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Christopher R Helps - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The in vitro effects of proxymetacaine, fluorescein, and fusidic acid on real-time PCR assays used for the diagnosis of Feline herpesvirus 1 and Chlamydophila Felis infections.
Veterinary ophthalmology, 2011Co-Authors: Sergi Segarra, Kostas Papasouliotis, Christopher R HelpsAbstract:To investigate the possible inhibition of qPCR assays used for the diagnosis of ocular infections in cats by proxymetacaine, fluorescein, and fusidic acid, which are commonly used in veterinary ophthalmology. Fluorescein, proxymetacaine, and fusidic acid were tested for possible inhibition of a triplex qPCR assay designed to detect Chlamydophila Felis, Feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), and the feline 28S ribosomal DNA (28S rDNA) gene by comparing threshold cycle (C(t) ) values of samples with and without the three products. A second experiment was carried out to measure the effects of various dilutions of fusidic acid. No statistically significant differences were detected between the C. Felis, FHV-1, and 28S rDNA C(t) values with and without proxymetacaine or fluorescein. However, there was a statistically significant increase in FHV-1 (P < 0.01), C. Felis (P < 0.01), and 28S rDNA (P < 0.05) C(t) values when fusidic acid was used. When dilutions of fusidic acid were tested, the results revealed that only the 1:2 dilution caused a statistically significant increase (P < 0.01) in the FHV-1 Ct values. Proxymetacaine and fluorescein did not interfere with our qPCR assays for the detection of C. Felis and FHV-1. The presence of fusidic acid caused a small inhibitory effect of doubtful clinical significance. In vivo studies are required to establish the clinical relevance of this study and to confirm our findings. © 2011 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.
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the Chlamydophila Felis plasmid is highly conserved
Veterinary Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Ross Harley, Sarinder Day, Camillo Di Rocco, Christopher R HelpsAbstract:The presence of a plasmid in the Chlamydiaceae is both species and strain specific. Knowledge of the prevalence of the plasmid in different Chlamydia species is important for future studies aiming to investigate the role of the plasmid in chlamydial biology and disease. Although strains of Chlamydophila Felis with or without the plasmid have been identified, only a small number of laboratory-adapted strains have been analysed and the prevalence of the plasmid in field isolates has not been determined. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the plasmid in C. Felis-positive conjunctival and oropharyngeal clinical samples submitted for routine diagnosis of C. Felis by real-time (Q)PCR. DNA extracts from four laboratory-adapted strains were also analysed. QPCR assays targeting regions of C. Felis plasmid genes pCF01, pCF02 and pCF03 were developed for the detection of plasmid DNA. QPCR analysis of DNA extracts from C. Felis-positive clinical samples found evidence of plasmid DNA in 591 of 595 samples representing 561 of 564 (99.5%) clinical cases. Plasmid DNA was also detected by QPCR in laboratory-adapted strains 1497V, K2487 and K2490, but not strain 905. We conclude that the plasmid is highly conserved in C. Felis, and plasmid-deficient strains represent a rare but important population for future studies of chlamydial plasmid function.
