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Thomas W Shier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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phytotoxic responses of soybean glycine max l to botryodiplodin a toxin produced by the Charcoal Rot disease fungus macrophomina phaseolina
Toxins, 2020Co-Authors: Hamed K. Abbas, Nacer Bellaloui, Alemah M Butler, Justin Nelson, Mohamed Aboukaram, Thomas W ShierAbstract:Toxins have been proposed to facilitate fungal root infection by creating regions of readily-penetrated necRotic tissue when applied externally to intact roots. Isolates of the Charcoal Rot disease fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina, from soybean plants in Mississippi produced a phytotoxic toxin, (-)-botryodiplodin, but no detectable phaseolinone, a toxin previously proposed to play a role in the root infection mechanism. This study was undertaken to determine if (-)-botryodiplodin induces toxic responses of the types that could facilitate root infection. (±)-Botryodiplodin prepared by chemical synthesis caused phytotoxic effects identical to those observed with (-)-botryodiplodin preparations from M. phaseolina culture filtrates, consistent with fungus-induced phytotoxicity being due to (-)-botryodiplodin, not phaseolinone or other unknown impurities. Soybean leaf disc cultures of Saline cultivar were more susceptible to (±)-botryodiplodin phytotoxicity than were cultures of two Charcoal Rot-resistant genotypes, DS97-84-1 and DT97-4290. (±)-Botryodiplodin caused similar phytotoxicity in actively growing duckweed (Lemna pausicostata) plantlet cultures, but at much lower concentrations. In soybean seedlings growing in hydroponic culture, (±)-botryodiplodin added to culture medium inhibited lateral and tap root growth, and caused loss of root caps and normal root tip cellular structure. Thus, botryodiplodin applied externally to undisturbed soybean roots induced phytotoxic responses of types expected to facilitate fungal root infection.
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toxin production in soybean glycine max l plants with Charcoal Rot disease and by macrophomina phaseolina the fungus that causes the disease
Toxins, 2019Co-Authors: Hamed K. Abbas, James R. Smith, Nacer Bellaloui, Cesare Accinelli, Thomas W ShierAbstract:Charcoal Rot disease, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, results in major economic losses in soybean production in southern USA. M. phaseolina has been proposed to use the toxin (-)-botryodiplodin in its root infection mechanism to create a necRotic zone in root tissue through which fungal hyphae can readily enter the plant. The majority (51.4%) of M. phaseolina isolates from plants with Charcoal Rot disease produced a wide range of (-)-botryodiplodin concentrations in a culture medium (0.14-6.11 µg/mL), 37.8% produced traces below the limit of quantification (0.01 µg/mL), and 10.8% produced no detectable (-)-botryodiplodin. Some culture media with traces or no (-)-botryodiplodin were nevertheless strongly phytotoxic in soybean leaf disc cultures, consistent with the production of another unidentified toxin(s). Widely ranging (-)-botryodiplodin levels (traces to 3.14 µg/g) were also observed in the roots, but not in the aerial parts, of soybean plants naturally infected with Charcoal Rot disease. This is the first report of (-)-botryodiplodin in plant tissues naturally infected with Charcoal Rot disease. No phaseolinone was detected in M. phaseolina culture media or naturally infected soybean tissues. These results are consistent with (-)-botryodiplodin playing a role in the pathology of some, but not all, M. phaseolina isolates from soybeans with Charcoal Rot disease in southern USA.
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soybean Charcoal Rot disease fungus macrophomina phaseolina in mississippi produces the phytotoxin botryodiplodin but no detectable phaseolinone
Journal of Natural Products, 2007Co-Authors: Mohammad Ramezani, Hamed K. Abbas, Thomas W Shier, Jennifer L Tonos, Richard E Baird, Gabriel L SciumbatoAbstract:Research on Charcoal Rot disease in soybeans, and approximately 500 other plant diseases caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, has been severely hampered by unavailability of phaseolinone (1), an eremophilane sesquiterpenoid phytotoxin proposed to facilitate initial infection. Phytotoxin produced in cultures of disease-causing M. phaseolina isolated in Mississippi, and purified in a manner similar to that reported for 1, was shown to be (−)-botryodiplodin (2), a readily synthesized mycotoxin previously isolated from Botryodiplodia theobromae cultures. Phaseolinone was not detected, suggesting that 2 may be the phytotoxin that facilitates infection. The availability of 2 should facilitate studies on its role in plant disease.
