The Experts below are selected from a list of 273 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Weidong Hao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Maternal Chlormequat chloride exposure disrupts embryonic growth and produces postnatal adverse effects
Toxicology, 2020Co-Authors: Bayindala Xiagedeer, Chenping Kang, Xiaohong Hou, Qianqian Xiao, Qi Zhang, Weidong HaoAbstract:We showed previously that Chlormequat chloride, a widely used plant growth regulator, could affect embryonic growth and growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis of rats. However, the potential effects of low dose Chlormequat chloride exposure during pregnancy on embryonic and postnatal growth and development remain unclear. To further assess the risk of Chlormequat chloride to human embryonic growth and postnatal health, we exposed maternal rats orally to the chemical during pregnancy at 5 mg/kg bw, a dose corresponding to the human acceptable daily intake (ADI) level set by World Health Organization (WHO), and determined the effects of Chlormequat on embryo growth and postnatal health. We found that Chlormequat chloride increased embryonic growth parameters, GH, and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) levels, but did not affect somatostatin and IGF-1 on gestational day (GD) 11. In the pups of postnatal day (PD) 7, we observed increased head length, decreased body fat percentage, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hyperproteinemia. In conclusion, maternal exposure to Chlormequat chloride during pregnancy disrupts the embryonic growth probably through its effects on growth regulators and even has adverse effects on postnatal health.
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Chlormequat chloride promotes rat embryonic growth and GH-IGF-1 axis.
Toxicology, 2019Co-Authors: Bayindala Xiagedeer, Chenping Kang, Xiaohong Hou, Qianqian Xiao, Weidong HaoAbstract:Abstract Chlormequat chloride, a plant growth regulator, is widely applied in agriculture because it can promote sturdier growth of the crops. In this research, we found that rat embryo growth on GD11 was inhibited in vitro at 50 μg/ml but promoted in vivo at 75 mg/kg.bw by maternal oral exposure. Therefore, the concentrations of Chlormequat chloride in the sera of the pregnant rats on gestation day (GD)11 were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) test to be 1.94 ± 0.023 μg/ml, 3.84 ± 0.080 μg/ml, and 7.08 ± 0.11 μg/ml, respectively, when the pregnant rats were orally exposed to Chlormequat chloride at 75, 137.5, and 200 mg/kg.bw. Hence, we performed WEC tests again and confirmed that the rat embryo growth in vitro was promoted by Chlormequat chloride at 5 μg/mL. The embryonic growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels were increased by Chlormequat chloride both in vitro and in vivo compared with the control ones. We concluded that Chlormequat chloride could elevate GH and IGF-1 levels in embryos and promote embryonic growth both in vitro and in vivo.
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Chlormequat chloride retards rat embryo growth in vitro
Toxicology in Vitro, 2016Co-Authors: Bayindala Xiagedeer, Yingjuan Liu, Weidong HaoAbstract:Chlormequat chloride is the most widely used plant growth regulator in agriculture to promote sturdier growth of grain crops by avoidance of lodging. Therefore, human exposure to Chlormequat chloride is very common, but its developmental toxicity has not been studied. Thus, we investigated the developmental toxicity of Chlormequat chloride by applying rat whole embryo culture (WEC) model, limb bud micromass culture and 3T3 fibroblast cytotoxicity test. Chlormequat chloride at 150μg/ml (0.93mM) retarded the rat embryo growth without causing significant morphological malformations and at 500μg/ml (3.1mM) caused both retardation and morphological malformation of the embryos. However, the proliferation and differentiation of limb bud cells were not affected by Chlormequat chloride at as high as up to 1000μg/ml (6.2mM) applied. This concentration of Chlormequat chloride did not affect the cell viability as examined by 3T3 fibroblast cytotoxicity test either, suggesting that cellular toxicity may not play a role in Chlormequat induced inhibition of rat embryo growth. Collectively, our results demonstrated that Chlormequat chloride may affect embryo growth and development without inhibiting cell viability.