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polymorphic membrane proteins 1 and 7 from Chlamydophila Felis are significant immunodominant proteins
Veterinary Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Ross Harley, B Catanese, Christopher R HelpsAbstract:Chlamydophila Felis is a common cause of conjunctivitis in cats. Greater understanding of C. Felis infection and immunity and identification of protective antigens will facilitate improved vaccine design. Chlamydial polymorphic membrane proteins (Pmps) represent a family of homologous proteins of likely importance in chlamydial infection and immunity. To identify immunogenic C. Felis Pmps, we generated recombinant C. Felis Pmps (rPmps) and used these to detect serum antibody reactivity against Pmps arising during C. Felis infection in cats. Sequencing of Pmp genes 1, 7, 13, 18, 19 and 20 from 3 laboratory strains of C. Felis (K2487, 1497V and Cello) and alignment with the Fe/C-56 genome revealed high genetic identity in Pmp genes between strains. PCR products lacking the predicted N-terminal signal sequence peptide and C-terminal domain were generated, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli prior to purification by nickel-agarose affinity chromatography. Serum samples from 4 cats collected up to 55 days post-inoculation with C. Felis (K2487) were analysed by western blotting and rPmp-specific ELISAs for evidence of serum antibody reactivity against each rPmp. Strong serum antibody reactivity against rPmps 1 and 7, and weak heterogeneous serum immunoreactivity against rPmps 13, 19 and 20, were detected from 14 to 21 days post-infection (dpi), peaking at 28-35 dpi and tending to plateau thereafter. No significant serum antibody reactivity was detected against rPmp18. This study provides the first evidence that C. Felis Pmps 1 and 7 are likely to represent immunodominant proteins and recommends investigation of their potential as serodiagnostic antigens and novel vaccine candidates.
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efficacy of pradofloxacin in cats with feline upper respiratory tract disease due to Chlamydophila Felis or mycoplasma infections
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: A Hartmann, Christiane Susanne Werckenthin, Christopher R Helps, Michael R Lappin, Katrin HartmannAbstract:Background: Upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) of cats is caused by a number of pathogens, including Chlamydophila Felis and Mycoplasma spp. For effective treatment of both infections, doxycycline and enrofloxacin are recommended, but adverse effects limit their use in cats. Hypothesis: That the fluoroquinolone pradofloxacin is effective against C. Felis and Mycoplasma infection in cats with URTD or conjunctivitis. Animals: Thirty-nine cats with signs of URTD or conjunctivitis. Methods: Placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Cats were randomly entered into 1 of 2 treatment groups: treated PO with either 5 mg/kg pradofloxacin q24h or 5 mg/kg doxycycline q12h for 42 consecutive days. Changes in health status and clinical scores were evaluated. The presence of C. Felis and Mycoplasma spp. was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR of conjunctival swabs, respectively. Results: At the beginning of the study, C. Felis and Mycoplasma spp. were detected in 23 and 20 cats, respectively. Cats of both groups responded rapidly with a marked improvement in clinical signs within the 1st week. During treatment with either drug, C. Felis DNA copy number declined quickly. Complete elimination of Mycoplasma spp. was achieved in both groups; however, whereas all cats receiving doxycycline eliminated C. Felis, 4 cats treated with pradofloxacin remained PCR-positive. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: This study demonstrates that both pradofloxacin and doxycycline have good efficacy against C. Felis and Mycoplasma spp., resulting in a marked improvement of clinical signs. However, C. Felis DNA remained in some cats after treatment with pradofloxacin, suggesting that infection might not have been eliminated.
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molecular characterisation of 12 Chlamydophila Felis polymorphic membrane protein genes
Veterinary Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Ross Harley, Yoshinao Azuma, K Egan, Tim Gruffyddjones, Alan Herring, Pam Howard, Mutsumori Shirai, Christopher R HelpsAbstract:Abstract A group of genes thought to encode members of the unique chlamydial polymorphic membrane protein (pmp) family were recently described in the Chlamydophila Felis genome. This study aimed to commence characterisation of a subset of 12 of these putative pmp genes by developing and using gene-specific real-time (Q)PCR assays to confirm their presence in a wide range of C. Felis field isolates and laboratory strains, and to look for pmp mRNA expression during in vitro infection. Sequencing of 525–698 base pair regions of pmp genes 7 , 9 – 11 , 13 – 20 for two laboratory strains of C. Felis and alignment with the published Fe/C-56 sequence found only a single nucleotide polymorphism present in pmp9 . Following the development of gene-specific (Q)PCR assays, analysis of genomic DNA extracted from 40 C. Felis field isolates and 4 laboratory strains found that all 12 pmp genes were represented in all cases. Reverse transcription (RT)-QPCR analysis of RNA extracted from cell cultures at 24 and 48 h post inoculation with 1 of 5 different strains of C. Felis detected transcripts for all 12 pmp genes at both time points. Analysis of the relative levels of pmp gene transcription suggested that down-regulation of the expression of multiple C. Felis pmp genes occurs between 24 and 48 h post inoculation. This study provides the first evidence that 12 of the putative pmp C. Felis genes are transcribed during in vitro infection, and shows that these genes are present in a large range of C. Felis field isolates and multiple passage laboratory-grown strains.
