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Samson Agboola - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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can the use of australian Cardoon cynara cardunculus l coagulant overcome the quality problems associated with cheese made from ultrafiltered milk
Lwt - Food Science and Technology, 2009Co-Authors: Samson Agboola, Jian Zhao, Hwa H Chan, Ata RehmanAbstract:Abstract Concentrated cow's milk, obtained by either limited ultrafiltration to arrive at a concentration factor of 1.4× (UF) or by mixing 4× UF milk with regular milk (MX) was used to manufacture cheeses coagulated with calf rennet or aqueous extract from Cynara cardunculus L. (Cardoon). The manufactured cheeses were tested and compared with those made from regular milk for chemical and sensory properties, yield, textural and biochemical indices over a 60-day ripening period. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the chemical properties with the type of coagulant but in general, a lower yield and greater bitterness were observed in the cheeses made using Cardoon, while ultrafiltration led to reduced casein hydrolysis, less bitterness and harder, more crumbly cheeses irrespective of coagulant type. The MX process was successful in reducing the textural problems which occurred in cheese made with UF milk alone. The ultrafiltration process itself was apparently detrimental to the textural quality of cheeses, rather than the associated increase in concentration.
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characterisation of milk clotting properties of australian Cardoon cynara cardunculus l extracts and comparison with commercial coagulants on different substrates
Milchwissenschaft-milk Science International, 2004Co-Authors: Jian Zhao, Shaojiang Chen, Samson AgboolaAbstract:Milk clotting properties of crude and partially purified extracts from flowers of Australian Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) were determined in full fat and skim milk obtained from ovine and bovine sources using a gelograph instrument. Properties including rennet clotting time (RCT), curd firming rate (CFR) and curd firmness were measured. Results showed that extracts from fresh flowers had better properties than those from dry flowers and partial purification with ammonium sulphate improved clotting ability of the water extract but not the citric acid extract. The milk clotting properties of partially purified water extract from fresh flowers were also compared to those of chymosin and commercially available microbial coagulant. With similar clotting times in all coagulant preparations, Cardoon extract gave higher CFR than either chymosin or microbial coagulant in both bovine and ovine milk under the conditions of this study. However, the curd firmness was in the order of chymosin = Cardoon > microbial coagulant in both milk systems. Ovine milk had shorter RCT, higher CFR and formed firmer curds than bovine milk irrespective of the extract or coagulant used, while the presence of fat lengthened the RCT and reduced the CFR and curd firmness.
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use of australian Cardoon extract in the manufacture of ovine milk cheese a comparison with commercial rennet preparations
International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Shaojiang Chen, Samson Agboola, Jian ZhaoAbstract:Summary Aqueous extract of Australian Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) flowers was used to produce Pecorino cheese from ovine milk and the chemical, biochemical and sensory properties of the cheese were compared with cheeses made using two commercial (calf and microbial) rennet preparations. The cheeses contained 49.8–54.6% moisture, 28.2–31.2% fat, 2.1–2.3% NaCl and 2.6–3.1% total nitrogen. Very few differences in chemical composition were observed between cheeses manufactured with the three different coagulants. Biochemically, however, cheese manufactured with Cardoon extract contained significantly (P < 0.05) higher levels of water-soluble nitrogen but lower levels of phosphotungstic acid soluble nitrogen, while the levels of trichloroacetic acid soluble nitrogen were similar among the three types of cheese. Compared with cheeses made with commercial rennet preparations, cheese made with Cardoon extract was perceived to be softer, creamier and less bitter, and was rated significantly (P < 0.05) higher in overall liking by both trained and consumer panels.