J. H. Andersen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determination of Chlormequat in pig serum and sow milk by LC–MS/MS
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: M. E. Poulsen, H. B. Christensen, M. T. Sørensen, H. Leffers, J. H. AndersenAbstract:Chlormequat is a plant growth regulator widely used on cereals, and there is general concern that it may impair human fertility. A LC–MS/MS method for the analysis of Chlormequat in milk and serum was developed and validated in connection with an investigation on the effect of Chlormequat on pig reproduction. Validation of the method was based on recovery tests at three spiking levels, determined as double determinations and repeated at least four times. Samples were extracted with methanol–water–acetic acid, centrifuged, filtrated and determined by LC–MS/MS. The mean recoveries were in the range 80–110%, and the LOD was 0.2 ng/g for serum and 0.3 ng/g for milk. The values for repeatability and reproducibility were within 2/3 of the limits given by the Horwitz equation. Samples of pig serum (59) and sow milk (27) were analyzed using the method. Chlormequat was determined in four milk samples in the range of 0.4 ng/g to 1.2 ng/g and in all serum samples in the range of 0.2 ng/g−4.0 ng/g.
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determination of Chlormequat in pig serum and sow milk by lc ms ms
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: M. E. Poulsen, H. B. Christensen, M. T. Sørensen, H. Leffers, J. H. AndersenAbstract:Chlormequat is a plant growth regulator widely used on cereals, and there is general concern that it may impair human fertility. A LC–MS/MS method for the analysis of Chlormequat in milk and serum was developed and validated in connection with an investigation on the effect of Chlormequat on pig reproduction. Validation of the method was based on recovery tests at three spiking levels, determined as double determinations and repeated at least four times. Samples were extracted with methanol–water–acetic acid, centrifuged, filtrated and determined by LC–MS/MS. The mean recoveries were in the range 80–110%, and the LOD was 0.2 ng/g for serum and 0.3 ng/g for milk. The values for repeatability and reproducibility were within 2/3 of the limits given by the Horwitz equation. Samples of pig serum (59) and sow milk (27) were analyzed using the method. Chlormequat was determined in four milk samples in the range of 0.4 ng/g to 1.2 ng/g and in all serum samples in the range of 0.2 ng/g−4.0 ng/g.
Bayindala Xiagedeer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Maternal Chlormequat chloride exposure disrupts embryonic growth and produces postnatal adverse effects
Toxicology, 2020Co-Authors: Bayindala Xiagedeer, Chenping Kang, Xiaohong Hou, Qianqian Xiao, Qi Zhang, Weidong HaoAbstract:We showed previously that Chlormequat chloride, a widely used plant growth regulator, could affect embryonic growth and growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis of rats. However, the potential effects of low dose Chlormequat chloride exposure during pregnancy on embryonic and postnatal growth and development remain unclear. To further assess the risk of Chlormequat chloride to human embryonic growth and postnatal health, we exposed maternal rats orally to the chemical during pregnancy at 5 mg/kg bw, a dose corresponding to the human acceptable daily intake (ADI) level set by World Health Organization (WHO), and determined the effects of Chlormequat on embryo growth and postnatal health. We found that Chlormequat chloride increased embryonic growth parameters, GH, and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) levels, but did not affect somatostatin and IGF-1 on gestational day (GD) 11. In the pups of postnatal day (PD) 7, we observed increased head length, decreased body fat percentage, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hyperproteinemia. In conclusion, maternal exposure to Chlormequat chloride during pregnancy disrupts the embryonic growth probably through its effects on growth regulators and even has adverse effects on postnatal health.
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Chlormequat chloride promotes rat embryonic growth and GH-IGF-1 axis.
