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Gary A. P. Gibson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera) - Diversity of Iranian Chalcidoidea.
Chalcidoidea of Iran (Insecta: Hymenoptera), 2021Co-Authors: Hassan Ghahari, Gary A. P. Gibson, Gennaro ViggianiAbstract:Abstract This chapter tabulates the species diversity of Iranian Chalcidoidea by family, the species newly exclude from Iran, the species presently considered as endemic to Iran and the number of species of each family that are known from each of the 31 provinces that comprise Iran. It also tabulates the fauna of Iran compared with those of 15 adjacent countries having land and sea borders with Iran: Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Turkmenistan and United Arab Emirates, as well as the former USSR. Finally, comments are provided concerning the importance of accurate taxonomy and species checklists to help resolve economic issues resulting from agricultural and forestry pest insects.
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A phylogenetic analysis of the megadiverse Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera).
Cladistics, 2013Co-Authors: John M. Heraty, Roger A. Burks, Gary A. P. Gibson, Astrid Cruaud, Jean Yves Rasplus, Gérard Delvare, Johan Liljeblad, James Munro, Peter Jansta, Alex GumovskyAbstract:Chalcidoidea (hymenoptera) is extremely diverse with an estimated 500 000 species. we present the first phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily based on both morphological and molecular data. a web-based, systematics workbench mx was used to score 945 character states illustrated by 648 figures for 233 morphological characters for a total of 66 645 observations for 300 taxa. the matrix covers 22 chalcidoid families recognized herein and includes 268 genera within 78 of 83 subfamilies. morphological data were analysed alone and in combination with molecular data from ribosomal 18s (2105 bp) and 28s d2 – d5 expansion regions (1812 bp). analyses were analysed alone and in combined datasets using implied-weights parsimony and likelihood. proposed changes in higher classification resulting from the analyses include: (i) recognition of eriaporidae, revised status ; (ii) recognition of cynipencyrtidae, revised status ; (iii) recognition of azotidae, revised status ; (iv) inclusion of sycophaginae in agaonidae, revised sta- tus ; (v) reclassification of aphelinidae to include aphelininae, calesinae, coccophaginae, eretmocerinae and eriaphytinae; (vi) inclusion of cratominae and panstenoninae within pteromalinae (pteromalidae), new synonymy ; (vii) inclusion of epichrysomalli- nae in pteromalidae, revised status . at a higher level, Chalcidoidea was monophyletic, with mymaridae the sister group of rotoiti- dae plus the remaining Chalcidoidea. a eulophid lineage was recovered that included aphelinidae, azotidae, eulophidae, signiphoridae, tetracampidae and trichogrammatidae. eucharitidae and perilampidae were monophyletic if eutrichosomatinae (pteromalidae) was included, and eupelmidae was monophyletic if oodera (pteromalidae: cleonyminae) was included. likelihood recovered a clade of eupelmidae + (tanaostigmatidae + ( cynipencyrtus + encyrtidae). support for other lineages and their impact on the classification of Chalcidoidea is discussed. several life-history traits are mapped onto the new phylogeny
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Responses of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) parasitoids to invasion of the cabbage seedpod weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in western Canada
Biological Invasions, 2008Co-Authors: Lloyd M. Dosdall, Gary A. P. Gibson, Owen Olfert, Peter G. MasonAbstract:Invasion of the European weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), was investigated through surveys of its range and population densities in Alberta and Saskatchewan from 2001 to 2005. After it was first reported in southern Alberta, C. obstrictus rapidly expanded its range and abundance. Our more recent surveys indicate that its northward expansion has slowed, but that it has continued to extend its range eastward to southcentral Saskatchewan. The distribution and abundance of parasitoids of C. obstrictus in Alberta and Saskatchewan were investigated from 2003 to 2005 by mass rearing canola pods infested with C. obstrictus larvae. Although weevil populations were not parasitized for several years immediately following its introduction to southern Alberta, a surprisingly diverse assemblage of Chalcidoidea parasitoids, comprising 12 species from four families, were recently reared from weevil-infested canola siliques in Alberta and Saskatchewan. The Chalcidoidea fauna of C. obstrictus include species with both Nearctic and Holarctic distributions, with some species having restricted host ranges and others that are more niche than taxon-specific. These Chalcidoidea species appear to have expanded their host ranges to parasitize C. obstrictus in the region. Most parasitism is attributable to Trichomalus lucidus (Walker), Chlorocytus sp., and Pteromalus sp. (Pteromalidae), and Necremnus tidius (Walker) (Eulophidae). Parasitism levels varied considerably over the three years of this study. From 2003 to 2005 increases in parasitism occurred among all four of the species dominating the parasitoid fauna of C. obstrictus, but greater increases were observed for Chlorocytus sp. and Pteromalus sp. than for T. lucidus. Parasitoid species have sometimes caused substantial levels of host mortality, although current levels are usually less than 15% for all species combined and so are not sufficient to control weevil populations. Implementing a classical biological control program for C. obstrictus by reconstructing its European natural enemy complex is being considered, but it is still uncertain whether parasitism levels by native Chalcidoidea will increase over time since considerable year-to-year variation has been found. Parasitism levels of C. obstrictus should therefore continue to be monitored to assess whether a classical biological control program should be implemented.