Hamed K. Abbas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Charcoal Rot on Soybean Seed Composition in Soybean Genotypes That Differ in Charcoal Rot Resistance under Irrigated and Non-Irrigated Conditions
MDPI AG, 2021Co-Authors: Nacer Bellaloui, Alemu Mengistu, James R. Smith, Hamed K. Abbas, Cesare Accinelli, W. Thomas ShierAbstract:Charcoal Rot is a major disease of soybean (Glycine max) caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and results in significant loss in yield and seed quality. The effects of Charcoal Rot on seed composition (seed pRotein, oil, and fatty acids), a component of seed quality, is not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate the impact of Charcoal Rot on seed pRotein, oil, and fatty acids in different soybean genotypes differing in their Charcoal Rot susceptibility under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions. Two field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Jackson, TN, USA. Thirteen genotypes differing in Charcoal Rot resistance (moderately resistant and susceptible) were evaluated. Under non-irrigated conditions, moderately resistant genotypes showed either no change or increased pRotein and oleic acid but had lower linolenic acid. Under non-irrigated conditions, most of the susceptible genotypes showed lower pRotein and linolenic acid but higher oleic acid. Most of the moderately resistant genotypes had higher pRotein than susceptible genotypes under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions but lower oil than susceptible genotypes. The different responses among genotypes for pRotein, oil, oleic acid, and linolenic acid observed in each year may be due to both genotype tolerance to drought and environmental conditions, especially heat differences in each year (2012 was warmer than 2013). This research showed that the increases in pRotein and oleic acid and the decrease in linolenic acid may be a possible physiological mechanism underlying the plant’s responses to the Charcoal Rot infection. This research further helps scientists understand the impact of irrigated and non-irrigated conditions on seed nutrition changes, using resistant and susceptible genotypes.
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phytotoxic responses of soybean glycine max l to botryodiplodin a toxin produced by the Charcoal Rot disease fungus macrophomina phaseolina
Toxins, 2020Co-Authors: Hamed K. Abbas, Nacer Bellaloui, Alemah M Butler, Justin Nelson, Mohamed Aboukaram, Thomas W ShierAbstract:Toxins have been proposed to facilitate fungal root infection by creating regions of readily-penetrated necRotic tissue when applied externally to intact roots. Isolates of the Charcoal Rot disease fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina, from soybean plants in Mississippi produced a phytotoxic toxin, (-)-botryodiplodin, but no detectable phaseolinone, a toxin previously proposed to play a role in the root infection mechanism. This study was undertaken to determine if (-)-botryodiplodin induces toxic responses of the types that could facilitate root infection. (±)-Botryodiplodin prepared by chemical synthesis caused phytotoxic effects identical to those observed with (-)-botryodiplodin preparations from M. phaseolina culture filtrates, consistent with fungus-induced phytotoxicity being due to (-)-botryodiplodin, not phaseolinone or other unknown impurities. Soybean leaf disc cultures of Saline cultivar were more susceptible to (±)-botryodiplodin phytotoxicity than were cultures of two Charcoal Rot-resistant genotypes, DS97-84-1 and DT97-4290. (±)-Botryodiplodin caused similar phytotoxicity in actively growing duckweed (Lemna pausicostata) plantlet cultures, but at much lower concentrations. In soybean seedlings growing in hydroponic culture, (±)-botryodiplodin added to culture medium inhibited lateral and tap root growth, and caused loss of root caps and normal root tip cellular structure. Thus, botryodiplodin applied externally to undisturbed soybean roots induced phytotoxic responses of types expected to facilitate fungal root infection.
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toxin production in soybean glycine max l plants with Charcoal Rot disease and by macrophomina phaseolina the fungus that causes the disease
Toxins, 2019Co-Authors: Hamed K. Abbas, James R. Smith, Nacer Bellaloui, Cesare Accinelli, Thomas W ShierAbstract:Charcoal Rot disease, caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, results in major economic losses in soybean production in southern USA. M. phaseolina has been proposed to use the toxin (-)-botryodiplodin in its root infection mechanism to create a necRotic zone in root tissue through which fungal hyphae can readily enter the plant. The majority (51.4%) of M. phaseolina isolates from plants with Charcoal Rot disease produced a wide range of (-)-botryodiplodin concentrations in a culture medium (0.14-6.11 µg/mL), 37.8% produced traces below the limit of quantification (0.01 µg/mL), and 10.8% produced no detectable (-)-botryodiplodin. Some culture media with traces or no (-)-botryodiplodin were nevertheless strongly phytotoxic in soybean leaf disc cultures, consistent with the production of another unidentified toxin(s). Widely ranging (-)-botryodiplodin levels (traces to 3.14 µg/g) were also observed in the roots, but not in the aerial parts, of soybean plants naturally infected with Charcoal Rot disease. This is the first report of (-)-botryodiplodin in plant tissues naturally infected with Charcoal Rot disease. No phaseolinone was detected in M. phaseolina culture media or naturally infected soybean tissues. These results are consistent with (-)-botryodiplodin playing a role in the pathology of some, but not all, M. phaseolina isolates from soybeans with Charcoal Rot disease in southern USA.