Katrin Hartmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of bacterial and viral organisms from the conjunctiva of cats with conjunctivitis and upper respiratory tract disease
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 2010Co-Authors: A Hartmann, Jennifer R Hawley, Christiane Susanne Werckenthin, Michael R Lappin, Katrin HartmannAbstract:A variety of pathogens are involved in conjunctivitis in cats. In this study, the prevalence of feline herpesvirus (FHV), Chlamydophila Felis, mycoplasmas, and aerobic bacteria on the conjunctival surface of cats with conjunctivitis and upper respiratory tract disease was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescent assay (IFA), and aerobic bacterial culture of ocular swabs. Forty-one cats were included of which 37 were found to be infected with an ocular organism. Single and multiple infections were present in 15 and 22 cats, respectively. FHV, mycoplasmas, and C Felis were detected by PCR in 11 (27%), 20 (49%), and 23 (56%) cats, respectively. IFA detected 10 cats as positive for C Felis. Mycoplasma Felis, Mycoplasma canadense, Mycoplasma cynos, Mycoplasma gateae, Mycoplasma lipophilum, and Mycoplasma hyopharyngis were identified by genetic sequencing. The most common aerobic bacteria cultured included Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species and Micrococcus species. The prevalence of mycoplasmas in cats with conjunctivitis was higher than previously reported, and four of the Mycoplasma species have not been described in cats so far.
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Chlamydophila Felis infection abcd guidelines on prevention and management
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 2009Co-Authors: Tim Gruffyddjones, Katrin Hartmann, Diane Addie, Sandor Belak, Corine Boucrautbaralon, Herman Egberink, T Frymus, Margaret J Hosie, Albert Lloret, Hans LutzAbstract:OverviewChlamydophila Felis is a Gram-negative bacterium and its primary target is the conjunctiva. The bacterium does not survive outside the host.Infection Transmission requires close contact between cats; ocular secretions are probably the most important body fluid for infection. Most cases occur in cats under 1 year of age. Chlamydophila Felis is the infectious organism most frequently associated with conjunctivitis.Disease signs Unilateral ocular disease generally progresses to become bilateral. There can be intense conjunctivitis with extreme hyperaemia of the nictitating membrane, blepharospasm and ocular discomfort. Transient fever, inappetence and weight loss may occur shortly after infection, although most cats remain well and continue to eat.Diagnosis PCR techniques are now preferred for diagnosing C Felis infection. Ocular swabs are generally used. In unvaccinated cats, antibody detection can be used to indicate infection.Disease management Tetracyclines are generally regarded as the antibioti...
