The Experts below are selected from a list of 264 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
S. A. Omar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wheat straw and Cellulolytic Fungi application increases nodulation, nodule efficiency and growth of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) grown in saline soil
Biology and Fertility of Soils, 1997Co-Authors: Mohamed Hemida Abd-alla, S. A. OmarAbstract:This study was performed to evaluate the ability of Cellulolytic Fungi and wheat straw incorporation to improve the nodulation, growth and nitrogen status of fenugreek grown in saline soils. NaCl addition to the growth medium at rates of 0.5 and 1% strongly decreased the enzymatic activity of the ten tested moulds. Three of these Fungi, Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosum and Trichoderma harzianum, showed the highest enzymatic activity. The three moulds have the ability to degrade straw in the presence of NaCl and T. harzianum was the best straw degrader. Inoculating the plants with Rhizobium meliloti strain TAL1373 and Cellulolytic Fungi slightly promoted nodulation, growth and nitrogen accumulation when plants were grown with the addition of 0.5% NaCl when compared to plants inoculated with R. meliloti alone. However, application of wheat straw with Cellulolytic Fungi significantly enhanced growth, nodulation and nodule efficiency at 0.5 and 1.0% salinity. The greatest values of nodulation and growth parameters were obtained with a straw-Trichoderma harzianum combination. Cellulolytic Fungi and wheat straw increased the concentration of Ca, Mg and K in the shoots and roots of plants. The increase in dry matter production and N content was mainly due to improved N2 fixation reflected by enhanced formation and growth of nodules as well as nitrogenase activity.
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Degradation and mineralization of wheat straw by some Cellulolytic Fungi in pure cultures
Microbiological Research, 1994Co-Authors: S. A. OmarAbstract:Abstract Decomposition and mineralization of wheat straw inoculated with 8 Cellulolytic Fungi was investigated in sand culture. Aspergillus fumigatus and Stachybotrys chartarum showed a great potential to degrade wheat straw and weight loss of straw was 35.3 and 27.5% of initial weight after 63 days incubation, respectively. CO2 production was highest after 7 and 14 days for all tested Fungi suggesting that the main contribution to CO2 production arose from the water-soluble fraction which was decomposed rapidly. Carbon solubilization from wheat straw occurred, to some extent, in a manner similar to that of straw decomposition. Also, S. chartarum and A. fumigatus solubilized considerable amounts of straw Nitrogen but Gibberella fujikuroi was the best nitrogen dissolving organism.
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The Role of Cellulose-Decomposing Fungi in Nitrogenase Activity of Azotobacter chroococcum
Folia Microbiologica, 1992Co-Authors: Mohamed Hemida Abd-alla, S. A. Omar, Ahmed M. Abdel-wahabAbstract:Azotobacter chroococcum was grown on cultures containing five carbon sources alone and also in co-cultures with three Cellulolytic Fungi (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium funiculosum andTrichoderma harzianum). In the absence of fungal species, nitrogenase activity was relatively low. The best nitrogenase activity was recorded in cultures containing faba bean straw followed by that in cultures having wheat straw, sugar cane leaves, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or cellulose. In co-cultures with Fungi,Azotobacter showed substantial nitrogenase activity on all tested substrates.Azotobacter —Trichoderma association showed the highest nitrogenase activity.
Mohamed Hemida Abd-alla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Wheat straw and Cellulolytic Fungi application increases nodulation, nodule efficiency and growth of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) grown in saline soil
Biology and Fertility of Soils, 1997Co-Authors: Mohamed Hemida Abd-alla, S. A. OmarAbstract:This study was performed to evaluate the ability of Cellulolytic Fungi and wheat straw incorporation to improve the nodulation, growth and nitrogen status of fenugreek grown in saline soils. NaCl addition to the growth medium at rates of 0.5 and 1% strongly decreased the enzymatic activity of the ten tested moulds. Three of these Fungi, Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium globosum and Trichoderma harzianum, showed the highest enzymatic activity. The three moulds have the ability to degrade straw in the presence of NaCl and T. harzianum was the best straw degrader. Inoculating the plants with Rhizobium meliloti strain TAL1373 and Cellulolytic Fungi slightly promoted nodulation, growth and nitrogen accumulation when plants were grown with the addition of 0.5% NaCl when compared to plants inoculated with R. meliloti alone. However, application of wheat straw with Cellulolytic Fungi significantly enhanced growth, nodulation and nodule efficiency at 0.5 and 1.0% salinity. The greatest values of nodulation and growth parameters were obtained with a straw-Trichoderma harzianum combination. Cellulolytic Fungi and wheat straw increased the concentration of Ca, Mg and K in the shoots and roots of plants. The increase in dry matter production and N content was mainly due to improved N2 fixation reflected by enhanced formation and growth of nodules as well as nitrogenase activity.