Toxicology, 2019Co-Authors: Bayindala Xiagedeer, Chenping Kang, Xiaohong Hou, Qianqian Xiao, Weidong HaoAbstract:Abstract Chlormequat chloride, a plant growth regulator, is widely applied in agriculture because it can promote sturdier growth of the crops. In this research, we found that rat embryo growth on GD11 was inhibited in vitro at 50 μg/ml but promoted in vivo at 75 mg/kg.bw by maternal oral exposure. Therefore, the concentrations of Chlormequat chloride in the sera of the pregnant rats on gestation day (GD)11 were determined by a high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) test to be 1.94 ± 0.023 μg/ml, 3.84 ± 0.080 μg/ml, and 7.08 ± 0.11 μg/ml, respectively, when the pregnant rats were orally exposed to Chlormequat chloride at 75, 137.5, and 200 mg/kg.bw. Hence, we performed WEC tests again and confirmed that the rat embryo growth in vitro was promoted by Chlormequat chloride at 5 μg/mL. The embryonic growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels were increased by Chlormequat chloride both in vitro and in vivo compared with the control ones. We concluded that Chlormequat chloride could elevate GH and IGF-1 levels in embryos and promote embryonic growth both in vitro and in vivo.
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Chlormequat chloride retards rat embryo growth in vitro
Toxicology in Vitro, 2016Co-Authors: Bayindala Xiagedeer, Yingjuan Liu, Weidong HaoAbstract:Chlormequat chloride is the most widely used plant growth regulator in agriculture to promote sturdier growth of grain crops by avoidance of lodging. Therefore, human exposure to Chlormequat chloride is very common, but its developmental toxicity has not been studied. Thus, we investigated the developmental toxicity of Chlormequat chloride by applying rat whole embryo culture (WEC) model, limb bud micromass culture and 3T3 fibroblast cytotoxicity test. Chlormequat chloride at 150μg/ml (0.93mM) retarded the rat embryo growth without causing significant morphological malformations and at 500μg/ml (3.1mM) caused both retardation and morphological malformation of the embryos. However, the proliferation and differentiation of limb bud cells were not affected by Chlormequat chloride at as high as up to 1000μg/ml (6.2mM) applied. This concentration of Chlormequat chloride did not affect the cell viability as examined by 3T3 fibroblast cytotoxicity test either, suggesting that cellular toxicity may not play a role in Chlormequat induced inhibition of rat embryo growth. Collectively, our results demonstrated that Chlormequat chloride may affect embryo growth and development without inhibiting cell viability.
M. E. Poulsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Determination of Chlormequat in pig serum and sow milk by LC–MS/MS
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: M. E. Poulsen, H. B. Christensen, M. T. Sørensen, H. Leffers, J. H. AndersenAbstract:Chlormequat is a plant growth regulator widely used on cereals, and there is general concern that it may impair human fertility. A LC–MS/MS method for the analysis of Chlormequat in milk and serum was developed and validated in connection with an investigation on the effect of Chlormequat on pig reproduction. Validation of the method was based on recovery tests at three spiking levels, determined as double determinations and repeated at least four times. Samples were extracted with methanol–water–acetic acid, centrifuged, filtrated and determined by LC–MS/MS. The mean recoveries were in the range 80–110%, and the LOD was 0.2 ng/g for serum and 0.3 ng/g for milk. The values for repeatability and reproducibility were within 2/3 of the limits given by the Horwitz equation. Samples of pig serum (59) and sow milk (27) were analyzed using the method. Chlormequat was determined in four milk samples in the range of 0.4 ng/g to 1.2 ng/g and in all serum samples in the range of 0.2 ng/g−4.0 ng/g.
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determination of Chlormequat in pig serum and sow milk by lc ms ms
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: M. E. Poulsen, H. B. Christensen, M. T. Sørensen, H. Leffers, J. H. AndersenAbstract:Chlormequat is a plant growth regulator widely used on cereals, and there is general concern that it may impair human fertility. A LC–MS/MS method for the analysis of Chlormequat in milk and serum was developed and validated in connection with an investigation on the effect of Chlormequat on pig reproduction. Validation of the method was based on recovery tests at three spiking levels, determined as double determinations and repeated at least four times. Samples were extracted with methanol–water–acetic acid, centrifuged, filtrated and determined by LC–MS/MS. The mean recoveries were in the range 80–110%, and the LOD was 0.2 ng/g for serum and 0.3 ng/g for milk. The values for repeatability and reproducibility were within 2/3 of the limits given by the Horwitz equation. Samples of pig serum (59) and sow milk (27) were analyzed using the method. Chlormequat was determined in four milk samples in the range of 0.4 ng/g to 1.2 ng/g and in all serum samples in the range of 0.2 ng/g−4.0 ng/g.