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On the misidentification of chalcid (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) parasitoids of the cabbage seedpod weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America
The Canadian Entomologist, 2005Co-Authors: Gary A. P. Gibson, Agri-food Canada, Hannes Baur, Bryan Ulmer, Lloyd M. Dosdall, Franck MullerAbstract:403 Abstract—Previous identifications in North America of Trichomalus perfectus (Walker, 1835) and Mesopolobus morys (Walker, 1848) (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae), the principal chalcid parasitoids of the cabbage seedpod weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus Marsham, 1802) in Europe, are shown to be misidentifications of Trichomalus lucidus (Walker, 1835) and Mesopolobus (Xenocrepis) moryoides sp. nov., respectively. Necremnus duplicatus Gahan, 1941 (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) is synonymized formally under Necremnus tidius (Walker, 1839) syn. nov., confirm- ing a previous, tentative synonymy. Both sexes of N. tidius, M. moryoides, and T. lucidus are il- lustrated and compared with those of similar species using macrophotography and scanning electron microphotography. Hypotheses are offered to explain why the principal chalcid parasitoids of the cabbage seedpod weevil differ between North America and Europe and how the three treated species came to be in North America.
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Sister-group relationships of the Platygastroidea and Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) — an alternate hypothesis to Rasnitsyn (1988)
Zoologica Scripta, 1999Co-Authors: Gary A. P. GibsonAbstract:Evidence for the hypothesis that Platygastroidea and (Chalcidoidea + Mymarommatoidea) are sister groups is reviewed and an alternate hypothesis of relationships is proposed for Platygastroidea. Platygastroidea is postulated to form a monophyletic group with Pelecinidae, Proctotrupoidea and Vanhorniidae based on common possession of an annular pronotum and a mesopleural-mesotrochanteral muscle. Hypotheses of character-state transformation are illustrated diagrammatically to explain distribution of the mesotrochanteral depressor muscle and relative structure of the pronotum, mesothoracic spiracle, prepectus, and pronotal-mesepisternal attachment throughout the nonaculeate Apocrita. The states of 16 characters are defined in one table and another table summarises the distribution of the states in Orussidae and Apocrita. Retention of an independent prepectus and a mesotergal-mesotrochanteral depressor muscle indicates that Chalcidoidea + Mymarommatoidea are a relatively early clade of Apocrita but does not indicate exact relationships. Chalcidoidea + Mymarommatoidea are indicated as possibly being more closely related to Diapriidae or Ceraphronoidea based on other characters. It is postulated that structure of the mesocoxal articulation of taxa assigned to the Evaniomorpha may represent a retained symplesiomorphy rather than a synapomorphy. Mesocoxal articulatory structure is illustrated by scanning electron photomicrographs.