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Use of Australian Cardoon extract in the manufacture of ovine milk cheese: a comparison with commercial rennet preparations
International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Shaojiang Chen, Samson Agboola, Jian ZhaoAbstract:Summary Aqueous extract of Australian Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) flowers was used to produce Pecorino cheese from ovine milk and the chemical, biochemical and sensory properties of the cheese were compared with cheeses made using two commercial (calf and microbial) rennet preparations. The cheeses contained 49.8–54.6% moisture, 28.2–31.2% fat, 2.1–2.3% NaCl and 2.6–3.1% total nitrogen. Very few differences in chemical composition were observed between cheeses manufactured with the three different coagulants. Biochemically, however, cheese manufactured with Cardoon extract contained significantly (P
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isolation and partial characterization of rennet like proteases from australian Cardoon cynara cardunculus l
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Shaojiang Chen, Jian Zhao, Samson AgboolaAbstract:The yield, protein content, proteolytic activity, and substrate specificity of crude and partially purified extracts from dried and fresh Australian Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) flowers were determined. Crude water extracts had high yield but low protein content and proteolytic activity, whereas citric acid extracts had low yield but high protein content and proteolytic activity. Fresh flower extracts gave higher yield and proteolytic activity but lower protein content in comparison with dried flower extracts. Purification with ammonium sulfate resulted in significantly increased proteolytic activity for water extracts from both fresh and dried Cardoon flowers, whereas the proteolytic activity of citric acid extracts did not change significantly after purification. Irrespective of extraction method, all extracts had higher proteolytic activity against ovine whole and κ-caseins compared to their bovine counterparts, showing optimal activity at 37 °C and pH 6.0. Separation of purified extracts by ion-exc...
Ga Sonnante - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genotyping by sequencing highlights patterns of genetic structure and domestication in artichoke and Cardoon
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Stefano Pavan, Pasquale Luca Curci, Diana L Zuluaga, Emanuela Blanco, Ga SonnanteAbstract:Exploiting the biodiversity of crops and their wild relatives is fundamental for maintaining and increasing food security. The species Cynara cardunculus includes three taxa: the globe artichoke, one of the most important Mediterranean vegetables, the leafy Cardoon, and the wild Cardoon. In this study, genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was successfully applied to reveal thousands of polymorphisms in a C. cardunculus germplasm collection, including 65 globe artichoke, 9 leafy Cardoon, and 21 wild Cardoon samples. The collection showed a strong population structure at K = 2, separating the globe artichoke from the leafy and wild Cardoon. At higher K values, further substructures were observed, in which the wild Cardoon was separated from the leafy Cardoon, and the latter included the Spanish wild Cardoons, while the wild sample from Portugal was admixed. Moreover, subpopulations within the globe artichoke set were highlighted. Structure analysis restricted to the globe artichoke dataset pointed out genetic differentiation between the ˝Catanesi˝ typology and all the other samples (K = 2). At higher values of K, the separation of the ˝Catanesi˝ group still held true, and green headed landraces from Apulia region, Italy (˝Green Apulian˝) formed a distinct subpopulation. ˝Romaneschi˝ artichoke types fell in a variable group with admixed samples, indicating that they should not be considered as a genetically uniform typology. The results of principal component analysis and Neighbor-Joining hierarchical clustering were consistent with structure results, and in addition provided a measure of genetic relationships among individual genotypes. Both analyses attributed the wild material from Spain and Portugal to the cultivated Cardoon group, supporting the idea that this might be indeed a feral form of the leafy Cardoon. Different reproductive habit and possibly selective pressure led to a slower LD decay in artichoke compared to Cardoon. Genotyping by sequencing has proven a reliable methodology to obtain valuable SNPs and assess population genetics in C. cardunculus.
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population structure of cynara cardunculus complex and the origin of the conspecific crops artichoke and Cardoon
Annals of Botany, 2013Co-Authors: Angela Gatto, Domenico De Paola, Francesca Bagnoli, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Ga SonnanteAbstract:BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Globe artichoke and leafy Cardoon, two crops within the same species Cynara cardunculus, are traditionally cultivated in the Mediterranean region and play a significant role in the agricultural economy of this area. The two cultigens have different reproductive systems: artichoke is generally vegetatively propagated, while leafy Cardoon is seed propagated. The domestication events underlying the origin of both artichoke and cultivated Cardoon from their wild relative and the area of occurrence are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate population structure in wild Cardoon, globe artichoke and leafy Cardoon material and infer domestication events. METHODS: Thirty-five microsatellite (simple sequence repeat) markers, distributed in the C. cardunculus genome, and a large geographical and numerical sampling in southern Europe and North Africa were used to assess population structure and diversity. KEY RESULTS: The results suggest the presence of two distinct domestication events for artichoke and leafy Cardoon, and also suggest a new possible scenario, with western wild Cardoon having originated from cultivated Cardoon escaped from cultivation. Evidence was found for a demographic bottleneck in the past history of globe artichoke. CONCLUSIONS: The results shed new light on the relationships between the three taxa of C. cardunculus and highlight relevant aspects on the evolution of domestication of two crops with a different reproductive system within the same species. It is proposed that the probable centre of origin of artichoke is located in southern Italy, probably Sicily.
