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Li Luo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • early surveillance and public health emergency responses between novel coronavirus disease 2019 and avian influenza in china a Case Comparison study
    Frontiers in Public Health, 2021
    Co-Authors: Tiantian Zhang, Qian Wang, Ying Wang, Ge Bai, Ruiming Dai, Li Luo
    Abstract:

    Background: Since the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been a worldwide pandemic, the early surveillance and public health emergency disposal are considered crucial to curb this emerging infectious disease. However, studies of COVID-19 on this topic in China are relatively few. Methods: A Case-Comparison study was conducted using a set of six key time nodes to form a reference framework for evaluating early surveillance and public health emergency disposal between H7N9 avian influenza (2013) in Shanghai and COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Findings: A report to the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China, for the first hospitalized patient was sent after 6 and 20 days for H7N9 avian influenza and COVID-19, respectively. In contrast, the pathogen was identified faster in the Case of COVID-19 than in the Case of H7N9 avian influenza (12 vs. 31 days). The government response to COVID-19 was 10 days later than that to avian influenza. The entire process of early surveillance and public health emergency disposal lasted 5 days longer in COVID-19 than in H7N9 avian influenza (46 vs. 41 days). Conclusions: The identification of the unknown pathogen improved in China between the outbreaks of avian influenza and COVID-19. The longer emergency disposal period in the Case of COVID-19 could be attributed to the government's slower response to the epidemic. Improving public health emergency management could lessen the adverse social effects of emerging infectious diseases and public health crisis in the future.

  • early surveillance and public health emergency disposal measures between novel coronavirus disease 2019 and avian influenza in china a Case Comparison study
    medRxiv, 2020
    Co-Authors: Tiantian Zhang, Qian Wang, Ying Wang, Ge Bai, Ruiming Dai, Wenming Shi, Li Luo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is spreading rapidly throughout China and the world. Hence, early surveillance and public health emergency disposal are considered crucial to curb this emerging infectious disease. However, studies that investigated the early surveillance and public health emergency disposal for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 outbreak in China are relatively few. We aimed to compare the strengths and weaknesses of early surveillance and public health emergency disposal for prevention and control between COVID-19 and H7N9 avian influenza, which was commended by the international community, in China. Methods A Case-Comparison study was conducted using a set of six key time nodes to form a reference framework for evaluating early surveillance and public health emergency disposal between H7N9 avian influenza (2013) in Shanghai, China and COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Findings A report to the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China, for the first hospitalized patient was sent after 6 and 20 days for H7N9 avian influenza and COVID-19, respectively. In contrast, the pathogen was identified faster in the Case of COVID-19 than in the Case of H7N9 avian influenza (12 days vs. 31 days). The government response regarding COVID-19 was 10 days later than that regarding avian influenza. The entire process of early surveillance and public health emergency disposal lasted 5 days longer in COVID-19 than in H7N9 avian influenza (46 days vs. 41 days). Conclusions The identification of the unknown pathogen improved in China between the outbreaks of avian influenza and COVID-19. The longer emergency disposal period in the Case of COVID-19 could be attributed to the government’s slower response to the epidemic. Improving public health emergency management could lessen the adverse social effects of emerging infectious diseases and public health crisis in the future.

  • early surveillance and public health emergency disposal measures between novel coronavirus disease 2019 and avian influenza in china a Case Comparison study
    Social Science Research Network, 2020
    Co-Authors: Tiantian Zhang, Qian Wang, Ying Wang, Ge Bai, Ruiming Dai, Li Luo
    Abstract:

    Background: Since the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city and then rapidly spread throughout china, the practices of the government’s emergency response and management of medical system to prevent the COVID-19 was vitally crucial. However, the studies about China's emergency management of COVID-19 prevention and control were scarce. We aimed to explore the government’s emergency response practices to COVID-19 prevention by comparing with H7N9 avian influenza (H7N9) in China. Methods: A qualitative comparative study was conducted in the study, by using a set of 6 key time nodes selected from international literature to form a frame of reference for the comparative analysis of the emergency response to H7N9 (2013) in Shanghai and COVID-19 (Wuhan city) prevention and control in China. Findings: 1) The hospital reporting speed--the first Case report to the local CDC, for H7N9(2013) in Shanghai and COVID-19 in Wuhan city was 6 and 19 days, respectively. 2). The pathogen inspection speed-- the period from Case reporting to technically confirming and re-checking pathogens, for COVID-19 was much quicker than that in H7N9(2013) in Shanghai (12days vs. 31days). 3). The government responding speed --from re-checking pathogens to the local government’s emergency response, for H7N9 (2013) in Shanghai and COVID-19 in Wuhan was 4 and 15 days, respectively. 4) The total emergency disposal time of local government was 5 days longer in COVID-19 in Wuhan city than H7N9 avian influenza (2013) in Shanghai (46 days vs. 41 days).InterpretationFrom H7N9 to COVID-19, the speed of detecting unknown pathogens greatly improved in China, whereas the hospital reporting of epidemics and decision-making by government of Hubei province was significantly slow, which might be an important influential factor of the outbreak of COVID-19. Improving the emergency management could lessen the adverse social effects of the emerging infectious disease and public health crisis in the future. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.71874033) and Key project of Philosophy and Social Science Research of the Ministry of Education (Grant No. 15JZD029). Competing Interest: The authors declare no competing financial interest. Ethical Approval: Not applicable.