Lars Krogmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A new lineage of Cretaceous jewel wasps (Chalcidoidea: Diversinitidae)
PeerJ, 2018Co-Authors: Michael Haas, Roger A. Burks, Lars KrogmannAbstract:Jewel wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) are extremely species-rich today, but have a sparse fossil record from the Cretaceous, the period of their early diversification. Three genera and three species, Diversinitus attenboroughi gen. & sp. n. , Burminata caputaeria gen. & sp. n. and Glabiala barbata gen. & sp. n. are described in the family Diversinitidae fam. n., from Lower Cretaceous Burmese amber. Placement in Chalcidoidea is supported by the presence of multiporous plate sensilla on the antennal flagellum and a laterally exposed prepectus. The new taxa can be excluded from all extant family level chalcidoid lineages by the presence of multiporous plate sensilla on the first flagellomere in both sexes and lack of any synapomorphies. Accordingly, a new family is proposed for the fossils and its probable phylogenetic position within Chalcidoidea is discussed. Morphological cladistic analyses of the new fossils within the Heraty et al. (2013) dataset did not resolve the phylogenetic placement of Diversinitidae, but indicated its monophyly. Phylogenetically relevant morphological characters of the new fossils are discussed with reference to Cretaceous and extant chalcidoid taxa. Along with mymarid fossils and a few species of uncertain phylogenetic placement, the newly described members of Diversinitidae are among the earliest known chalcidoids and advance our knowledge of their Cretaceous diversity.
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Phylogenetic implications of the mesosomal skeleton in Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera, Apocrita) – tree searches in a jungle of homoplasy
Invertebrate Systematics, 2006Co-Authors: Lars Krogmann, Lars VilhelmsenAbstract:Results from a comparative anatomical study of the mesosomal skeleton of Chalcidoidea are presented. External and internal features are described and illustrated for 39 chalcidoid taxa, representing 16 families and 29 subfamilies. This is the most comprehensive morphological study ever conducted for the superfamily. The mesosoma was dissected, macerated and investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The mesothorax and metathorax contributed most of the phylogenetically relevant information. The metafurca is highly variable within Chalcidoidea but seems to be relatively constant at the subfamily level. One hundred and fifty-four morphological characters were scored and analysed cladistically. Outgroup species were chosen from six apocritan superfamilies: Stephanoidea, Ceraphronoidea, Cynipoidea, Platygastroidea, Proctotrupoidea and Mymarommatoidea. Some previously suggested chalcidoid relationships were retrieved: (1) Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae + Miscogasterinae + Panstenoninae; (2) Perilampidae + Eucharitidae; (3) Chalcididae + Leucospidae + Eurytomidae; (4) Eulophidae: Eulophinae + Tetrastichinae + Entedoninae; and (5) Eupelmidae + Encyrtidae. Mymarommatoidea renders Chalcidoidea paraphyletic in our analyses; however, the taxon sample is too restricted to provide a robust hypothesis. Three previously unreported putative autapomorphies of Chalcidoidea were revealed: (1) presence of an exposed, triangular or diamond-shaped prosternum; (2) presence of a percurrent mesopleural sulcus anteriorly terminating in the acropleuron; and (3) presence of paired metapectal plates lateral to the metafurca.
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phylogenetic implications of the mesosomal skeleton in Chalcidoidea hymenoptera apocrita tree searches in a jungle of homoplasy
Invertebrate Systematics, 2006Co-Authors: Lars Krogmann, Lars VilhelmsenAbstract:Results from a comparative anatomical study of the mesosomal skeleton of Chalcidoidea are presented. External and internal features are described and illustrated for 39 chalcidoid taxa, representing 16 families and 29 subfamilies. This is the most comprehensive morphological study ever conducted for the superfamily. The mesosoma was dissected, macerated and investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The mesothorax and metathorax contributed most of the phylogenetically relevant information. The metafurca is highly variable within Chalcidoidea but seems to be relatively constant at the subfamily level. One hundred and fifty-four morphological characters were scored and analysed cladistically. Outgroup species were chosen from six apocritan superfamilies: Stephanoidea, Ceraphronoidea, Cynipoidea, Platygastroidea, Proctotrupoidea and Mymarommatoidea. Some previously suggested chalcidoid relationships were retrieved: (1) Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae + Miscogasterinae + Panstenoninae; (2) Perilampidae + Eucharitidae; (3) Chalcididae + Leucospidae + Eurytomidae; (4) Eulophidae: Eulophinae + Tetrastichinae + Entedoninae; and (5) Eupelmidae + Encyrtidae. Mymarommatoidea renders Chalcidoidea paraphyletic in our analyses; however, the taxon sample is too restricted to provide a robust hypothesis. Three previously unreported putative autapomorphies of Chalcidoidea were revealed: (1) presence of an exposed, triangular or diamond-shaped prosternum; (2) presence of a percurrent mesopleural sulcus anteriorly terminating in the acropleuron; and (3) presence of paired metapectal plates lateral to the metafurca.