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Population structure of Cynara cardunculus complex and the origin of the conspecific crops artichoke and Cardoon.
Annals of Botany, 2013Co-Authors: Angela Gatto, Domenico De Paola, Francesca Bagnoli, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Ga SonnanteAbstract:Background and Aims Globe artichoke and leafy Cardoon, two crops within the same species Cynara cardunculus, are traditionally cultivated in the Mediterranean region and play a significant role in the agricultural economy of this area. The two cultigens have different reproductive systems: artichoke is generally vegetatively propagated, while leafy Cardoon is seed propagated. The domestication events underlying the origin of both artichoke and cultivated Cardoon from their wild relative and the area of occurrence are not yet fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate population structure in wild Cardoon, globe artichoke and leafy Cardoon material and infer domestication events.
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analysis of molecular genetic diversity of Cardoon cynara cardunculus l in tunisia
Comptes Rendus Biologies, 2012Co-Authors: Soumaya Khaldi, Ga Sonnante, Mohamed El GazzahAbstract:The objective of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity, the relationships among six Tunisian wild Cardoon populations (Cynara cardunculus var. sylvestris) and a Tunisian's population of cultivated Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis DC) in seven different geographical locations (Tiurif, Bahra, Zriba, Bouficha, Enfidha, Beja and Wad mliz) from semi-arid and wet regions of Tunisia. Twenty-three selected microsatellite markers are used for a sample of 98 Cardoon genotypes. The total of 243 alleles is detected in the studied populations and the number of alleles per locus ranged from six to 23. The dendrogram based on Nei's (1972) UPGMA method divides the seven studied populations to five clusters. These preliminary results show that microsatellites are effective tools for plant species characterization and the analysed populations have a high genetic variability and will be suitable as genetic stocks for conservation and sustainable utilization programs of Cynara cardunculus L. in Tunisia.
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the evolution of cynara diversity and domestication of artichoke and Cardoon
Acta Horticulturae, 2012Co-Authors: Ga Sonnante, Anita Morgese, Domenico PignoneAbstract:The genus Cynara is of Mediterranean origin and includes eight species. Most of the wild Cynara spp. have an eastwards or westwards geographical distribution within the Mediterranean basin. Even the progenitor of artichoke, C. cardunculus var. sylvestris, which is reported to range from Cyprus to Spain, is actually present as two different types: the eastern and western ones. The analysis of ancient literature, historical, linguistic and artistic records, consistently with genetic and biosystematic data, indicate that the domestication of artichoke and Cardoon diverged in time and space. In this contribution we examine historical and artistic records, together with recent literature in genetics and biosystematics, and data obtained from DNA markers, for a better understanding on the domestication of artichoke and Cardoon. An analysis of Cynara species at microsatellite polymorphic loci, revealed that some allele combinations are able to identify artichoke varietal types, and others are unique to specific taxonomic groups. Wild Cardoons from the Eastern Mediterranean are more closely related to artichoke and less to cultivated Cardoon in comparison to wild Cardoons from the Western Mediterranean. Besides, the genetic distance between the two wild Cardoon genepools is quite high. Molecular analysis of microsatellite alleles revealed that the presence of point mutations and insertion/deletions is rather abundant, especially comparing C. cardunculus to the other Cynara species. Moreover, some SNPs are able to distinguish artichoke on one side, and cultivated and wild Cardoon on the other, while other SNPs are related to the geographic distribution of Cynara wild species. The usefulness of this kind of markers in the study of evolution, domestication and diversity of artichoke is discussed.