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efficacy of pradofloxacin in cats with feline upper respiratory tract disease due to Chlamydophila Felis or mycoplasma infections
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: A Hartmann, Christiane Susanne Werckenthin, Christopher R Helps, Michael R Lappin, Katrin HartmannAbstract:Background: Upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) of cats is caused by a number of pathogens, including Chlamydophila Felis and Mycoplasma spp. For effective treatment of both infections, doxycycline and enrofloxacin are recommended, but adverse effects limit their use in cats. Hypothesis: That the fluoroquinolone pradofloxacin is effective against C. Felis and Mycoplasma infection in cats with URTD or conjunctivitis. Animals: Thirty-nine cats with signs of URTD or conjunctivitis. Methods: Placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Cats were randomly entered into 1 of 2 treatment groups: treated PO with either 5 mg/kg pradofloxacin q24h or 5 mg/kg doxycycline q12h for 42 consecutive days. Changes in health status and clinical scores were evaluated. The presence of C. Felis and Mycoplasma spp. was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR of conjunctival swabs, respectively. Results: At the beginning of the study, C. Felis and Mycoplasma spp. were detected in 23 and 20 cats, respectively. Cats of both groups responded rapidly with a marked improvement in clinical signs within the 1st week. During treatment with either drug, C. Felis DNA copy number declined quickly. Complete elimination of Mycoplasma spp. was achieved in both groups; however, whereas all cats receiving doxycycline eliminated C. Felis, 4 cats treated with pradofloxacin remained PCR-positive. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: This study demonstrates that both pradofloxacin and doxycycline have good efficacy against C. Felis and Mycoplasma spp., resulting in a marked improvement of clinical signs. However, C. Felis DNA remained in some cats after treatment with pradofloxacin, suggesting that infection might not have been eliminated.
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pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and its efficacy in comparison with doxycycline in the treatment of Chlamydophila Felis infection in cats with conjunctivitis
Veterinary Record, 2006Co-Authors: N Gerhardt, Bianka Schulz, C Werckenthin, Katrin HartmannAbstract:The concentrations of enrofloxacin were measured in the tears, saliva and serum of 14 cats with signs of upper respiratory tract infection and eight with no signs, after daily doses of 5 mg/kg. Enrofloxacin concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration of Chlamydophila Felis were found in the saliva and tears of the cats with and without signs of upper respiratory tract infection. In a prospective randomised clinical trial, the efficacy of enrofloxacin against C Felis infection in cats with conjunctivitis was compared with the efficacy of doxycycline. Twenty-five cats were randomly assigned to treatment with either enrofloxacin or doxycycline for 14 days; 15 of the cats tested positive for C Felis by an immunofluorescent antibody test on conjunctival swabs. The two treatment groups showed equal improvements in the clinical signs of conjunctivitis and C Felis infection status; in each group three cats were still C Felis antigen-positive after the 14-day course of treatment, indicating a persistent infection. No side effects were observed in the cats treated with enrofloxacin.
Michael R Lappin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of bacterial and viral organisms from the conjunctiva of cats with conjunctivitis and upper respiratory tract disease
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 2010Co-Authors: A Hartmann, Jennifer R Hawley, Christiane Susanne Werckenthin, Michael R Lappin, Katrin HartmannAbstract:A variety of pathogens are involved in conjunctivitis in cats. In this study, the prevalence of feline herpesvirus (FHV), Chlamydophila Felis, mycoplasmas, and aerobic bacteria on the conjunctival surface of cats with conjunctivitis and upper respiratory tract disease was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescent assay (IFA), and aerobic bacterial culture of ocular swabs. Forty-one cats were included of which 37 were found to be infected with an ocular organism. Single and multiple infections were present in 15 and 22 cats, respectively. FHV, mycoplasmas, and C Felis were detected by PCR in 11 (27%), 20 (49%), and 23 (56%) cats, respectively. IFA detected 10 cats as positive for C Felis. Mycoplasma Felis, Mycoplasma canadense, Mycoplasma cynos, Mycoplasma gateae, Mycoplasma lipophilum, and Mycoplasma hyopharyngis were identified by genetic sequencing. The most common aerobic bacteria cultured included Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species and Micrococcus species. The prevalence of mycoplasmas in cats with conjunctivitis was higher than previously reported, and four of the Mycoplasma species have not been described in cats so far.
