Vogel, Dayna Goldsmith, Marietta Barro, Omar GonzalesvieraAbstract:Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a monocyte/macrophage-tropic lentivirus that primarily infects goats resulting in a well-recognized set of chronic inflammatory syndromes focused on the joint synovium, tissues of the central nervous system, pulmonary interstitium and mammary gland. Clinically affected animals generally manifest with one or more of these classic CAEV-associated tissue lesions; however, CAEV-associated renal inflammation in goats has not been reported in the peer-reviewed literature. Here we describe six goats with chronic, multisystemic CAEV infections in conjunction with CAEV-associated renal lesions. One of the animals had CAEV antigen-associated thrombotic arteritis resulting in infarction of both the kidney and heart. These goats had microscopic evidence of inflammatory renal injury (interstitial nephritis) with detectable renal immunolabeling for CAEV antigen in three of six animals and amplifiable proviral sequences consistent with CAEV in all six animals. Cardiac lesions (vascular, myocardial or endocardial) were also identified in four of six animals. Within the viral promoter (U3) region, known transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) were generally conserved, although one viral isolate had a duplication of the U3 A region encoding a second gamma-activated site (GAS). Despite the TFBS conservation, the isolates demonstrated a degree of phylogenetic diversity. At present, the clinical consequence of CAEV-associated renal injury is not clear.
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a polytropic Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus promoter isolated from multiple tissues from a sheep with multisystemic lentivirus associated inflammatory disease
2013Co-Authors: Adeyemi O Adedeji, Esperanza Gomezlucia, Bradd C Barr, Brian G MurphyAbstract:Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus (CAEV) is a lentivirus that infects both goats and sheep and is closely related to maedi-visna virus that infects sheep; collectively, these viruses are known as small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV). Infection of goats and sheep with SRLV typically results in discrete inflammatory diseases which include Arthritis, mastitis, pneumonia or encephalomyelitis. SRLV-infected animals concurrently demonstrating lentivirus-associated lesions in tissues of lung, mammary gland, joint synovium and the central nervous system are either very rare or have not been reported. Here we describe a novel CAEV promoter isolated from a sheep with multisystemic lentivirus-associated inflammatory disease including interstitial pneumonia, mastitis, polyArthritis and leukomyelitis. A single, novel SRLV promoter was cloned and sequenced from five different anatomical locations (brain stem, spinal cord, lung, mammary gland and carpal joint synovium), all of which demonstrated lesions characteristic of lentivirus associated inflammation. This SRLV promoter isolate was found to be closely related to CAEV promoters isolated from goats in northern California and other parts of the world. The promoter was denoted CAEV-ovine-MS (multisystemic disease); the stability of the transcription factor binding sites within the U3 promoter sequence are discussed.
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diversity of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus promoters isolated from goat milk and passaged in vitro
2013Co-Authors: Esperanza Gomezlucia, Joan D Rowe, Carol Collar, Brian G MurphyAbstract:Abstract Transcriptional regulation in retroviruses resides in the U3 region of the proviral long terminal repeat (LTR). Transcription binding sites (TBS) in the U3 region of proviral sequences derived from the milk of 17 goats infected with Caprine Arthritis–Encephalitis virus (CAEV) were analysed by nested PCR and sequencing. U3 sequences shared a high degree of homology (86–99%) and were closely related to isolates previously ascribed to small ruminant lentivirus subtype B1. Multiple putative AP-1, AP-4, Ets-1, Stat-1 and TATA binding protein (TBP) sites were highly conserved (>85% of isolates), as were single AML(vis), GAS, IRF-1, NFAT and TAS sites. A 10 nucleotide insertion of undetermined relevance was identified in the U3 region of two isolates. To study the stability of TBS within the CAEV U3 region through in vitro passage, milk-derived isolates of CAEV from three infected dams were cultured in goat synovial membrane (GSM) cells; in one isolate the viral U3 region was completely stable during in vitro passage, in a second isolate the viral U3 region accumulated multiple deletions, single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions, while a third isolate had an intermediate degree of promoter stability. Promoter mutations arising during in vitro passage did not affect most of the conserved putative TBS identified in CAEV.
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Tissue tropism and promoter sequence variation in Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus infected goats.
2010Co-Authors: Brian G Murphy, V. Mcelliott, Natalia Vapniarsky, A. Oliver, Joan D RoweAbstract:Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus is a lentivirus that infects goats and is closely related to maedi-visna virus of sheep. Infection with CAEV results in multiple discrete disease manifestations in goats which can include chronic Arthritis, mastitis, pneumonia or encephalomyelitis. Presently, no satisfactory mechanistic rationale for viral tropism has been put forward. We propose that specific sequences in the lentiviral promoter (U3 region of the viral long terminal repeat) are associated with viral tissue tropism and subsequent disease expression. A total of 41 distinct CAE viral promoter regions were amplified, sequenced and phylogenetically compared from the tissues of 24 CAEV-infected goats demonstrating a variety of disease manifestations. Phylogenetically, we identified no tendency for clustering of these promoter sequences into tissue-specific groups. These results therefore do not provide evidence for the study hypothesis. However, multiple motifs within the U3 promoter region were highly conserved both within the entire collection of sequences and within tissue-specific groups.
