The Experts below are selected from a list of 2442 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gaëlle Boudry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The level of protein in Milk formula modifies ileal sensitivity to LPS later in life in a piglet model
PLoS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Livie Chatelais, Isabelle Le Huërou-luron, Agnès Jamin, Christele Gras-le Guen, Jean Paul Lalles, Gaëlle BoudryAbstract:Background: Milk formulas have higher protein contents than human Milk. This high protein level could modify the development of intestinal microbiota, epithelial barrier and immune functions and have long-term consequences. Methodology/Principal findings: We investigated the effect of a high protein formula on ileal microbiota and physiology during the neonatal period and later in life. Piglets were fed from 2 to 28 days of age either a normoprotein (NP, equivalent to Sow Milk) or a high protein formula (HP, +40% protein). Then, they received the same solid diet until 160 days. During the formula feeding period ileal microbiota implantation was accelerated in HP piglets with greater concentrations of ileal bacteria at d7 in HP than NP piglets. Epithelial barrier function was altered with a higher permeability to small and large probes in Ussing chambers in HP compared to NP piglets without difference in bacterial translocation. Infiltration of T cells was increased in HP piglets at d28. IL-1b and NF-kappa B sub-units mRNA levels were reduced in HP piglets at d7 and d28 respectively; plasma haptoglobin also tended to be reduced at d7. Later in life, pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion in response to high doses of LPS in explants culture was reduced in HP compared to NP piglets. Levels of mRNA coding the NF-kappa B pathway sub-units were increased by the challenge with LPS in NP piglets, but not HP ones. Conclusions/Significance: A high protein level in formula affects the postnatal development of ileal microbiota, epithelial barrier and immune function in piglets and alters ileal response to inflammatory mediators later in life.
-
linseed oil in the maternal diet increases long chain pufa status of the foetus and the newborn during the suckling period in pigs
British Journal of Nutrition, 2010Co-Authors: Francine De Quelen, Gaëlle Boudry, Jacques MourotAbstract:organs. The main objective of the experiment was therefore to investigate fatty acid composition of tissues from Sows at the end of gestation and from piglets during the first week of postnatal life in response to maternal dietary linseed oil intake. Sows received either a lard (LAR)-based diet or a linseed oil (LSO)-based diet during gestation and lactation. Fatty acid composition was evaluated in Sow plasma, placenta and Milk, and in different tissues of piglets on days 0, 3, 7, 21 and 32. The LSO diet increased the proportions of n-3 PUFA and especially 22 : 6n-3 in the placenta. The carcass of LSO piglets at birth contained greater proportions of 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3. The LSO Sow Milk exhibited greater proportions of 18 : 3n-3 compared with the LAR Sow Milk. The piglets suckling LSO Sows had greater proportions of 18 : 3n-3, 20 : 5n-3 and 22 : 5n-3 in plasma and carcass. The proportions of 22 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3 were greater in the brain of LSO piglets than in that of LAR piglets during the suckling period. In conclusion, LSO in the maternal diet during gestation and lactation increases 22 : 6n-3 concentrations in the placenta and in the foetus carcass, and it maintains 22 : 6n-3 concentrations in the brain during the first week of postnatal life. n-3 PUFA: Maternal diet: Neonate: Fatty acid composition: Linseed The PUFA composition of the maternal diet during gestation and lactation can affect the composition of the foetus and the neonate (through the maternal Milk) (1,2) and, consequently, modulate the development of physiological functions. Indeed, PUFA, including n-6 and n-3 PUFA, are essential components in the cells of all tissues, and are required for normal growth and maturation of numerous organ systems in newborns. a-Linolenic acid (18 : 3n-3) and linoleic acid (18 : 2n-6) are the precursors of the n-3 and n-6 PUFA families, respectively. The metabolism of 18 : 3n-3 and 18 : 2n-6 by desaturation and elongation leads to a series of long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) including eicosapentaenoic acid (20 : 5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (22 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3) of the n-3 family, and arachidonic acid (20 : 4n-6) of the n-6 family (3,4) . These precursors cannot be synthesised by animals. Precursors and/ or LC-PUFA must therefore be supplied in the diet or through placental transport during foetal life. The n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio in the diet is crucial because of enzymatic competition between 18 : 2n-6 and 18 : 3n-3 for elongation and desaturation into LC-PUFA. An inadequate n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio may lead to an imbalance in the concentrations of n-6 LC-PUFA and n-3 LC-PUFA, and it may have consequences for the development of physiological functions. Neuringer et al. (5) showed that rhesus monkeys deprived of dietary n-3 PUFA during the prenatal and postnatal periods developed visual impairment. Moreover, an epidemiological study suggested that a high 18 : 2n-6 status of newborns at high risk of atopy was linked to allergy sensitivity (6) .