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soybean Charcoal Rot disease fungus macrophomina phaseolina in mississippi produces the phytotoxin botryodiplodin but no detectable phaseolinone
Journal of Natural Products, 2007Co-Authors: Mohammad Ramezani, Hamed K. Abbas, Thomas W Shier, Jennifer L Tonos, Richard E Baird, Gabriel L SciumbatoAbstract:Research on Charcoal Rot disease in soybeans, and approximately 500 other plant diseases caused by the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, has been severely hampered by unavailability of phaseolinone (1), an eremophilane sesquiterpenoid phytotoxin proposed to facilitate initial infection. Phytotoxin produced in cultures of disease-causing M. phaseolina isolated in Mississippi, and purified in a manner similar to that reported for 1, was shown to be (−)-botryodiplodin (2), a readily synthesized mycotoxin previously isolated from Botryodiplodia theobromae cultures. Phaseolinone was not detected, suggesting that 2 may be the phytotoxin that facilitates infection. The availability of 2 should facilitate studies on its role in plant disease.
Castagnaro, Atilio Pedro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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New sources of resistance to Charcoal Rot of soybean caused by Macrophomina phaseolina
Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, 2020Co-Authors: Reznikov Sebastian, De Lisi Vicente, Castagnaro, Atilio Pedro, Bleckwedel Juliana, Claps, María Paula, Gonzalez, Victoria Del Valle, Escobar Marcela, Ledesma Rodriguez Fernando, Devani, Mario Rodolfo, Ploper, Leonardo DanielAbstract:La podredumbre carbonosa de la soja [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], ocasionada por el hongo polífagoMacrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., es una enfermedad que ocasiona pérdidas económicamente importantes en elmundo. En el noroeste de Argentina esta patología es limitante para la producción de soja cuando se presentancondiciones de altas temperaturas y estrés hídrico. Debido a la importancia económica y a la falta de genotiposcomerciales de soja resistentes a esta enfermedad, se planteó como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento de las líneasavanzadas de soja del programa de mejoramiento genético de la Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres(EEAOC) frente a la podredumbre carbonosa, en ensayos a campo inoculados con el hongo. Se evaluaron losparámetros de severidad e índice de unidades formadoras de colonias de M. phaseolina (IUFC) en estadio fenológico R7del cultivo. Se evaluaron 12 líneas de soja en la campaña 2016/2017 y 24 líneas en el ciclo agrícola 2017/2018. Laslíneas que presentaron los mejores comportamientos frente a M. phaseolina en los ciclos agrícolas evaluados fueron:D38M3-13/182, D51N59-14/247 y Munasqa RR, las cuales se comportaron como moderadamente resistentes cuando seevaluó el parámetro severidad, y como resistentes según el parámetro IUFC. Estas líneas podrían ser utilizadas en losprogramas de mejoramiento genético como progenitores para incorporar la resistencia frente a esta enfermedad, ymejorar así el manejo de la podredumbre carbonosa de la soja en el noroeste de Argentina de forma eficaz y amigablecon el ambiente.Charcoal Rot of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], caused by the polyphagous fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., is an economically important disease worldwide. In northwestern Argentina this pathology is limiting for soybean production when high temperatures and water stress prevail in the season. Due to its economic importance and the lack of commercial genotypes of soybean resistant to this disease, the objective of this work was to evaluate the reaction against Charcoal Rot of advanced lines from Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) breeding program, in field trials inoculated with the fungus. The parameters evaluated at the R7 stage were severity and a colony-forming unit index of M. phaseolina (CFUI). Twelve soybean lines were evaluated in the 2016/2017 growing season and 24 lines in the 2017/2018 season. These evaluations indicated that D38M3-13/182, D51N59-14/247 and Munasqa RR were moderately resistant when severity was considered, and as resistant based on the CFUI. These lines could be used in genetic improvement programs as parents to enhance resistance to this disease and thus improve the management of Charcoal Rot of soybeans in northwestern Argentina in an efficient and environmentally friendly way.Fil: Reznikov, Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino. Provincia de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (p). Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Bleckwedel, Juliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino. Provincia de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (p). Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Claps, María Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino. Provincia de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (p). Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: de Lisi, Vicente. Provincia de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (P); ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Victoria del Valle. Provincia de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (P); ArgentinaFil: Escobar, Marcela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino. Provincia de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (p). Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Ledesma Rodriguez, Fernando. Provincia de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (P); ArgentinaFil: Devani, Mario Rodolfo. Provincia de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (P); ArgentinaFil: Castagnaro, Atilio Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino. Provincia de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (p). Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Ploper, Leonardo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino. Provincia de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (p). Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino; Argentin
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Disease incidence of Charcoal Rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) on soybean in north-western Argentina and genetic characteristics of the pathogen
'Informa UK Limited', 2018Co-Authors: Reznikov Sebastian, Mengistu Alemu, Vellicce, Gabriel Ricardo, Arias, Renee Silvia, Gonzalez Victoria, De Lisi Vicente, García, María Gabriela, Rocha, Carla Maria Lourdes, Pardo, Esteban Mariano, Castagnaro, Atilio PedroAbstract:Charcoal Rot of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., is an economically important disease worldwide. In recent years, Charcoal Rot has become a concern for farmers in north-western Argentina. The present work aimed to (1) evaluate disease incidence of Charcoal Rot; (2) assess morphological and genetic characteristics of M. phaseolina isolates from soybean and other hosts collected in north-western Argentina; and (3) compare genetic diversity between soybean isolates of M. phaseolina from Argentina and the USA. Incidence of Charcoal Rot evaluated in 11 locations during five growing seasons (2008–2012) was 1%, 1%, 1%, 5–10% and 90%, respectively, indicating a gradual increase over the cropping seasons. Cluster analysis by AFLP of Argentinean isolates exhibited one main group, with isolate Mp56 separated at a genetic distance of 0.70. Four main groups were identified using SSR markers at the same genetic distance, with Mp56 and Mp53 separated from them. There was no clear association between AFLP, SSR profiles, morphological characteristics or host of origin within isolates from Argentina. However, using principal coordinate analysis of SSRs, 22 isolates of M. phaseolina from soybean from north-western Argentina were clearly distinguished from 11 isolates previously collected from two states in the USA. Our results confirmed the increasing importance of Charcoal Rot in north-western Argentina and identified characteristics of isolates that may be useful for breeding for disease resistance and developing integrated management programmes for Charcoal Rot in Argentina in the future.Fil: Reznikov, Sebastian. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA; ArgentinaFil: Vellice, Gabriel. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA); ArgentinaFil: Mengistu, Alemu. USDA-ARS Crop Genetics Research Unit; Estados UnidosFil: Arias, Renne Silva. USDA-ARS-National Peanut Research Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Gonzalez, Victoria. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA); ArgentinaFil: de Lisi, Vicente. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA); ArgentinaFil: Garcia, Maria Gabriela. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA); ArgentinaFil: Rocha, Carla Maria Lourdes. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA); ArgentinaFil: Pardo, Esteban Mariano. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA); ArgentinaFil: Castagnaro, Atilio Pedro. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA); ArgentinaFil: Ploper, Leonardo Daniel. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino (ITANOA); Argentin
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Disease incidence of Charcoal Rot (\u3ci\u3eMacrophomina phaseolina\u3c/i\u3e) on soybean in north-western Argentina and genetic characteristics of the pathogen