Peter G. Mason - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Responses of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) parasitoids to invasion of the cabbage seedpod weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in western Canada
Biological Invasions, 2008Co-Authors: Lloyd M. Dosdall, Gary A. P. Gibson, Owen Olfert, Peter G. MasonAbstract:Invasion of the European weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), was investigated through surveys of its range and population densities in Alberta and Saskatchewan from 2001 to 2005. After it was first reported in southern Alberta, C. obstrictus rapidly expanded its range and abundance. Our more recent surveys indicate that its northward expansion has slowed, but that it has continued to extend its range eastward to southcentral Saskatchewan. The distribution and abundance of parasitoids of C. obstrictus in Alberta and Saskatchewan were investigated from 2003 to 2005 by mass rearing canola pods infested with C. obstrictus larvae. Although weevil populations were not parasitized for several years immediately following its introduction to southern Alberta, a surprisingly diverse assemblage of Chalcidoidea parasitoids, comprising 12 species from four families, were recently reared from weevil-infested canola siliques in Alberta and Saskatchewan. The Chalcidoidea fauna of C. obstrictus include species with both Nearctic and Holarctic distributions, with some species having restricted host ranges and others that are more niche than taxon-specific. These Chalcidoidea species appear to have expanded their host ranges to parasitize C. obstrictus in the region. Most parasitism is attributable to Trichomalus lucidus (Walker), Chlorocytus sp., and Pteromalus sp. (Pteromalidae), and Necremnus tidius (Walker) (Eulophidae). Parasitism levels varied considerably over the three years of this study. From 2003 to 2005 increases in parasitism occurred among all four of the species dominating the parasitoid fauna of C. obstrictus, but greater increases were observed for Chlorocytus sp. and Pteromalus sp. than for T. lucidus. Parasitoid species have sometimes caused substantial levels of host mortality, although current levels are usually less than 15% for all species combined and so are not sufficient to control weevil populations. Implementing a classical biological control program for C. obstrictus by reconstructing its European natural enemy complex is being considered, but it is still uncertain whether parasitism levels by native Chalcidoidea will increase over time since considerable year-to-year variation has been found. Parasitism levels of C. obstrictus should therefore continue to be monitored to assess whether a classical biological control program should be implemented.
Lloyd M. Dosdall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Responses of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) parasitoids to invasion of the cabbage seedpod weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in western Canada
Biological Invasions, 2008Co-Authors: Lloyd M. Dosdall, Gary A. P. Gibson, Owen Olfert, Peter G. MasonAbstract:Invasion of the European weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), was investigated through surveys of its range and population densities in Alberta and Saskatchewan from 2001 to 2005. After it was first reported in southern Alberta, C. obstrictus rapidly expanded its range and abundance. Our more recent surveys indicate that its northward expansion has slowed, but that it has continued to extend its range eastward to southcentral Saskatchewan. The distribution and abundance of parasitoids of C. obstrictus in Alberta and Saskatchewan were investigated from 2003 to 2005 by mass rearing canola pods infested with C. obstrictus larvae. Although weevil populations were not parasitized for several years immediately following its introduction to southern Alberta, a surprisingly diverse assemblage of Chalcidoidea parasitoids, comprising 12 species from four families, were recently reared from weevil-infested canola siliques in Alberta and Saskatchewan. The Chalcidoidea fauna of C. obstrictus include species with both Nearctic and Holarctic distributions, with some species having restricted host ranges and others that are more niche than taxon-specific. These Chalcidoidea species appear to have expanded their host ranges to parasitize C. obstrictus in the region. Most parasitism is attributable to Trichomalus lucidus (Walker), Chlorocytus sp., and Pteromalus sp. (Pteromalidae), and Necremnus tidius (Walker) (Eulophidae). Parasitism levels varied considerably over the three years of this study. From 2003 to 2005 increases in parasitism occurred among all four of the species dominating the parasitoid fauna of C. obstrictus, but greater increases were observed for Chlorocytus sp. and Pteromalus sp. than for T. lucidus. Parasitoid species have sometimes caused substantial levels of host mortality, although current levels are usually less than 15% for all species combined and so are not sufficient to control weevil populations. Implementing a classical biological control program for C. obstrictus by reconstructing its European natural enemy complex is being considered, but it is still uncertain whether parasitism levels by native Chalcidoidea will increase over time since considerable year-to-year variation has been found. Parasitism levels of C. obstrictus should therefore continue to be monitored to assess whether a classical biological control program should be implemented.