-
Linseed oil in the maternal diet increases long chain-PUFA status of the foetus and the newborn during the suckling period in pigs
British Journal of Nutrition, 2010Co-Authors: Francine De Quelen, Gaëlle Boudry, Jacques MourotAbstract:Linseed oil, being rich in 18 : 3n-3, represents an alternative source of n-3 PUFA in the maternal diet. However, little is known about the effect of this oil on the long chain n-3 PUFA composition of offspring, which are required for normal growth and maturation of numerous organs. The main objective of the experiment was therefore to investigate fatty acid composition of tissues from Sows at the end of gestation and from piglets during the first week of postnatal life in response to maternal dietary linseed oil intake. Sows received either a lard (LAR)-based diet or a linseed oil (LSO)-based diet during gestation and lactation. Fatty acid composition was evaluated in Sow plasma, placenta and Milk, and in different tissues of piglets on days 0, 3, 7, 21 and 32. The LSO diet increased the proportions of n-3 PUFA and especially 22 : 6n-3 in the placenta. The carcass of LSO piglets at birth contained greater proportions of 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3. The LSO Sow Milk exhibited greater proportions of 18 : 3n-3 compared with the LAR Sow Milk. The piglets suckling LSO Sows had greater proportions of 18 : 3n-3, 20 : 5n-3 and 22 : 5n-3 in plasma and carcass. The proportions of 22 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3 were greater in the brain of LSO piglets than in that of LAR piglets during the suckling period. In conclusion, LSO in the maternal diet during gestation and lactation increases 22 : 6n-3 concentrations in the placenta and in the foetus carcass, and it maintains 22 : 6n-3 concentrations in the brain during the first week of postnatal life.
-
Fatal effects of a neonatal high-protein diet in low-birth-weight piglets used as a model of intrauterine growth restriction
Neonatology, 2010Co-Authors: Agnès Jamin, Gaëlle Boudry, Isabelle Le Huërou-luron, Bernard Sève, Romain D'inca, Nathalie Le Floc'h, Alice Kuster, Jean-luc Orsonneau, Dominique Darmaun, Christele Gras-le GuenAbstract:Background: Although full-term infants suffering intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are routinely fed high-protein (HP) formulas to ensure catch-up growth, the effects of HP intake are poorly understood. An IUGR piglet model provides an opportunity to investigate these effects. Methods and Results: Twelve IUGR piglets were artificially fed HP formulas (50% more protein in comparison to Sow Milk) from the 2nd day of life (d2) until d28. Unexpectedly, all HP piglets developed poor growth, severe hypotonia and polypnea between d10 and d16. One third died spontaneously. This syndrome was investigated to understand its pathophysiology and to adopt a strategy to restore health. Blood and urine biochemistry and amino acid concentrations were investigated in 10 HP piglets and 8 piglets that were fed a normal-protein (NP) formula. In comparison to NP piglets, HP piglets showed significant hypokalemia (2.7 ± 0.6 vs. 3.6 ± 0.6 mmol/l; p < 0.01), hypophosphatemia (1.5 ± 0.2 vs. 3.0 ± 0.3 mmol/l; p > 0.01), hypercalcemia (3.0 ± 0.3 vs. 2.5 ± 0.2 mmol/l; p < 0.01), hyperammonemia (365 ± 4 vs. 242 ± 15 µmol/l; p < 0.05), elevated blood urea (6.5 ± 0.4 vs. 1.3 ± 0.4 mmol/l; p < 0.01) and elevated taurine concentrations (50.2 ± 8.5 vs. 17.7 ± 2.7 µmol/l; p < 0.01). Conclusions: These altered parameters indicated inadequate potassium and phosphorus dietary supplies in HP piglets. When the HP formula was supplemented with monocalcium phosphate and monopotassium phosphate (HP-sup), serum biochemistry was normalized in piglets fed this formula (n = 8). This experimental strategy restored growth in IUGR piglets fed HP-sup, without a toxic effect. The current findings suggest that use of an HP formula without a proportional increase in its phosphorus and potassium content induces pathology similar to the refeeding syndrome in IUGR piglets
Jacques Mourot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
linseed oil in the maternal diet increases long chain pufa status of the foetus and the newborn during the suckling period in pigs