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prevalence of selected infectious organisms and comparison of two anatomic sampling sites in shelter cats with upper respiratory tract disease
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 2008Co-Authors: Julia K Veir, Rebecca Ruchgallie, Miranda E Spindel, Michael R LappinAbstract:In order to describe the isolation rates of potential pathogens and to compare anatomic sampling site suitability, nasal and pharyngeal swabs were taken from cats with acute clinical upper respiratory disease in a humane society. DNA of feline herpesvirus-1 was amplified from 51 of 52 cats sampled, Mycoplasma species were cultured or detected by PCR in samples from 34 of 42 cats sampled for both culture and PCR, and Bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated from three of 59 cats sampled for aerobic culture. A single swab was positive for calicivirus and no swabs were positive for Chlamydophila Felis. Mycoplasma, Pasteurella and Moraxella species were all isolated from at least one cat in which no primary pathogen was identified. With the exception of B. bronchiseptica, which was detected in nasal swabs only, recovery rates for all suspect primary pathogens were comparable between sampling sites.
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efficacy of pradofloxacin in cats with feline upper respiratory tract disease due to Chlamydophila Felis or mycoplasma infections
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: A Hartmann, Christiane Susanne Werckenthin, Christopher R Helps, Michael R Lappin, Katrin HartmannAbstract:Background: Upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) of cats is caused by a number of pathogens, including Chlamydophila Felis and Mycoplasma spp. For effective treatment of both infections, doxycycline and enrofloxacin are recommended, but adverse effects limit their use in cats. Hypothesis: That the fluoroquinolone pradofloxacin is effective against C. Felis and Mycoplasma infection in cats with URTD or conjunctivitis. Animals: Thirty-nine cats with signs of URTD or conjunctivitis. Methods: Placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Cats were randomly entered into 1 of 2 treatment groups: treated PO with either 5 mg/kg pradofloxacin q24h or 5 mg/kg doxycycline q12h for 42 consecutive days. Changes in health status and clinical scores were evaluated. The presence of C. Felis and Mycoplasma spp. was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR of conjunctival swabs, respectively. Results: At the beginning of the study, C. Felis and Mycoplasma spp. were detected in 23 and 20 cats, respectively. Cats of both groups responded rapidly with a marked improvement in clinical signs within the 1st week. During treatment with either drug, C. Felis DNA copy number declined quickly. Complete elimination of Mycoplasma spp. was achieved in both groups; however, whereas all cats receiving doxycycline eliminated C. Felis, 4 cats treated with pradofloxacin remained PCR-positive. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: This study demonstrates that both pradofloxacin and doxycycline have good efficacy against C. Felis and Mycoplasma spp., resulting in a marked improvement of clinical signs. However, C. Felis DNA remained in some cats after treatment with pradofloxacin, suggesting that infection might not have been eliminated.
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prevalence of feline herpesvirus 1 Chlamydophila Felis and mycoplasma spp dna in conjunctival cells collected from cats with and without conjunctivitis
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2007Co-Authors: Heather C Low, Cynthia C. Powell, Jennifer R Hawley, Julia K Veir, Michael R LappinAbstract:Objective—To use PCR assays to determine the prevalence of feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1), Chlamydophila Felis, and Mycoplasma spp DNA in conjunctival cells collected from cats with and without conjunctivitis; to compare results of conventional and real-time fluorogenic PCR assays for amplification of FHV-1 DNA; and to determine whether copy numbers of FHV-1 DNA are correlated with conjunctivitis. Animals—55 cats with active conjunctivitis, 39 healthy cats that never had conjunctivitis, and 32 cats with a history of conjunctivitis that had been resolved for at least 3 months. Procedures—Samples were obtained by rolling cotton-tipped applicators on the ventral conjunctiva of awake cats treated topically with proparacaine. The DNA was extracted from the swab specimens and assessed in PCR assays to detect DNA of FHV-1 (fluorogenic PCR assay and conventional PCR assay), Mycoplasma spp (conventional PCR assay), and C Felis (conventional PCR assay). Results—Overall prevalence rates of FHV-1, C Felis, and Mycoplas...