Ulderico Neri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biomass partition and productive aptitude of wild and cultivated Cardoon genotypes cynara cardunculus l in a marginal land of central italy
Industrial Crops and Products, 2017Co-Authors: Ulderico Neri, Bruno Pennelli, Giampiero Simonetti, Rosa FrancavigliaAbstract:Abstract A very limited number of field studies have addressed the suitability of Cynara cardunculus L. genotypes to local environmental conditions in terms of productive aptitude. Four genotypes of Cardoon, under low input conditions (reduced nitrogen fertilization and rainfed conditions) were compared in a marginal land of Central Italy during the 2012–2014 period: two cultivated (CDL07 and Gigante) and two wild Cardoon genotypes (RCT10 and Tolfa). At the ripening stage of capitula, all plant components were weighed separately, yields were calculated, and biometric traits were measured. Genotypes showed different productive aptitudes and suitability to the pedo-climatic conditions of growth. The total aboveground dry biomass per plant ranged between 114.4 and 353.6 g with variable values within genotypes and years, whereas the partition of the aboveground biomass was strongly affected by genotypes only. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a general prevalent influence of the genotype factor on crop yields. Capitula components were of greatest importance in cultivated Cardoons, but strongly affected by the annual climatic trends. The maximum achenes yield was in 2012 with 3.2 t ha−1 as a mean of the cultivated Cardoons, whereas the wild genotype Tolfa reached a mean production of 2.1 t ha−1. In general the wild genotype RCT10 demonstrated a poor adaptability to the conditions of the experimental site. On the other hand, wild genotype Tolfa might be incorporated into the local cropping systems as an industrial or bioenergy crop, due the low management inputs required, its adaptability to the local conditions, and the fairy good aboveground biomass and achenes production.
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yields and quality of cynara cardunculus l wild and cultivated Cardoon genotypes a case study from a marginal land in central italy
European Journal of Agronomy, 2016Co-Authors: Rosa Francaviglia, Annarita Bruno, Margherita Falcucci, Roberta Farina, Gianluca Renzi, Donatella Esterina Russo, L Sepe, Ulderico NeriAbstract:Abstract Cardoon yields and quality under low input conditions (reduced nitrogen fertilization and rainfed conditions) in a marginal land of Central Italy are presented. During 2011–2013, two cultivated and two wild Cardoons were compared for the lignocellulosic biomass production, grain yield, and their chemical composition. The results showed a 3-year average aboveground biomass and grain yield in the range 8–18 and 1.2–2.8 t ha −1 dry matter respectively, significantly higher in the cultivated genotypes. The grain lipid contents were not significantly different as average, but the wild genotype Tolfa achieved the highest content (20.3%) in the last year of research. Average oil yields were 0.45 and 0.23 t ha −1 in cultivated and wild genotypes respectively. ANOVA showed a general prevalent influence of the genotype factor (G) on crop yields, and grain lipid and protein contents; on the other hand, the nitrogen factor (N) never showed significant effects on the different parameters. The chemical composition of the lignocellulosic biomass showed slight differences among the genotypes, but not always significant. Cardoon cultivation improved soil fertility parameters, even if differences were not always statistically different. Considering the results, dedicated production chains could be implemented in many Italian Regions taking advantage also from the availability of wild Cardoon genotypes. The production costs and revenues analysis of Cardoon in comparison with other herbaceous annual crops, demonstrated the low cultivation costs per hectare, the higher total revenues deriving from the yield outcomes, and its suitability for the inclusion in arable cropping systems in marginal lands.
Rosa Francaviglia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biomass partition and productive aptitude of wild and cultivated Cardoon genotypes cynara cardunculus l in a marginal land of central italy
Industrial Crops and Products, 2017Co-Authors: Ulderico Neri, Bruno Pennelli, Giampiero Simonetti, Rosa FrancavigliaAbstract:Abstract A very limited number of field studies have addressed the suitability of Cynara cardunculus L. genotypes to local environmental conditions in terms of productive aptitude. Four genotypes of Cardoon, under low input conditions (reduced nitrogen fertilization and rainfed conditions) were compared in a marginal land of Central Italy during the 2012–2014 period: two cultivated (CDL07 and Gigante) and two wild Cardoon genotypes (RCT10 and Tolfa). At the ripening stage of capitula, all plant components were weighed separately, yields were calculated, and biometric traits were measured. Genotypes showed different productive aptitudes and suitability to the pedo-climatic conditions of growth. The total aboveground dry biomass per plant ranged between 114.4 and 353.6 g with variable values within genotypes and years, whereas the partition of the aboveground biomass was strongly affected by genotypes only. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a general prevalent influence of the genotype factor on crop yields. Capitula components were of greatest importance in cultivated Cardoons, but strongly affected by the annual climatic trends. The maximum achenes yield was in 2012 with 3.2 t ha−1 as a mean of the cultivated Cardoons, whereas the wild genotype Tolfa reached a mean production of 2.1 t ha−1. In general the wild genotype RCT10 demonstrated a poor adaptability to the conditions of the experimental site. On the other hand, wild genotype Tolfa might be incorporated into the local cropping systems as an industrial or bioenergy crop, due the low management inputs required, its adaptability to the local conditions, and the fairy good aboveground biomass and achenes production.