British Journal of Nutrition, 2010Co-Authors: Francine De Quelen, Gaëlle Boudry, Jacques MourotAbstract:organs. The main objective of the experiment was therefore to investigate fatty acid composition of tissues from Sows at the end of gestation and from piglets during the first week of postnatal life in response to maternal dietary linseed oil intake. Sows received either a lard (LAR)-based diet or a linseed oil (LSO)-based diet during gestation and lactation. Fatty acid composition was evaluated in Sow plasma, placenta and Milk, and in different tissues of piglets on days 0, 3, 7, 21 and 32. The LSO diet increased the proportions of n-3 PUFA and especially 22 : 6n-3 in the placenta. The carcass of LSO piglets at birth contained greater proportions of 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3. The LSO Sow Milk exhibited greater proportions of 18 : 3n-3 compared with the LAR Sow Milk. The piglets suckling LSO Sows had greater proportions of 18 : 3n-3, 20 : 5n-3 and 22 : 5n-3 in plasma and carcass. The proportions of 22 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3 were greater in the brain of LSO piglets than in that of LAR piglets during the suckling period. In conclusion, LSO in the maternal diet during gestation and lactation increases 22 : 6n-3 concentrations in the placenta and in the foetus carcass, and it maintains 22 : 6n-3 concentrations in the brain during the first week of postnatal life. n-3 PUFA: Maternal diet: Neonate: Fatty acid composition: Linseed The PUFA composition of the maternal diet during gestation and lactation can affect the composition of the foetus and the neonate (through the maternal Milk) (1,2) and, consequently, modulate the development of physiological functions. Indeed, PUFA, including n-6 and n-3 PUFA, are essential components in the cells of all tissues, and are required for normal growth and maturation of numerous organ systems in newborns. a-Linolenic acid (18 : 3n-3) and linoleic acid (18 : 2n-6) are the precursors of the n-3 and n-6 PUFA families, respectively. The metabolism of 18 : 3n-3 and 18 : 2n-6 by desaturation and elongation leads to a series of long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) including eicosapentaenoic acid (20 : 5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (22 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3) of the n-3 family, and arachidonic acid (20 : 4n-6) of the n-6 family (3,4) . These precursors cannot be synthesised by animals. Precursors and/ or LC-PUFA must therefore be supplied in the diet or through placental transport during foetal life. The n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio in the diet is crucial because of enzymatic competition between 18 : 2n-6 and 18 : 3n-3 for elongation and desaturation into LC-PUFA. An inadequate n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio may lead to an imbalance in the concentrations of n-6 LC-PUFA and n-3 LC-PUFA, and it may have consequences for the development of physiological functions. Neuringer et al. (5) showed that rhesus monkeys deprived of dietary n-3 PUFA during the prenatal and postnatal periods developed visual impairment. Moreover, an epidemiological study suggested that a high 18 : 2n-6 status of newborns at high risk of atopy was linked to allergy sensitivity (6) .
-
Linseed oil in the maternal diet increases long chain-PUFA status of the foetus and the newborn during the suckling period in pigs
British Journal of Nutrition, 2010Co-Authors: Francine De Quelen, Gaëlle Boudry, Jacques MourotAbstract:Linseed oil, being rich in 18 : 3n-3, represents an alternative source of n-3 PUFA in the maternal diet. However, little is known about the effect of this oil on the long chain n-3 PUFA composition of offspring, which are required for normal growth and maturation of numerous organs. The main objective of the experiment was therefore to investigate fatty acid composition of tissues from Sows at the end of gestation and from piglets during the first week of postnatal life in response to maternal dietary linseed oil intake. Sows received either a lard (LAR)-based diet or a linseed oil (LSO)-based diet during gestation and lactation. Fatty acid composition was evaluated in Sow plasma, placenta and Milk, and in different tissues of piglets on days 0, 3, 7, 21 and 32. The LSO diet increased the proportions of n-3 PUFA and especially 22 : 6n-3 in the placenta. The carcass of LSO piglets at birth contained greater proportions of 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3. The LSO Sow Milk exhibited greater proportions of 18 : 3n-3 compared with the LAR Sow Milk. The piglets suckling LSO Sows had greater proportions of 18 : 3n-3, 20 : 5n-3 and 22 : 5n-3 in plasma and carcass. The proportions of 22 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3 were greater in the brain of LSO piglets than in that of LAR piglets during the suckling period. In conclusion, LSO in the maternal diet during gestation and lactation increases 22 : 6n-3 concentrations in the placenta and in the foetus carcass, and it maintains 22 : 6n-3 concentrations in the brain during the first week of postnatal life.