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 2018Co-Authors: Reznikov Sebastian, Mengistu Alemu, Vellicce, Gabriel Ricardo, Arias, Renee Silvia, Gonzalez Victoria, De Lisi Vicente, Pardo, Esteban Mariano, Gabriela, Garcia Maria, Maria Lourdes, Rocha Carla, Castagnaro, Atilio PedroAbstract:Charcoal Rot of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., is an economically important disease worldwide. In recent years, Charcoal Rot has become a concern for farmers in north-western Argentina. The present work aimed to (1) evaluate disease incidence of Charcoal Rot; (2) assess morphological and genetic characteristics of M. phaseolina isolates from soybean and other hosts collected in north-western Argentina; and (3) compare genetic diversity between soybean isolates of M. phaseolina from Argentina and the USA. Incidence of Charcoal Rot evaluated in 11 locations during five growing seasons (2008–2012) was 1%, 1%, 1%, 5–10% and 90%, respectively, indicating a gradual increase over the cropping seasons. Cluster analysis by AFLP of Argentinean isolates exhibited one main group, with isolate Mp56 separated at a genetic distance of 0.70. Four main groups were identified using SSR markers at the same genetic distance, with Mp56 and Mp53 separated from them. There was no clear association between AFLP, SSR profiles, morphological characteristics or host of origin within isolates from Argentina. However, using principal coordinate analysis of SSRs, 22 isolates of M. phaseolina from soybean from north-western Argentina were clearly distinguished from 11 isolates previously collected from two states in the USA. Our results confirmed the increasing importance of Charcoal Rot in north-western Argentina and identified characteristics of isolates that may be useful for breeding for disease resistance and developing integrated management programmes for Charcoal Rot in Argentina in the future. La pourriture noire du soya (Glycine max (L.)Merr.), causée par Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., est une maladie économiquement importante dans le monde entier. Depuis les dernières années, elle préoccupe les producteurs du nord-ouest de l’Argentine. Ces travaux visaient à: (1) estimer l’incidence de la maladie; (2) évaluer les caractéristiques morphologiques et génétiques des isolats de M. phaseolina collectés sur le soya et d’autres hôtes du Nord-Ouest argentin; et (3) comparer la diversité génétique entre les isolats de M. phaseolina collectés sur le soya en Argentine et aux États-Unis. L’incidence de la pourriture noire évaluée à 11 endroits durant 5 saisons de croissance (de 2008 à 2012) était de 1%, 1%, 1%, 5–10% et 90%, respectivement, ce qui indique une progression graduelle d’une saison à l’autre. L’analyse typologique des données AFLP des isolats argentins a fait ressortir un groupe principal incluant l’isolat Mp56 séparé par une distance génétique de 0.70. Quatre groupes principaux ont été identifiés à l’aide de marqueurs SSR à la même distance génétique,Mp56 etMp53 en étant séparés. Il n’y avait pas de corrélation nette entre les données AFLP, les profiles SSR, les caractéristiquesmorphologiques ou l’hôte d’origine parmi les isolats argentins. Toutefois, en utilisant l’analyse des principales coordonnées des SSR, 22 isolats de M. phaseolina collectés sur le soya du nord-ouest de l’Argentine ont été nettement différenciés de 11 isolats préalablement collectés dans deux États américains. Nos résultats confirment l’importance croissante de la pourriture noire dans le nord-ouest de l’Argentine. Ils ont permis de définir les caractéristiques des isolats qui pourraient être utiles en vue d’une sélection visant la résistance et l’élaboration d’un programme de gestion intégrée pour, dans l’avenir, combattre la pourriture noire en Argentine
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Disease incidence of Charcoal Rot (\u3ci\u3eMacrophomina phaseolina\u3c/i\u3e) on soybean in north-western Argentina and genetic characteristics of the pathogen
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln, 2018Co-Authors: Reznikov Sebastian, Mengistu Alemu, Vellicce, Gabriel Ricardo, Gonzalez Victoria, De Lisi Vicente, Pardo, Esteban Mariano, Gabriela, Garcia Maria, Maria Lourdes, Rocha Carla, Silvia Arias Renee, Castagnaro, Atilio PedroAbstract:Charcoal Rot of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., is an economically important disease worldwide. In recent years, Charcoal Rot has become a concern for farmers in north-western Argentina. The present work aimed to (1) evaluate disease incidence of Charcoal Rot; (2) assess morphological and genetic characteristics of M. phaseolina isolates from soybean and other hosts collected in north-western Argentina; and (3) compare genetic diversity between soybean isolates of M. phaseolina from Argentina and the USA. Incidence of Charcoal Rot evaluated in 11 locations during five growing seasons (2008–2012) was 1%, 1%, 1%, 5–10% and 90%, respectively, indicating a gradual increase over the cropping seasons. Cluster analysis by AFLP of Argentinean isolates exhibited one main group, with isolate Mp56 separated at a genetic distance of 0.70. Four main groups were identified using SSR markers at the same genetic distance, with Mp56 and Mp53 separated from them. There was no clear association between AFLP, SSR profiles, morphological characteristics or host of origin within isolates from Argentina. However, using principal coordinate analysis of SSRs, 22 isolates of M. phaseolina from soybean from north-western Argentina were clearly distinguished from 11 isolates previously collected from two states in the USA. Our results confirmed the increasing