Tiantian Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • early surveillance and public health emergency responses between novel coronavirus disease 2019 and avian influenza in china a Case Comparison study
    Frontiers in Public Health, 2021
    Co-Authors: Tiantian Zhang, Qian Wang, Ying Wang, Ge Bai, Ruiming Dai, Li Luo
    Abstract:

    Background: Since the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been a worldwide pandemic, the early surveillance and public health emergency disposal are considered crucial to curb this emerging infectious disease. However, studies of COVID-19 on this topic in China are relatively few. Methods: A Case-Comparison study was conducted using a set of six key time nodes to form a reference framework for evaluating early surveillance and public health emergency disposal between H7N9 avian influenza (2013) in Shanghai and COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Findings: A report to the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China, for the first hospitalized patient was sent after 6 and 20 days for H7N9 avian influenza and COVID-19, respectively. In contrast, the pathogen was identified faster in the Case of COVID-19 than in the Case of H7N9 avian influenza (12 vs. 31 days). The government response to COVID-19 was 10 days later than that to avian influenza. The entire process of early surveillance and public health emergency disposal lasted 5 days longer in COVID-19 than in H7N9 avian influenza (46 vs. 41 days). Conclusions: The identification of the unknown pathogen improved in China between the outbreaks of avian influenza and COVID-19. The longer emergency disposal period in the Case of COVID-19 could be attributed to the government's slower response to the epidemic. Improving public health emergency management could lessen the adverse social effects of emerging infectious diseases and public health crisis in the future.

  • early surveillance and public health emergency disposal measures between novel coronavirus disease 2019 and avian influenza in china a Case Comparison study
    medRxiv, 2020
    Co-Authors: Tiantian Zhang, Qian Wang, Ying Wang, Ge Bai, Ruiming Dai, Wenming Shi, Li Luo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is spreading rapidly throughout China and the world. Hence, early surveillance and public health emergency disposal are considered crucial to curb this emerging infectious disease. However, studies that investigated the early surveillance and public health emergency disposal for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 outbreak in China are relatively few. We aimed to compare the strengths and weaknesses of early surveillance and public health emergency disposal for prevention and control between COVID-19 and H7N9 avian influenza, which was commended by the international community, in China. Methods A Case-Comparison study was conducted using a set of six key time nodes to form a reference framework for evaluating early surveillance and public health emergency disposal between H7N9 avian influenza (2013) in Shanghai, China and COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Findings A report to the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China, for the first hospitalized patient was sent after 6 and 20 days for H7N9 avian influenza and COVID-19, respectively. In contrast, the pathogen was identified faster in the Case of COVID-19 than in the Case of H7N9 avian influenza (12 days vs. 31 days). The government response regarding COVID-19 was 10 days later than that regarding avian influenza. The entire process of early surveillance and public health emergency disposal lasted 5 days longer in COVID-19 than in H7N9 avian influenza (46 days vs. 41 days). Conclusions The identification of the unknown pathogen improved in China between the outbreaks of avian influenza and COVID-19. The longer emergency disposal period in the Case of COVID-19 could be attributed to the government’s slower response to the epidemic. Improving public health emergency management could lessen the adverse social effects of emerging infectious diseases and public health crisis in the future.

  • early surveillance and public health emergency disposal measures between novel coronavirus disease 2019 and avian influenza in china a Case Comparison study
    Social Science Research Network, 2020
    Co-Authors: Tiantian Zhang, Qian Wang, Ying Wang, Ge Bai, Ruiming Dai, Li Luo
    Abstract:

    Background: Since the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city and then rapidly spread throughout china, the practices of the government’s emergency response and management of medical system to prevent the COVID-19 was vitally crucial. However, the studies about China's emergency management of COVID-19 prevention and control were scarce. We aimed to explore the government’s emergency response practices to COVID-19 prevention by comparing with H7N9 avian influenza (H7N9) in China. Methods: A qualitative comparative study was conducted in the study, by using a set of 6 key time nodes selected from international literature to form a frame of reference for the comparative analysis of the emergency response to H7N9 (2013) in Shanghai and COVID-19 (Wuhan city) prevention and control in China. Findings: 1) The hospital reporting speed--the first Case report to the local CDC, for H7N9(2013) in Shanghai and COVID-19 in Wuhan city was 6 and 19 days, respectively. 2). The pathogen inspection speed-- the period from Case reporting to technically confirming and re-checking pathogens, for COVID-19 was much quicker than that in H7N9(2013) in Shanghai (12days vs. 31days). 3). The government responding speed --from re-checking pathogens to the local government’s emergency response, for H7N9 (2013) in Shanghai and COVID-19 in Wuhan was 4 and 15 days, respectively. 4) The total emergency disposal time of local government was 5 days longer in COVID-19 in Wuhan city than H7N9 avian influenza (2013) in Shanghai (46 days vs. 41 days).InterpretationFrom H7N9 to COVID-19, the speed of detecting unknown pathogens greatly improved in China, whereas the hospital reporting of epidemics and decision-making by government of Hubei province was significantly slow, which might be an important influential factor of the outbreak of COVID-19. Improving the emergency management could lessen the adverse social effects of the emerging infectious disease and public health crisis in the future. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.71874033) and Key project of Philosophy and Social Science Research of the Ministry of Education (Grant No. 15JZD029). Competing Interest: The authors declare no competing financial interest. Ethical Approval: Not applicable.

Karin Osvaldsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Jane Green - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Comparison of risk factors for invasive squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix collaborative reanalysis of individual data on 8 097 women with squamous cell carcinoma and 1 374 women with adenocarcinoma from 12 epidemiological studies
    International Journal of Cancer, 2007
    Co-Authors: Amy Berrington De Gonzalez, Jane Green
    Abstract:

    Squamous cell carcinomas account for about 80% of cancers of the uterine cervix, and the majority of the remainder are adenocarcinomas. There is limited evidence on the extent to which these histological types share a common etiology. The International Collaboration of Epidemiological Studies of Cervical Cancer has brought together and combined individual data on 8,097 women with invasive squamous cell carcinoma, 1,374 women with invasive adenocarcinoma and 26,445 women without cervical cancer (controls) from 12 epidemiological studies. Compared to controls, the relative risk of each histological type of invasive cervical cancer was increased with increasing number of sexual partners, younger age at first intercourse, increasing parity, younger age at first full-term pregnancy and increasing duration of oral contraceptive use. Current smoking was associated with a significantly increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma (RR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.35-1.66) but not of adenocarcinoma (RR = 0.86 (0.70-1.05)), and the difference between the two histological types was statistically significant (Case-Case Comparison p < 0.001). A history of screening (assessed as having had at least one previous nondiagnostic cervical smear) was associated with a reduced risk of both histological types, but the reduction was significantly greater for squamous cell carcinoma than for adenocarcinoma (RR = 0.46 (0.42-0.50) and 0.68 (0.56-0.82), respectively; Case-Case Comparison, p = 0.002). A positive test for cervical high-risk HPV-DNA was a strong risk factor for each histological type, with 74% of squamous cell carcinomas and 78% of adenocarcinomas testing positive for HPV types 16 or 18. Squamous cell and adenocarcinoma of the cervix share most risk factors, with the exception of smoking.

William Ocasio - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • not all events are attended equally toward a middle range theory of industry attention to external events
    Organization Science, 2001
    Co-Authors: Andrew J. Hoffman, William Ocasio
    Abstract:

    This paper builds on prior theory and research on attention and identity to examine whether and how industries publicly attend to external events. Events are critical triggers of institutional transformation and industry evolution. However, they must first become the focus of public attention to have this effect. We draw on a paired Case Comparison of media coverage of eight nonroutine events affecting the natural environment and the U.S. chemical industry. We employ both deductive and inductive analysis to develop a model and hypotheses to explain two research questions. First, what determines the initial public attention to an event? Second, when and why do certain events attain high and sustained levels of industry attention? A key inference is that whether an event receives industry-level attention depends on either outsiders holding the industry accountable for the event, or insiders' internal concerns with the industry image. We further infer that an event can be transformed into a critical issue for an industry, warranting sustained attention, if there is contestation with outsiders over the accountability for the event and its enactment, and internal contradictions and challenges to the industry's identity.

  • Not All Events are Attended Equally: Toward a Middle-Range Theory of Industry Attention to External Events
    SSRN Electronic Journal, 2001
    Co-Authors: Andrew J. Hoffman, William Ocasio
    Abstract:

    This paper builds on prior theory and research on attention and identity to examine whether and how industries publicly attend to external events. Events are critical triggers of institutional transformation and industry evolution. Yet, they must first become the focus of public attention to have this effect. We draw on a paired Case Comparison of media coverage of eight non-routine events affecting the natural environment and the U.S. chemical industry. We employ both deductive and inductive analysis to develop a model and hypotheses to explain two research questions. First, what determines the initial public attention to an event? Second, when and why do certain events attain high and sustained levels of industry attention? A key inference is that whether an event receives industry level attention depends on either outsiders holding the industry accountable for the event, or insiders’ internal concerns with the industry image. We further infer that an event can be transformed into a critical issue for an industry, warranting sustained attention, if there is contestation with outsiders over the accountability for the event and its enactment and internal contradictions and challenges to the industry’s identity.