-
Lipogenic enzyme activities in subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle from neonatal pigs consuming maternal or formula Milk
Reproduction Nutrition Development, 2000Co-Authors: Vincent Gerfault, Jacques Mourot, Isabelle Louveau, Jean Le DividichAbstract:The influence of maternal and formula Milk on lipid metabolism was studied in 7-day-old pigs. Lipid content, fatty acid composition, lipogenic enzyme activities and expression of GLUT4 mRNA were determined in subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle from pigs that were bottle-fed formula Milk (F) or Sow Milk (SM), or were Sow-reared (SR). Bottle-fed pigs were isoenergetically fed and achieved similar daily body weight gain. SR pigs have a higher $(P < 0.05)$ body weight gain than bottle-fed pigs. Lipid content of adipose tissue was lower $(P < 0.05)$ in F than in SM and SR pigs. In muscle, lipid content did not differ significantly between groups. In adipose tissue, acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (CBX), fatty acid synthase (FAS), malic enzyme (ME), glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities and GLUT4 mRNA levels were higher $(P < 0.05)$ in SR than in bottle-fed pigs. In muscle, ME and G6PDH activities and GLUT4 mRNA were higher $(P < 0.05)$ in F than in SM and SR pigs; LPL was not detected. The present study indicates that lipogenic enzyme activities and GLUT4 mRNA expression are regulated differently in subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in the neonatal pig.
Charlotte Lauridsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effects of dietary hemp seed oil to Sows on fatty acid profiles nutritional and immune status of piglets
Journal of animal science and biotechnology, 2020Co-Authors: D Vodolazska, Charlotte LauridsenAbstract:The oil from industrial hemp seeds (Cannabis sativa) is an ideal source of stearidonic acid, which is a precursor fatty acid for the long-chained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. These fatty acids are important for neonatal development, health and immunity. Hemp seed oil has been investigated for the influence on human health, but research on the impact in pig nutrition is scarce. The aim of our research was to study the effect of dietary hemp seed oil relative to soybean oil to lactating Sows on the transfer of fatty acids to the off-spring and the effect on piglets’ immune and nutritional status. The fatty acid composition of the hemp seed and the soybean oil influenced the fatty acid composition of Sow plasma, colostrum and mature Milk. The highest proportion of C18:3n-3, C18:4n-3 and C20:4n-6 was obtained in mature Milk fat of Sows fed 5% hemp seed oil diet when compared to the other dietary fat sources (5% soybean oil or a 50:50 mix of hemp and soybean oil at 5%). The effect of dietary oil supplementation to Sows was reflected in the plasma fatty acids profile of piglets. Notably the proportion of C20:5n-3 and C22:5n-3 was the highest in plasma of piglets suckling Sows fed hemp seed oil-containing diets, whereas no C18:4n-3 could be detected hence indicating conversion of α-linolenic acid (ALA) and stearidonic acid (SDA) to the longer chained n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Dietary fat source also influenced number of born piglets, their weight gain during first week, plasma concentration of glucose and IgG, and haematological profile. The hemp seed oil resulted in direct maternal supply with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), especially ALA and SDA, and piglets were able to convert these fatty acids obtained via the Sow Milk intake to C20:5n-3 and C22:5n-3. Furthermore, some interesting effects of the 5% hemp seed oil was obtained with regard to piglet initial body weight gain and glucose, which could be of interest for further research, i.e., the capability of hemp seed oil to benefit piglets during early life.