importance of Charcoal Rot in north-western Argentina and identified characteristics of isolates that may be useful for breeding for disease resistance and developing integrated management programmes for Charcoal Rot in Argentina in the future. La pourriture noire du soya (Glycine max (L.)Merr.), causée par Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., est une maladie économiquement importante dans le monde entier. Depuis les dernières années, elle préoccupe les producteurs du nord-ouest de l’Argentine. Ces travaux visaient à: (1) estimer l’incidence de la maladie; (2) évaluer les caractéristiques morphologiques et génétiques des isolats de M. phaseolina collectés sur le soya et d’autres hôtes du Nord-Ouest argentin; et (3) comparer la diversité génétique entre les isolats de M. phaseolina collectés sur le soya en Argentine et aux États-Unis. L’incidence de la pourriture noire évaluée à 11 endroits durant 5 saisons de croissance (de 2008 à 2012) était de 1%, 1%, 1%, 5–10% et 90%, respectivement, ce qui indique une progression graduelle d’une saison à l’autre. L’analyse typologique des données AFLP des isolats argentins a fait ressortir un groupe principal incluant l’isolat Mp56 séparé par une distance génétique de 0.70. Quatre groupes principaux ont été identifiés à l’aide de marqueurs SSR à la même distance génétique,Mp56 etMp53 en étant séparés. Il n’y avait pas de corrélation nette entre les données AFLP, les profiles SSR, les caractéristiquesmorphologiques ou l’hôte d’origine parmi les isolats argentins. Toutefois, en utilisant l’analyse des principales coordonnées des SSR, 22 isolats de M. phaseolina collectés sur le soya du nord-ouest de l’Argentine ont été nettement différenciés de 11 isolats préalablement collectés dans deux États américains. Nos résultats confirment l’importance croissante de la pourriture noire dans le nord-ouest de l’Argentine. Ils ont permis de définir les caractéristiques des isolats qui pourraient être utiles en vue d’une sélection visant la résistance et l’élaboration d’un programme de gestion intégrée pour, dans l’avenir, combattre la pourriture noire en Argentine
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Evaluation of chemical and biological seed treatments to control Charcoal Rot of soybean
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2016Co-Authors: Reznikov Sebastian, Vellicce, Gabriel Ricardo, Gonzalez Victoria, De Lisi Vicente, Castagnaro, Atilio Pedro, Ploper, Leonardo DanielAbstract:Charcoal Rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Mp) affects economically important crops around the world. In northwestern Argentina, the disease is present in seasons with dry and hot weather. Here, the efficacy of seed treatments with two biological products (Trichodermaviride or Bacillus subtilis) or one chemical treatment (thiophanate methyl + pyraclostrobin) were evaluated in the field to control Mp on two soybean cultivars in Tucumán, Argentina. In field tests, Mp was added to the soil at planting in the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing seasons. Plant emergence (PE) was reduced for both cultivars: 6.7 and 56.8 % for NA8000 RG and 12.5 and 61.3 % for Munasqa RR in 2010/2011 and 2011/2012, respectively. On a 1–5 disease severity scale, the inoculated control of NA8000 RG scored 2.5 and Munasqa RR 1.8 during the 2010/2011 season, and 3.6 for NA8000 RG, and 2.7 for Munasqa RR during 2011/2012. Likewise, Mp CFU/g values in the inoculated control increased during the 2011/2012 season: from 2100 to 2366 in NA8000 RG and from 300 to 566 in Munasqa RR. Crop yield and 1000-seed weight were also reduced by fungal infection. Although the treatments counteracted PE reduction in both genotypes, disease severity was higher in NA8000 RG than in Munasqa RR, coincident with the highest CFU/g values. The 1000-seed weight of the two cultivars did not differ significantly among treatments. The highest yields were obtained in chemically treated plots, followed by those treated with Trichoderma or Bacillus.Fil: Reznikov, Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; ArgentinaFil: Vellicce, Gabriel Ricardo. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; ArgentinaFil: González, Victoria. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; ArgentinaFil: de Lisi, Vicente. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; ArgentinaFil: Castagnaro, Atilio Pedro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; ArgentinaFil: Ploper, Leonardo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres; Argentin
Natalia A Peres - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cultivar selection is an effective and economic strategy for managing Charcoal Rot of strawberry in florida
Plant Disease, 2021Co-Authors: Juliana S Baggio, T E Seijo, J C Noling, Leandro G Cordova, Vance M Whitaker, Natalia A PeresAbstract:Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of Charcoal Rot, is a soilborne pathogen that affects strawberry crowns leading to plant wilt and collapse. Disease management involves a combination of ph...