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effects of dietary lysine supplementation in cats with enzootic upper respiratory disease
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 2007Co-Authors: David J Maggs, Michael R Lappin, Jane E Sykes, Philip H Kass, Heather E Clarke, Quinton R Rogers, Mark K Waldron, Andrea J FascettiAbstract:To determine the effectiveness of dietary lysine supplementation in cats with enzootic upper respiratory disease (URD), 50 cats were fed a ration containing 11 or 51 g lysine/kg diet for 52 days. Food intake, body weight, clinical signs, plasma amino acid concentrations and presence of Chlamydophila Felis or feline herpesvirus (FHV)-1 DNA within the conjunctival fornix were assessed. Food and lysine intake of both dietary groups decreased between days 17 and 22, coinciding with peak disease and viral presence. Mean disease score for cats fed the supplemented ration (0.94) was higher than for those fed the basal diet (0.21); however, this could be attributed to a small subset of male cats which demonstrated fighting behavior that may have contributed to stress within that cage. FHV-1 DNA was detected on 12 occasions in six cats receiving the supplemented diet and on one occasion in one cat fed the basal diet. C Felis DNA was never detected. Mean plasma arginine concentration was lower and plasma lysine concentration was higher in supplemented cats. Mean plasma arginine concentration declined throughout the study in both dietary groups. Data from the present study raise important questions but do not permit a definitive conclusion regarding the efficacy of dietary lysine supplementation in cats with enzootic URD.
A Hartmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of bacterial and viral organisms from the conjunctiva of cats with conjunctivitis and upper respiratory tract disease
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 2010Co-Authors: A Hartmann, Jennifer R Hawley, Christiane Susanne Werckenthin, Michael R Lappin, Katrin HartmannAbstract:A variety of pathogens are involved in conjunctivitis in cats. In this study, the prevalence of feline herpesvirus (FHV), Chlamydophila Felis, mycoplasmas, and aerobic bacteria on the conjunctival surface of cats with conjunctivitis and upper respiratory tract disease was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescent assay (IFA), and aerobic bacterial culture of ocular swabs. Forty-one cats were included of which 37 were found to be infected with an ocular organism. Single and multiple infections were present in 15 and 22 cats, respectively. FHV, mycoplasmas, and C Felis were detected by PCR in 11 (27%), 20 (49%), and 23 (56%) cats, respectively. IFA detected 10 cats as positive for C Felis. Mycoplasma Felis, Mycoplasma canadense, Mycoplasma cynos, Mycoplasma gateae, Mycoplasma lipophilum, and Mycoplasma hyopharyngis were identified by genetic sequencing. The most common aerobic bacteria cultured included Staphylococcus species, Streptococcus species and Micrococcus species. The prevalence of mycoplasmas in cats with conjunctivitis was higher than previously reported, and four of the Mycoplasma species have not been described in cats so far.
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Chlamydophila Felis infektion bei katzen
Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere Heimtiere, 2010Co-Authors: A Hartmann, K HartmannAbstract:Chlamydophila Felis ist ein bei Katzen weit verbreiteter Erreger, der bei bis zu 60% der Katzen mit Konjunktivitis oder Katzenschnupfen vorkommt. Die Verbreitung erfolgt nicht nur durch klinisch kranke Katzen; auch asymptomatische Trager scheiden den Erreger aus. Die Behandlung der Infektion ist insofern problematisch, als es sich haufig um Katzen handelt, die im engen Kontakt zu anderen infizierten Katzen leben, und somit die Gefahr einer permanenten Reinfektion besteht. Zudem mussen die verabreichten Antibiotika bestimmte Anforderungen erfullen, wie z.B. eine gute intrazellulare Wirksamkeit, da der Erreger obligat intrazellular vorkommt. Mit diesem Ubersichtsartikel sollen verschiedene Therapieschemata und Managementoptionen bei Katzen mit Katzenschnupfen beschrieben, verglichen und kritisch gegenubergestellt werden.