-
the microbial community of the gut differs between piglets fed Sow Milk Milk replacer or bovine colostrum
British Journal of Nutrition, 2017Co-Authors: Annsofie Riis Poulsen, Charlotte Lauridsen, Nadieh De Jonge, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Jeppe Lund Nielsen, Nuria CanibeAbstract:The aim of this study was to characterise the gut microbiota composition of piglets fed bovine colostrum (BC), Milk replacer (MR) or Sow Milk (SM) in the post-weaning period. Piglets (n 36), 23-d old, were randomly allocated to the three diets. Faecal samples were collected at 23, 25, 27 and 30 d of age. Digesta from the stomach, ileum, caecum and mid-colon was collected at 30 d of age. Bacterial DNA from all samples was subjected to amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Bacterial enumerations by culture and SCFA analysis were conducted as well. BC-piglets had the highest abundance of Lactococcus in the stomach (P<0·0001) and ileal (P<0·0001) digesta, whereas SM-piglets had the highest abundance of Lactobacillus in the stomach digesta (P<0·0001). MR-piglets had a high abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in the ileal digesta (P<0·0001) and a higher number of haemolytic bacteria in ileal (P=0·0002) and mid-colon (P=0·001) digesta than SM-piglets. BC-piglets showed the highest colonic concentration of iso-butyric and iso-valeric acid (P=0·02). Sequencing and culture showed that MR-piglets were colonised by a higher number of Enterobacteriaceae, whereas the gut microbiota of BC-piglets was characterised by a change in lactic acid bacteria genera when compared with SM-piglets. We conclude that especially the ileal microbiota of BC-piglets had a closer resemblance to that of SM-piglets in regard to the abundance of potential enteric pathogens than did MR-piglets. The results indicate that BC may be a useful substitute for regular Milk replacers, and as a feeding supplement in the immediate post-weaning period.
-
effect of bovine colostrum feeding in comparison with Milk replacer and natural feeding on the immune responses and colonisation of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in the intestinal tissue of piglets
British Journal of Nutrition, 2015Co-Authors: Sugiharto Sugiharto, Annsofie Riis Poulsen, Nuria Canibe, Charlotte LauridsenAbstract:The present study investigated the effect of feeding bovine colostrum (BC) to piglets in comparison with feeding a Milk replacer (MR) and conventional rearing by the Sow on the intestinal immune system and number of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) colonising the intestinal tissue. Piglets (23-d-old) were allocated to one of the following four groups: (1) killed at the beginning of the experiment (Base); (2) separated from the Sow and fed BC (BC-fed); (3) separated from the Sow and fed a MR (MR-fed); (4) kept with the Sow (Sow-Milk). Blood was sampled on days 1 and 8, and faecal samples were collected on days 1, 3, 5 and 8. On day 8, piglets were killed and gastrointestinal digesta and intestinal segments were collected. The frequency of diarrhoea was found to be higher (P≤ 0·019) in MR-fed piglets than in BC-fed and Sow-Milk piglets. Piglets from the MR-fed group had the lowest lactic acid bacteria:haemolytic E. coli ratio (P treat= 0·064) in the faeces. The number of E. coli colonising the intestinal tissue was higher (P< 0·001) in piglets from the MR-fed group than in those from the BC-fed and Sow-Milk groups. Piglets from the Sow-Milk group had a higher (P= 0·020) mucosal IgG concentration than those from the MR-fed group, but did not exhibit any difference when compared with piglets from the Base and BC-fed groups. Piglets from the BC-fed group exhibited a reduced (P≤ 0·037) expression level of Toll-like receptor-4 in the intestinal mucosa when compared with those from the MR-fed and Sow-Milk groups. The expression level of IL-2 was higher (P≤ 0·051) in piglets from the MR-fed group than in those from the other treatment groups. In conclusion, feeding BC rather than MR to the piglets reduced the colonisation of intestine by ETEC and modulated the intestinal immune system, whereas no differences were observed in piglets fed BC and conventionally reared by the Sows.
-
dietary manipulation of the Sow Milk does not influence the lipid absorption capacity of the progeny
Livestock Science, 2007Co-Authors: Charlotte Lauridsen, Stefan Pierzynowski, Mette Skou Hedemann, Soren Krogh JensenAbstract:Abstract A control diet without supplemental fat and four diets containing 8% of coconut oil, rapeseed oil, fish oil or sunflower oil were fed to lactating Sows in order to investigate the lipid absorption capacity of their progeny in terms of pancreatic enzyme activity, hormonal regulation, and bile salt concentration. In addition, the effect of age was studied during the four week suckling period, and during a three week postweaning period, in which a standard weaner diet was fed to all piglets. It is concluded that fat source and level in the maternal diet plays a minor role in comparison to piglet age with regard to lipid absorption capacity of the progeny postweaning.