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yields and quality of cynara cardunculus l wild and cultivated Cardoon genotypes a case study from a marginal land in central italy
European Journal of Agronomy, 2016Co-Authors: Rosa Francaviglia, Annarita Bruno, Margherita Falcucci, Roberta Farina, Gianluca Renzi, Donatella Esterina Russo, L Sepe, Ulderico NeriAbstract:Abstract Cardoon yields and quality under low input conditions (reduced nitrogen fertilization and rainfed conditions) in a marginal land of Central Italy are presented. During 2011–2013, two cultivated and two wild Cardoons were compared for the lignocellulosic biomass production, grain yield, and their chemical composition. The results showed a 3-year average aboveground biomass and grain yield in the range 8–18 and 1.2–2.8 t ha −1 dry matter respectively, significantly higher in the cultivated genotypes. The grain lipid contents were not significantly different as average, but the wild genotype Tolfa achieved the highest content (20.3%) in the last year of research. Average oil yields were 0.45 and 0.23 t ha −1 in cultivated and wild genotypes respectively. ANOVA showed a general prevalent influence of the genotype factor (G) on crop yields, and grain lipid and protein contents; on the other hand, the nitrogen factor (N) never showed significant effects on the different parameters. The chemical composition of the lignocellulosic biomass showed slight differences among the genotypes, but not always significant. Cardoon cultivation improved soil fertility parameters, even if differences were not always statistically different. Considering the results, dedicated production chains could be implemented in many Italian Regions taking advantage also from the availability of wild Cardoon genotypes. The production costs and revenues analysis of Cardoon in comparison with other herbaceous annual crops, demonstrated the low cultivation costs per hectare, the higher total revenues deriving from the yield outcomes, and its suitability for the inclusion in arable cropping systems in marginal lands.
Anastasia Zabaniotou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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thermal degradation studies and kinetic modeling of Cardoon cynara cardunculus pyrolysis using thermogravimetric analysis tga
Bioresource Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Th Damartzis, D. Vamvuka, S. Sfakiotakis, Anastasia ZabaniotouAbstract:A key element in the design of sustainable pyrolysis processes is the thermal degradation kinetics of biomass. In this work, pyrolysis tests for Cardoon (Cynara carduculus) stems and leaves were performed in a non-isothermal thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) in order to determine the thermal degradation behavior of both stems and leaves. The kinetic parameters of the process were evaluated using three different kinetic models, the independent parallel reaction model, KAS and OFW iso-conversional model. Good agreement with the experimental TGA data was observed for all models, the best being with the independent parallel reaction model. A variance in the activation energy with conversion was observed when the KAS and OFW models were employed, which reveals that the pyrolysis of Cardoon progresses through more complex and multi-step kinetics.
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Thermal degradation studies and kinetic modeling of Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) pyrolysis using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
Bioresource Technology, 2011Co-Authors: Th Damartzis, D. Vamvuka, S. Sfakiotakis, Anastasia ZabaniotouAbstract:A key element in the design of sustainable pyrolysis processes is the thermal degradation kinetics of biomass. In this work, pyrolysis tests for Cardoon (Cynara carduculus) stems and leaves were performed in a non-isothermal thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) in order to determine the thermal degradation behavior of both stems and leaves. The kinetic parameters of the process were evaluated using three different kinetic models, the independent parallel reaction model, KAS and OFW iso-conversional model. Good agreement with the experimental TGA data was observed for all models, the best being with the independent parallel reaction model. A variance in the activation energy with conversion was observed when the KAS and OFW models were employed, which reveals that the pyrolysis of Cardoon progresses through more complex and multi-step kinetics. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.