The Experts below are selected from a list of 660372 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Paul Stoodley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of hydrodynamics and Cell Signaling on the structure and behavior of pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2002Co-Authors: B Purevdorj, J W Costerton, Paul StoodleyAbstract:Biofilms were grown from wild-type (WT) Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and the Cell Signaling lasI mutant PAO1-JP1 under laminar and turbulent flows to investigate the relative contributions of hydrodynamics and Cell Signaling for biofilm formation. Various biofilm morphological parameters were quantified using Image Structure Analyzer software. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that both Cell Signaling and hydrodynamics significantly (P < 0.000) influenced biofilm structure. In turbulent flow, both biofilms formed streamlined patches, which in some cases developed ripple-like wave structures which flowed downstream along the surface of the flow Cell. In laminar flow, both biofilms formed monolayers interspersed with small circular microcolonies. Ripple-like structures also formed in four out of six WT biofilms, although their velocity was approximately 10 times less than that of those that formed in the turbulent flow Cells. The movement of biofilm Cell clusters over solid surfaces may have important clinical implications for the dissemination of biofilm subject to fluid shear, such as that found in catheters. The ability of the Cell Signaling mutant to form biofilms in high shear flow demonstrates that Signaling mechanisms are not required for the formation of strongly adhered biofilms. Similarity between biofilm morphologies in WT and mutant biofilms suggests that the dilution of signal molecules by mass transfer effects in faster flowing systems mollifies the dramatic influence of signal molecules on biofilm structure reported in previous studies.
Barbara H Iglewski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cell to Cell Signaling and pseudomonas aeruginosa infections
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 1998Co-Authors: Van Delden C, Barbara H IglewskiAbstract:Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterium responsible for severe nosocomial infections, life-threatening infections in immunocompromised persons, and chronic infections in cystic fibrosis patients. The bacterium’s virulence depends on a large number of Cell-associated and extraCellular factors. Cell-to-Cell Signaling systems control the expression and allow a coordinated, Cell-density‐dependent production of many extraCellular virulence factors. We discuss the possible role of Cell-to-Cell Signaling in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa infections and present a rationale for targeting Cell-to-Cell Signaling systems in the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Sumio Iwai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nitrated cyclic gmp modulates guard Cell Signaling in arabidopsis
The Plant Cell, 2013Co-Authors: Takahiro Joudoi, Yudai Shichiri, Nobuto Kamizono, Naotaka Yamada, Jun Yoshitake, Takaaki Akaike, Tomohiro Sawa, Sumio IwaiAbstract:Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous Signaling molecule involved in diverse physiological processes, including plant senescence and stomatal closure. The NO and cyclic GMP (cGMP) cascade is the main NO Signaling pathway in animals, but whether this pathway operates in plant Cells, and the mechanisms of its action, remain unclear. Here, we assessed the possibility that the nitrated cGMP derivative 8-nitro-cGMP functions in guard Cell Signaling. Mass spectrometry and immunocytochemical analyses showed that abscisic acid and NO induced the synthesis of 8-nitro-cGMP in guard Cells in the presence of reactive oxygen species. 8-Nitro-cGMP triggered stomatal closure, but 8-bromoguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-bromo-cGMP), a membrane-permeating analog of cGMP, did not. However, in the dark, 8-bromo-cGMP induced stomatal opening but 8-nitro-cGMP did not. Thus, cGMP and its nitrated derivative play different roles in the Signaling pathways that lead to stomatal opening and closure. Moreover, inhibitor and genetic studies showed that calcium, cyclic adenosine-5′-diphosphate-ribose, and SLOW ANION CHANNEL1 act downstream of 8-nitro-cGMP. This study therefore demonstrates that 8-nitro-cGMP acts as a guard Cell Signaling molecule and that a NO/8-nitro-cGMP Signaling cascade operates in guard Cells.