Isabelle Le Huërou-luron - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Short and long-term influences of intra-uterine growth restriction on muscle and adipose tissue properties and metabolic flexibility
2012Co-Authors: Florence Gondret, Marie-hélène Perruchot, Isabelle Louveau, Isabelle Le Huërou-luron, Marie-christine Pere, Louis LefaucheurAbstract:Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with several health problems throughout life. Our program aimed at investigating the mechanisms underlying adipose tissue and skeletal muscle development in IUGR pigs, a species of importance for meat industry worldwide and a broadly used biomedical model for adiposity. Pairs of piglets were chosen within litters to have either a medium or a small weight at different stages of gestation or at birth. Because of the hypothesis of a relationship between high-protein (HP) intake in IUGR children and their later adiposity, a subset of IUGR piglets was fed HP formula during suckling, whereas others received a control formula (AP) that mimicked the Sow Milk composition. In skeletal muscle, the ratio between adult fast and embryonic myosin heavy-chain isoforms was twofold lower in small fetuses than in their medium littermates at 2 days before birth, denoting a lower muscular maturity in IUGR animals. In subcutaneous fat, IUGR counteracted the normal fall of DLK1/Pref-1 expression during gestation, and blunted the temporal increase in expression levels of many differentiating and lipogenic genes; the differences between weight groups were exacerbated around birth. These differences were not associated with modifications in circulating concentrations of energy-producing metabolites between weight groups. The distribution of HP formula to IUGR piglets resulted in accelerated growth rate and in a temporary reduction in adiposity (until weaning) compared with piglets fed AP formula. This was associated with a decrease in the expression levels of genes related to glucose utilization and lipid anabolism in adipose tissues. In 160-day-old pigs having being fed HP formula, adipocytes were enlarged and their lipogenic rates were reduced. Thus, IUGR affects the temporal development of muscle and adipose tissue. Altogether, dietary strategies at different periods should be further tested to modulate stem cell lineage, tissue development and reinstating optimal growth trajectories.
-
The protein level of isoenergetic formulae does not modulate postprandial insulin secretion in piglets and has no consequences on later glucose tolerance
British Journal of Nutrition, 2012Co-Authors: Sophie Blat, Isabelle Louveau, Anne Morise, Anne Sauret, Katherine Macé, Isabelle Le Huërou-luron, Bernard SèveAbstract:Early postnatal nutrition is involved in metabolic programming, an excess of protein being suspected to enhance early growth and the propensity to later develop insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that excessive protein intake during the suckling period would overstimulate the endocrine pancreas in the short term and alter durably its maturation, contributing to the later disruption of glucose homeostasis. Normal-birth-weight and low-birth-weight piglets were fed isoenergetic formulae providing an adequate-protein (AP, equivalent to Sow Milk) or a high-protein (HP, +48 %) supply between 7 and 28 d of age and were fed a standard diet until 70 d of age. During the formula-feeding period, the HP formula did not modify postprandial insulin secretion but transiently increased fasting insulin and the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR, P < 0·05). Fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were restored to AP piglets' values 1 month after weaning. The structure of the endocrine pancreas was not affected by the protein content of the formula. The weight at birth had no major effect on the studied parameters. We concluded that a high-protein supply during the suckling period does not interfere with insulin secretion and endocrine pancreas maturation in the short term. It has no consequences either on glucose tolerance 1 month after weaning. The present study demonstrated that up-regulation of postprandial insulin secretion is not involved in higher growth observed in piglets fed a HP formula.
-
The level of protein in Milk formula modifies ileal sensitivity to LPS later in life in a piglet model
PLoS ONE, 2011Co-Authors: Livie Chatelais, Isabelle Le Huërou-luron, Agnès Jamin, Christele Gras-le Guen, Jean Paul Lalles, Gaëlle BoudryAbstract:Background: Milk formulas have higher protein contents than human Milk. This high protein level could modify the development of intestinal microbiota, epithelial barrier and immune functions and have long-term consequences. Methodology/Principal findings: We investigated the effect of a high protein formula on ileal microbiota and physiology during the neonatal period and later in life. Piglets were fed from 2 to 28 days of age either a normoprotein (NP, equivalent to Sow Milk) or a high protein formula (HP, +40% protein). Then, they received the same solid diet until 160 days. During the formula feeding period ileal microbiota implantation was accelerated in HP piglets with greater concentrations of ileal bacteria at d7 in HP than NP piglets. Epithelial barrier function was altered with a higher permeability to small and large probes in Ussing chambers in HP compared to NP piglets without difference in bacterial translocation. Infiltration of T cells was increased in HP piglets at d28. IL-1b and NF-kappa B sub-units mRNA levels were reduced in HP piglets at d7 and d28 respectively; plasma haptoglobin also tended to be reduced at d7. Later in life, pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion in response to high doses of LPS in explants culture was reduced in HP compared to NP piglets. Levels of mRNA coding the NF-kappa B pathway sub-units were increased by the challenge with LPS in NP piglets, but not HP ones. Conclusions/Significance: A high protein level in formula affects the postnatal development of ileal microbiota, epithelial barrier and immune function in piglets and alters ileal response to inflammatory mediators later in life.