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The Role of Cellulose-Decomposing Fungi in Nitrogenase Activity of Azotobacter chroococcum
Folia Microbiologica, 1992Co-Authors: Mohamed Hemida Abd-alla, S. A. Omar, Ahmed M. Abdel-wahabAbstract:Azotobacter chroococcum was grown on cultures containing five carbon sources alone and also in co-cultures with three Cellulolytic Fungi (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium funiculosum andTrichoderma harzianum). In the absence of fungal species, nitrogenase activity was relatively low. The best nitrogenase activity was recorded in cultures containing faba bean straw followed by that in cultures having wheat straw, sugar cane leaves, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or cellulose. In co-cultures with Fungi,Azotobacter showed substantial nitrogenase activity on all tested substrates.Azotobacter —Trichoderma association showed the highest nitrogenase activity.
Rajendra Prasad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Crop Residue With and Without a Culture of Cellulolytic Fungi on Yield, NPK Uptake and Soil Fertility Under Rice-Wheat Cropping System
Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 2002Co-Authors: S. N. Sharma, Rajendra PrasadAbstract:The field experiments were carried out at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during three crop cycles from 1996-97 to 1998-99 to study the effect of incorporation of wheat and rice residues with and without a culture of Cellulolytic Fungi Trichrus spiralis on grain and straw yields and NPK uptake of rice-wheat cropping system and organic C, available P and available K content of soil. Incorporation of residue of wheat, rice or both had no significant effect on individual grain and straw yields and N and P uptake of rice and wheat, but significantly increased total grain and straw yields and N and P uptake of rice-wheat cropping system. Cellulolytic culture had no additional advantage over crop residues. Incorporation of residue of wheat, rice or both significantly increased K uptake of both rice and wheat as this practice resulted in recycling of 90% of total K uptake by rice and wheat crops. Incorporation of crop residue also resulted in building up of organic C, available P and available ...
Deepti Agrawal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Performance evaluation of fungal cellulases with dilute acid pretreated sugarcane bagasse: A robust bioprospecting strategy for biofuel enzymes
Renewable Energy, 2018Co-Authors: Lavika Jain, Deepti AgrawalAbstract:Abstract Bioprospecting is lucrative tool to explore novel, efficient and cheap cellulases catering “second generation biofuels” sector. In this study we propose performance evaluation of fungal cellulases with dilute acid pretreated sugarcane bagasse, as robust bioprospecting strategy for biofuel enzymes. Nine Cellulolytic Fungi were purified from wood decaying and termite rich zones of CSIR-IIP, India. Microscopic examination revealed that Penicillium and Aspergillus were the predominant genera among various Cellulolytic Fungi. After primary and secondary screening under submerged and solid state fermentation respectively, Isolate 3 (Aspergillus sp.) emerged as best hyperCellulolytic strain. Under SSF, it exhibited a maximum of ∼956 U/g endoglucanase and 167 U/g cellobiase activities on 5th day under optimized assay conditions. However, benchmarking shortlisted fungal cellulases by saccharifying acid pretreated sugarcane bagasse yielded surprising results. In spite of exhibiting maximum endoglucanase and cellobiase activity of 207 U/g and 37U/g respectively on day 4th, cellulase cocktail of Isolate 4 released 6.83 g/L and 5.41 g/L of total reducing sugars and glucose respectively at 60 °C (pH 4.0) after 72 h. These results showed that Isolate 4 phylogenetically confirmed as Talaromyces verruculosus IIPC 324 produced robust and specific cellulase cocktail for efficient hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse.
A K Patra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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thermophilic ligno Cellulolytic Fungi the future of efficient and rapid bio waste management
Journal of Environmental Management, 2019Co-Authors: Asha Sahu, M C Manna, Sudeshna Bhattacharjya, J K Thakur, Asit Mandal, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman, Udai B Singh, V K Bhargav, S Srivastava, A K PatraAbstract:To accelerate the process of decomposition using consortia of thermophilic ligno-Cellulolytic Fungi, different crop residues viz. sorghum (SG), soybean (SS), maize (MS), sugarcane (SC), cotton (CS) and pigeon pea (PS) with a varied C:N ratio and sawdust (SD) having high lignin content were collected and used for decomposition process. Compost quality assessed by evaluating different maturity and stability indices at five succeeding stages [first mesophilic (M1), thermophilic (T), second mesophilic (M2), cooling (C) and humification (H)]. A significant reduction was observed in the C:N ratio, biodegradability index, nitrification index, ratio of water-soluble carbon to organic nitrogen (WSC/Org.N) with an increase in concomitant over time while Ash (%), organic matter loss (%), CEC/TOC ratio, cellulose biodegradation ratio (BR) and lignin/cellulose ratio were significantly increased with time. By correlation study, biodegradability index (BI) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolysis emerged as the most suitable compost maturity and stability parameters, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) results confirmed that BI, BR, WSC/Org. N and FDA can be regarded as key indicators for assessing compost quality. Our findings conclude that fungal consortia of Tricoderma viride, Rhizomucor pusillus, Aspergillus awamori and Aspergillus flavus can accelerate decomposition time from 8 to 12 months (which is normal farming practice) to 120 days.