Arthi Kanthasamy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chapter 54 – Cell Signaling Mechanisms in Developmental Neurotoxicity
Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, 2017Co-Authors: Chunjuan Song, Arthi KanthasamyAbstract:The major mechanisms in Cell Signaling cascades by which neurotoxicants alter neural Cell developmental processes during early life exposure are discussed in this chapter. It is important to note that many industrial chemicals, pesticides, and heavy metals are capable of inducing neurotoxicity in the human central nervous system (CNS), particularly in developing brains. Alterations in Cell Signaling pathways, perturbations of the genomic structure, and disruption of the communication process following exposure to neurotoxic compounds are known to cause transient or even permanent Cellular functional impairments and are expected to lead to Cell damage or Cell death. The Cell Signaling mechanisms associated with developmental neurotoxicology are not well understood. A detailed understanding of the intricate Cell Signaling pathways pertaining to developmental neurotoxicity will provide new opportunities for development of rationale-based therapeutic strategies to treat various developmental disorders associated with environmental neurotoxicant exposure.
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Cell Signaling Mechanisms in Developmental Neurotoxicity
Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology, 2011Co-Authors: Chunjuan Song, Arthi KanthasamyAbstract:Publisher Summary This chapter describes key Cell Signaling mechanisms by which neurotoxic chemicals inflict damage on or induce neurotoxicity to the developing nervous system. The major mechanisms in Cell Signaling cascades by which neurotoxicants alter neural Cell developmental processes during early life exposure are discussed in this chapter. It is important to note that many industrial chemicals, pesticides and heavy metals are capable of inducing neurotoxicity in the human central nervous system, particularly in developing brains. It also summarizes key Cell Signaling mechanisms by which neurotoxic chemicals inflict damage or induce neurotoxicity to the developing nervous system. A growing body of evidence suggests that exposure of developing neural Cells to neurotoxic chemicals leads to depolarization of Cell membranes, destruction of Cell architecture proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction and induction of oxidative stress, DNA damage and effects on DNA synthesis, lasting changes in gene expression, modification of key Signaling proteins in various pathways, epigenetic changes, and so on. Several industrial chemicals, including some metals (e.g., lead, methylmercury), polychlorinated biphenyls, arsenic and toluene, induce subclinical brain dysfunctions and neurodevelopmental disorders. Exposure to these chemicals during early fetal development can cause brain injury at doses much lower than doses that affect adult brain functions. It explains Cell Signaling mechanisms in developmental neurotoxicity. Glial Cells and neurons in the nervous system are post-mitotic Cells and are particularly sensitive to the ROS, which cause neuronal damage. It also covers impacts on DNA synthesis, gene expression deregulation, protein modification, epigenetic modifications, and Cell Signaling integration.
David Heber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pomegranate juice total pomegranate ellagitannins and punicalagin suppress inflammatory Cell Signaling in colon cancer Cells
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Lynn S Adams, Navindra P Seeram, Bharat B Aggarwal, Yasunari Takada, Daniel Sand, David HeberAbstract:Phytochemicals from fruits such as the pomegranate (Punica granatum L) may inhibit cancer Cell proliferation and apoptosis through the modulation of Cellular transcription factors and Signaling proteins. In previous studies, pomegranate juice (PJ) and its ellagitannins inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in HT-29 colon cancer Cells. The present study examined the effects of PJ on inflammatory Cell Signaling proteins in the HT-29 human colon cancer Cell line. At a concentration of 50 mg/L PJ significantly suppressed TNFalpha-induced COX-2 protein expression by 79% (SE = 0.042), total pomegranate tannin extract (TPT) 55% (SE = 0.049), and punicalagin 48% (SE = 0.022). Additionally, PJ reduced phosphorylation of the p65 subunit and binding to the NFkappaB response element 6.4-fold. TPT suppressed NFkappaB binding 10-fold, punicalagin 3.6-fold, whereas ellagic acid (EA) (another pomegranate polyphenol) was ineffective. PJ also abolished TNFalpha-induced AKT activation, needed for NFkappaB activity. Therefore, the polyphenolic phytochemicals in the pomegranate can play an important role in the modulation of inflammatory Cell Signaling in colon cancer Cells.