-
Immediate and long term effects of a neonatal diet enriched in proteins on growth and adipose tissue development
2010Co-Authors: Ousseynou Sarr, Florence Gondret, Isabelle Le Huërou-luron, Agnès Jamin, Isabelle LouveauAbstract:The high protein content of formula offered to babies born with small weights is suspected to increase the risk of later obesity. This study examines the immediate and long term effects of neonatal diets differing in protein content on growth and adipose tissue features of pigs born with small birth weights. Piglets (10th percentile) were fed Milk-replacers formulated to mimic Sow Milk (AP, 4.4 g of protein/100 kcal) or provide an excess of proteins (HP, 6.2 g of protein/100 kcal) from day 2 to weaning (day 28). Ten piglets were killed at day 28. Others piglets (n = 25) were then offered ad libitum a high fat diet (12% fat) up to day 160. From birth to weaning, HP piglets had a greater daily weight gain (P < 0.05). Relative weight of perirenal adipose tissue, mean adipocyte diameters and specific activities of lipogenic enzymes in perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissues were lower (P < 0.05) in HP than in AP piglets at this age. Thereafter, growth performance did not differ between dietary groups. At day 160, percent body fat did not differ between HP and AP pigs. However, there was a trend towards greater proportion of enlarged adipocytes in perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissues of HP pigs. Moreover, basal rates of glucose incorporation into adipocytes were lower in HP than in AP pigs. In summary, our data clearly show that a high protein formula induced a temporary reduction in adipose tissue development and altered adipose tissue physiology in the long-term.
-
Fatal effects of a neonatal high-protein diet in low-birth-weight piglets used as a model of intrauterine growth restriction
Neonatology, 2010Co-Authors: Agnès Jamin, Gaëlle Boudry, Isabelle Le Huërou-luron, Bernard Sève, Romain D'inca, Nathalie Le Floc'h, Alice Kuster, Jean-luc Orsonneau, Dominique Darmaun, Christele Gras-le GuenAbstract:Background: Although full-term infants suffering intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are routinely fed high-protein (HP) formulas to ensure catch-up growth, the effects of HP intake are poorly understood. An IUGR piglet model provides an opportunity to investigate these effects. Methods and Results: Twelve IUGR piglets were artificially fed HP formulas (50% more protein in comparison to Sow Milk) from the 2nd day of life (d2) until d28. Unexpectedly, all HP piglets developed poor growth, severe hypotonia and polypnea between d10 and d16. One third died spontaneously. This syndrome was investigated to understand its pathophysiology and to adopt a strategy to restore health. Blood and urine biochemistry and amino acid concentrations were investigated in 10 HP piglets and 8 piglets that were fed a normal-protein (NP) formula. In comparison to NP piglets, HP piglets showed significant hypokalemia (2.7 ± 0.6 vs. 3.6 ± 0.6 mmol/l; p < 0.01), hypophosphatemia (1.5 ± 0.2 vs. 3.0 ± 0.3 mmol/l; p > 0.01), hypercalcemia (3.0 ± 0.3 vs. 2.5 ± 0.2 mmol/l; p < 0.01), hyperammonemia (365 ± 4 vs. 242 ± 15 µmol/l; p < 0.05), elevated blood urea (6.5 ± 0.4 vs. 1.3 ± 0.4 mmol/l; p < 0.01) and elevated taurine concentrations (50.2 ± 8.5 vs. 17.7 ± 2.7 µmol/l; p < 0.01). Conclusions: These altered parameters indicated inadequate potassium and phosphorus dietary supplies in HP piglets. When the HP formula was supplemented with monocalcium phosphate and monopotassium phosphate (HP-sup), serum biochemistry was normalized in piglets fed this formula (n = 8). This experimental strategy restored growth in IUGR piglets fed HP-sup, without a toxic effect. The current findings suggest that use of an HP formula without a proportional increase in its phosphorus and potassium content induces pathology similar to the refeeding syndrome in IUGR piglets
Francine De Quelen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
linseed oil in the maternal diet increases long chain pufa status of the foetus and the newborn during the suckling period in pigs