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treatment and management of Chlamydophila Felis infections in cats
Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe K Kleintiere Heimtiere, 2010Co-Authors: A Hartmann, K HartmannAbstract:Chlamydophila Felis ist ein bei Katzen weit verbreiteter Erreger, der bei bis zu 60% der Katzen mit Konjunktivitis oder Katzenschnupfen vorkommt. Die Verbreitung erfolgt nicht nur durch klinisch kranke Katzen; auch asymptomatische Trager scheiden den Erreger aus. Die Behandlung der Infektion ist insofern problematisch, als es sich haufig um Katzen handelt, die im engen Kontakt zu anderen infizierten Katzen leben, und somit die Gefahr einer permanenten Reinfektion besteht. Zudem mussen die verabreichten Antibiotika bestimmte Anforderungen erfullen, wie z.B. eine gute intrazellulare Wirksamkeit, da der Erreger obligat intrazellular vorkommt. Mit diesem Ubersichtsartikel sollen verschiedene Therapieschemata und Managementoptionen bei Katzen mit Katzenschnupfen beschrieben, verglichen und kritisch gegenubergestellt werden.
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efficacy of pradofloxacin in cats with feline upper respiratory tract disease due to Chlamydophila Felis or mycoplasma infections
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2008Co-Authors: A Hartmann, Christiane Susanne Werckenthin, Christopher R Helps, Michael R Lappin, Katrin HartmannAbstract:Background: Upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) of cats is caused by a number of pathogens, including Chlamydophila Felis and Mycoplasma spp. For effective treatment of both infections, doxycycline and enrofloxacin are recommended, but adverse effects limit their use in cats. Hypothesis: That the fluoroquinolone pradofloxacin is effective against C. Felis and Mycoplasma infection in cats with URTD or conjunctivitis. Animals: Thirty-nine cats with signs of URTD or conjunctivitis. Methods: Placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Cats were randomly entered into 1 of 2 treatment groups: treated PO with either 5 mg/kg pradofloxacin q24h or 5 mg/kg doxycycline q12h for 42 consecutive days. Changes in health status and clinical scores were evaluated. The presence of C. Felis and Mycoplasma spp. was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nested PCR of conjunctival swabs, respectively. Results: At the beginning of the study, C. Felis and Mycoplasma spp. were detected in 23 and 20 cats, respectively. Cats of both groups responded rapidly with a marked improvement in clinical signs within the 1st week. During treatment with either drug, C. Felis DNA copy number declined quickly. Complete elimination of Mycoplasma spp. was achieved in both groups; however, whereas all cats receiving doxycycline eliminated C. Felis, 4 cats treated with pradofloxacin remained PCR-positive. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: This study demonstrates that both pradofloxacin and doxycycline have good efficacy against C. Felis and Mycoplasma spp., resulting in a marked improvement of clinical signs. However, C. Felis DNA remained in some cats after treatment with pradofloxacin, suggesting that infection might not have been eliminated.
M. Holičková - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chlamydophila Felis in cats--are the stray cats dangerous source of infection?
Zoonoses and public health, 2011Co-Authors: Monika Halánová, L. Čisláková, Miloš Halán, Z. Sulinová, Alexandra Trbolova, Ľ. Páleník, Tatiana Weissova, Zuzana Kalinová, M. HoličkováAbstract:Summary Chlamydophila Felis is a causative agent of acute or chronic conjunctivitis, and pneumonia in cats. Natural transmission mostly occurs consequently to close contact with other infected cats, their aerosol and fomites. We have examined 93 cats with symptoms of acute or chronic conjunctivitis, from Kosice region in Slovakia, during the period of 2 years. Conjunctival samples were obtained from 55 domestic cats (59.14%) and 38 stray cats (40.86%). Of the total number of 93 examined animals, 42 cats were positive, which represents 45.16% overall positivity. Out of the 42 positive cats, 25 cats were stray and 17 positive cats were classified as domestic, which means that of 38 stray cats, 25 were positive (which represented 65.78% positivity) and of 55 domestic cats, 17 were positive (positivity was 30.90%). Our results showed that cats, especially stray cats, could be a dangerous source of chlamydiosis for humans.