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sources of inoculum and survival of macrophomina phaseolina in florida strawberry fields
Plant Disease, 2019Co-Authors: Juliana S Baggio, Leandro G Cordova, Natalia A PeresAbstract:Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of Charcoal Rot, affects strawberry crowns, inducing plant collapse. The fungus survives in the soil through the production of microscleRotia and is usually controlled by preplant fumigation of soil. However, in the 2016 to 2017 Florida strawberry season, even after soil fumigation, about 30% plant mortality still occurred in plastic-covered beds that were used for a second season and where crop residue (mainly old strawberry crowns) was disposed of between beds. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine if M. phaseolina can survive on strawberry debris over summer in Florida and if so, verify whether strawberry debris might act as a source of inoculum for new transplants. Crowns from the previous season were collected from commercial farms where Charcoal Rot had been reported, and M. phaseolina was recovered from all samples. In a research field, infected crowns were buried in the soil at different depths and retrieved every 2 weeks during the summer. After 8 weeks, M. phaseolina could be recovered at all depths. Moreover, inoculation of strawberry plants by drenching the soil, dipping roots, or spraying leaves with a M. phaseolina microscleRotial suspension from pure cultures or infected crowns produced symptoms with differences in incubation periods depending on cultivar susceptibility. Furthermore, infected crowns disposed of in the aisles between beds or buried next to new transplants of cultivars Strawberry Festival, Florida Beauty, and Winterstar induced Charcoal Rot, with the level of aggressiveness depending on the cultivar susceptibility and inoculum placement in the field.
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effect of formulations of allyl isothiocyanate on survival of macrophomina phaseolina from strawberry
Plant Disease, 2018Co-Authors: Juliana S Baggio, J C Noling, Leandro G Cordova, Manuel Chamorro, Gary E Vallad, Natalia A PeresAbstract:Management of Macrophomina phaseolina, causal agent of Charcoal Rot in many crops worldwide, including strawberry, has become more challenging since the phase out of methyl bromide (MeBr). The search for a fumigant equally effective as MeBr to control soilborne pathogens has been extensive. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a biofumigant recently registered in the United States, was evaluated at different rates, formulations, fumigant combinations, and application methods in the fall of 2014 and 2015 at two research facilities in Balm and Dover, FL. The efficacy of treatments was determined by evaluating the survival of M. phaseolina inoculum on infested corn-cob litter buried in bags 7.6 and 20.3 cm deep in the center, and 7.6 cm deep in the side, of plastic mulched raised beds. The biofumigant was shown to be more or as effective in reducing populations of M. phaseolina in the soil compared with standard fumigants, such as chloropicrin and 1,3-dichloropropene with chloropicrin. Thus, AITC is a promising biofumigant alternative for managing Charcoal Rot of strawberry, particularly in organic production systems, and should be evaluated for the management of other soilborne pathogens.
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efficacy of fumigant treatments and inoculum placement on control of macrophomina phaseolina in strawberry beds
Crop Protection, 2016Co-Authors: M Chamorro, T E Seijo, J C Noling, B De Los Santos, Natalia A PeresAbstract:Abstract Soil disinfestation is one of the main concerns of strawberry growers. The phased-out of methyl bromide (MeBr) and the lack of equally effective fumigants has increased the difficulty in controlling soilborne pathogens such as Macrophomina phaseolina, causal agent of Charcoal Rot. Soil fumigant treatments were tested in Dover, Florida during the 2012–13, 2013–14 and 2014–15 seasons. The treatments included MeBr as a standard and common alternatives such as chloropicrin (PIC), 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3D), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), potassium N-methyldithiocarbamate (Kpam) and sodium methyldithiocarbamate (Vapam). The efficacy of different fumigation rates and application methods was also investigated. Treatment effects were evaluated using scleRotia of M. phaseolina buried in bags 7.6 and 20.3 cm deep in the center of the bed, or 7.6 cm deep on the side of the bed (7.6 s). Additionally, strawberry crowns infected with M. phaseolina were buried 7.6 cm deep in the center of the bed during the 2012–13 and 2013–14 growing seasons. At the end of the 2013–14 and 2014–15 growing seasons, plant mortality and Charcoal Rot incidence (%) were also determined. Except for 1,3-dichloropropene:chloropicrin 39/60, most treatments were effective in reducing the colony forming units (CFUs) of M. phaseolina in buried bags or crowns buried at the center of the bed and reduced percent of Charcoal Rot incidence each season. Most treatments applied by shank produced similar reductions in inoculum levels at the center and sides of the bed, whereas drip treatments effectively reduced inoculum in bags buried at both depths in the center of the bed, but not at the side of the bed. Thus, one of the main problems of the current fumigants is poor distribution in the soil beds and strawberry growers should consider application methods that will achieve a more uniform distribution of the fumigants.