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On the misidentification of chalcid (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) parasitoids of the cabbage seedpod weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America
The Canadian Entomologist, 2005Co-Authors: Gary A. P. Gibson, Agri-food Canada, Hannes Baur, Bryan Ulmer, Lloyd M. Dosdall, Franck MullerAbstract:403 Abstract—Previous identifications in North America of Trichomalus perfectus (Walker, 1835) and Mesopolobus morys (Walker, 1848) (Chalcidoidea: Pteromalidae), the principal chalcid parasitoids of the cabbage seedpod weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus Marsham, 1802) in Europe, are shown to be misidentifications of Trichomalus lucidus (Walker, 1835) and Mesopolobus (Xenocrepis) moryoides sp. nov., respectively. Necremnus duplicatus Gahan, 1941 (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) is synonymized formally under Necremnus tidius (Walker, 1839) syn. nov., confirm- ing a previous, tentative synonymy. Both sexes of N. tidius, M. moryoides, and T. lucidus are il- lustrated and compared with those of similar species using macrophotography and scanning electron microphotography. Hypotheses are offered to explain why the principal chalcid parasitoids of the cabbage seedpod weevil differ between North America and Europe and how the three treated species came to be in North America.
Tania Zaviezo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chalcidoidea species, name of host family (number of samples from the majority host family / total number of samples), distribution (northernmost and southernmost latitudes), and list of host species (number of sites with the association).
2019Co-Authors: Paul Amouroux, Emilio Guerrieri, Didier Crochard, Margarita Correa, Géraldine Groussier, Philippe Kreiter, Carola Roman, Antonio Garonna, Thibaut Malausa, Tania ZaviezoAbstract:Chalcidoidea species, name of host family (number of samples from the majority host family / total number of samples), distribution (northernmost and southernmost latitudes), and list of host species (number of sites with the association).
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Natural enemies of armored scales (hemiptera: diaspididae) and soft scales (hemiptera: coccidae) in chile: molecular and morphological identification
PLoS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Paul Amouroux, Emilio Guerrieri, Didier Crochard, Géraldine Groussier, Philippe Kreiter, Carola Roman, Antonio Garonna, Thibaut Malausa, Margarita Correa Gutierrez, Tania ZaviezoAbstract:Scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) are key pests of agricultural crops and ornamental plants worldwide. Their populations are difficult to control, even with insecticides, due to their cryptic habits. Moreover, there is growing concern over the use of synthetic pesticides for their control, due to deleterious environmental effects and the emergence of resistant populations of target pests. In this context, biological control may be an effective and sustainable approach. Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea includes natural enemies of scale insects that have been successfully used in many biological control programs. However, the correct identification of pest scale species and their natural enemies is particularly challenging because these insects are very small and highly specialized. Integrative taxonomy, coupling DNA barcoding and morphological analysis, has been successfully used to characterize pests and natural enemy species. In this study, we performed a survey of parasitoids and predators of armored and soft scales in Chile, based on 28S and COI barcodes. Fifty-three populations of Diaspididae and 79 populations of Coccidae were sampled over the entire length of the country, from Arica (18 degrees S) to Frutillar (41 degrees S), between January 2015 and February 2016. The phylogenetic relationships obtained by Bayesian inference from multilocus haplotypes revealed 41 putative species of Chalcidoidea, five Coccinellidae and three Neuroptera. Species delimitation was confirmed using ABGD, GMYC and PTP model. In Chalcidoidea, 23 species were identified morphologically, resulting in new COI barcodes for 12 species and new 28S barcodes for 14 species. Two predator species (Rhyzobius lophantae and Coccidophilus transandinus) were identified morphologically, and two parasitoid species, Chartocerus niger and Signiphora bifasciata, were recorded for the first time in Chile.