Renaud Bouvet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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suicide by self injection of Chlormequat trademark c5sun
Forensic Science International, 2016Co-Authors: Yacine Boumrah, Thomas Gicquel, Chloé Hugbart, Alain Baert, Isabelle Morel, Renaud BouvetAbstract:Chlormequat is a quaternary ammonium used as plant growth regulating agent. We report here the first suicide case involving a 45 year-old farmer man who intentionally self-injected C5SUN(®), containing Chlormequat and choline. An original liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry method (LC-HR-MS), using a hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer, was developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of Chlormequat in different biological matrices. Toxicological analyses of post-mortem samples highlighted the presence of Chlormequat in the blood (2.25mg/L) and the urine (4.45mg/L), in addition to ethanol impregnation blood (1.15g/L). The route of administration (subcutaneous injection) was confirmed by the detection of Chlormequat in the abdominal fat sample (Chlormequat: 10.04mg/g) taken from the traumatic injury location, as well as in the syringe found at the death scene, close to the victim's body. Based on the results of these post-mortem investigations, the cause of death was determined to be consecutive to cardiac dysrhythmia and cardiac arrest following Chlormequat self-injection.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Language: en
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Suicide by self-injection of Chlormequat trademark C5SUN(®).
Forensic science international, 2016Co-Authors: Yacine Boumrah, Thomas Gicquel, Chloé Hugbart, Alain Baert, Isabelle Morel, Renaud BouvetAbstract:Chlormequat is a quaternary ammonium used as plant growth regulating agent. We report here the first suicide case involving a 45 year-old farmer man who intentionally self-injected C5SUN(®), containing Chlormequat and choline. An original liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry method (LC-HR-MS), using a hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer, was developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of Chlormequat in different biological matrices. Toxicological analyses of post-mortem samples highlighted the presence of Chlormequat in the blood (2.25mg/L) and the urine (4.45mg/L), in addition to ethanol impregnation blood (1.15g/L). The route of administration (subcutaneous injection) was confirmed by the detection of Chlormequat in the abdominal fat sample (Chlormequat: 10.04mg/g) taken from the traumatic injury location, as well as in the syringe found at the death scene, close to the victim's body. Based on the results of these post-mortem investigations, the cause of death was determined to be consecutive to cardiac dysrhythmia and cardiac arrest following Chlormequat self-injection.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Language: en
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Suicide by self-injection of Chlormequat trademark C5SUN®
Forensic Science International, 2016Co-Authors: Yacine Boumrah, Thomas Gicquel, Chloé Hugbart, Alain Baert, Isabelle Morel, Renaud BouvetAbstract:Chlormequat is a quaternary ammonium used as plant growth regulating agent. We report here the first suicide case involving a 45 year-old farmer man who intentionally self-injected C5SUN®, containing Chlormequat and choline. An original liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry method (LC-HR-MS), using an hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer, was developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of Chlormequat in different biological matrices. Toxicological analyses of post-mortem samples highlighted the presence of Chlormequat in the blood (2.25 mg/L) and the urine (4.45 mg/L), in addition to ethanol impregnation blood (1.15 g/L). The route of administration (subcutaneous injection) was confirmed by the detection of Chlormequat in the abdominal fat sample (Chlormequat: 10.04 mg/g) taken from the traumatic injury location, as well as in the syringe found at the death scene, close to the victim's body. Based on the results of these postmortem investigations, the cause of death was determined to be consecutive to cardiac dysrhythmia and cardiac arrest following Chlormequat self-injection