British Journal of Nutrition, 2010Co-Authors: Francine De Quelen, Gaëlle Boudry, Jacques MourotAbstract:organs. The main objective of the experiment was therefore to investigate fatty acid composition of tissues from Sows at the end of gestation and from piglets during the first week of postnatal life in response to maternal dietary linseed oil intake. Sows received either a lard (LAR)-based diet or a linseed oil (LSO)-based diet during gestation and lactation. Fatty acid composition was evaluated in Sow plasma, placenta and Milk, and in different tissues of piglets on days 0, 3, 7, 21 and 32. The LSO diet increased the proportions of n-3 PUFA and especially 22 : 6n-3 in the placenta. The carcass of LSO piglets at birth contained greater proportions of 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3. The LSO Sow Milk exhibited greater proportions of 18 : 3n-3 compared with the LAR Sow Milk. The piglets suckling LSO Sows had greater proportions of 18 : 3n-3, 20 : 5n-3 and 22 : 5n-3 in plasma and carcass. The proportions of 22 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3 were greater in the brain of LSO piglets than in that of LAR piglets during the suckling period. In conclusion, LSO in the maternal diet during gestation and lactation increases 22 : 6n-3 concentrations in the placenta and in the foetus carcass, and it maintains 22 : 6n-3 concentrations in the brain during the first week of postnatal life. n-3 PUFA: Maternal diet: Neonate: Fatty acid composition: Linseed The PUFA composition of the maternal diet during gestation and lactation can affect the composition of the foetus and the neonate (through the maternal Milk) (1,2) and, consequently, modulate the development of physiological functions. Indeed, PUFA, including n-6 and n-3 PUFA, are essential components in the cells of all tissues, and are required for normal growth and maturation of numerous organ systems in newborns. a-Linolenic acid (18 : 3n-3) and linoleic acid (18 : 2n-6) are the precursors of the n-3 and n-6 PUFA families, respectively. The metabolism of 18 : 3n-3 and 18 : 2n-6 by desaturation and elongation leads to a series of long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) including eicosapentaenoic acid (20 : 5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid (22 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3) of the n-3 family, and arachidonic acid (20 : 4n-6) of the n-6 family (3,4) . These precursors cannot be synthesised by animals. Precursors and/ or LC-PUFA must therefore be supplied in the diet or through placental transport during foetal life. The n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio in the diet is crucial because of enzymatic competition between 18 : 2n-6 and 18 : 3n-3 for elongation and desaturation into LC-PUFA. An inadequate n-6 to n-3 PUFA ratio may lead to an imbalance in the concentrations of n-6 LC-PUFA and n-3 LC-PUFA, and it may have consequences for the development of physiological functions. Neuringer et al. (5) showed that rhesus monkeys deprived of dietary n-3 PUFA during the prenatal and postnatal periods developed visual impairment. Moreover, an epidemiological study suggested that a high 18 : 2n-6 status of newborns at high risk of atopy was linked to allergy sensitivity (6) .
-
Linseed oil in the maternal diet increases long chain-PUFA status of the foetus and the newborn during the suckling period in pigs
British Journal of Nutrition, 2010Co-Authors: Francine De Quelen, Gaëlle Boudry, Jacques MourotAbstract:Linseed oil, being rich in 18 : 3n-3, represents an alternative source of n-3 PUFA in the maternal diet. However, little is known about the effect of this oil on the long chain n-3 PUFA composition of offspring, which are required for normal growth and maturation of numerous organs. The main objective of the experiment was therefore to investigate fatty acid composition of tissues from Sows at the end of gestation and from piglets during the first week of postnatal life in response to maternal dietary linseed oil intake. Sows received either a lard (LAR)-based diet or a linseed oil (LSO)-based diet during gestation and lactation. Fatty acid composition was evaluated in Sow plasma, placenta and Milk, and in different tissues of piglets on days 0, 3, 7, 21 and 32. The LSO diet increased the proportions of n-3 PUFA and especially 22 : 6n-3 in the placenta. The carcass of LSO piglets at birth contained greater proportions of 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3. The LSO Sow Milk exhibited greater proportions of 18 : 3n-3 compared with the LAR Sow Milk. The piglets suckling LSO Sows had greater proportions of 18 : 3n-3, 20 : 5n-3 and 22 : 5n-3 in plasma and carcass. The proportions of 22 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3 were greater in the brain of LSO piglets than in that of LAR piglets during the suckling period. In conclusion, LSO in the maternal diet during gestation and lactation increases 22 : 6n-3 concentrations in the placenta and in the foetus carcass, and it maintains 22 : 6n-3 concentrations in the brain during the first week of postnatal life.