Asheesh K Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hyperspectral band selection using genetic algorithm and support vector machines for early identification of Charcoal Rot disease in soybean stems
Plant Methods, 2018Co-Authors: Koushik Nagasubramanian, Sarah Jones, Soumik Sarkar, Asheesh K Singh, Arti Singh, Baskar GanapathysubramanianAbstract:Charcoal Rot is a fungal disease that thrives in warm dry conditions and affects the yield of soybeans and other important agronomic crops worldwide. There is a need for robust, automatic and consistent early detection and quantification of disease symptoms which are important in breeding programs for the development of improved cultivars and in crop production for the implementation of disease control measures for yield pRotection. Current methods of plant disease phenotyping are predominantly visual and hence are slow and prone to human error and variation. There has been increasing interest in hyperspectral imaging applications for early detection of disease symptoms. However, the high dimensionality of hyperspectral data makes it very important to have an efficient analysis pipeline in place for the identification of disease so that effective crop management decisions can be made. The focus of this work is to determine the minimal number of most effective hyperspectral wavebands that can distinguish between healthy and diseased soybean stem specimens early on in the growing season for proper management of the disease. 111 hyperspectral data cubes representing healthy and infected stems were captured at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days after inoculation. We utilized inoculated and control specimens from 4 different genotypes. Each hyperspectral image was captured at 240 different wavelengths in the range of 383–1032 nm. We formulated the identification of best waveband combination from 240 wavebands as an optimization problem. We used a combination of genetic algorithm as an optimizer and support vector machines as a classifier for the identification of maximally-effective waveband combination. A binary classification between healthy and infected soybean stem samples using the selected six waveband combination (475.56, 548.91, 652.14, 516.31, 720.05, 915.64 nm) obtained a classification accuracy of 97% for the infected class. Furthermore, we achieved a classification accuracy of 90.91% for test samples from 3 days after inoculation using the selected six waveband combination. The results demonstrated that these carefully-chosen wavebands are more informative than RGB images alone and enable early identification of Charcoal Rot infection in soybean. The selected wavebands could be used in a multispectral camera for remote identification of Charcoal Rot infection in soybean.
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genetic architecture of Charcoal Rot macrophomina phaseolina resistance in soybean revealed using a diverse panel
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017Co-Authors: Sara M Coser, Alemu Mengistu, Arti Singh, R Chowda V Reddy, Jiaoping Zhang, Daren S Mueller, Kiersten A Wise, Tom W Allen, Asheesh K SinghAbstract:Charcoal Rot (CR) disease caused by Macrophomina phaseolina is responsible for significant yield losses in soybean production. Among the methods available for controlling this disease, breeding for resistance is the most promising. Progress in breeding efforts has been slow due to the insufficient information available on the genetic mechanisms related to resistance. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) enable unraveling the genetic architecture of resistance and identification of causal genes. The aims of this study were to identify new sources of resistance to CR in a collection of 459 diverse plant introductions from the USDA Soybean Germplasm Core Collection using field and greenhouse screenings, and to conduct GWAS to identify candidate genes and associated molecular markers. New sources for CR resistance were identified from both field and greenhouse screening from maturity groups I, II, and III. Five significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and putative candidate genes related to abiotic and biotic stress responses are reported from the field screening; while greenhouse screening revealed eight loci associated with eight candidate gene families, all associated with functions controlling plant defense response. No overlap of markers or genes was observed between field and greenhouse screenings suggesting a complex molecular mechanism underlying resistance to CR in soybean with varied response to different environments; but our findings provide useful information for advancing breeding for CR resistance as well as the genetic mechanism of resistance.