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Ad Robson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cultivar variation in the effect of Chlorsulfuron in depressing the uptake of copper in wheat
Plant and Soil, 2000Co-Authors: C. Tang, Ad RobsonAbstract:The application of herbicides has induced symptoms of nutrient deficiencies under some circumstances. This glasshouse study examined the effect of Chlorsulfuron on the uptake and utilization of copper (Cu) in four cultivars of wheat plants ( Triticum aestivum L. cvs. Kulin, Cranbrook, Gamenya and Bodallin) on a Cu-responsive soil. Application of Chlorsulfuron depressed the concentration of Cu in wheat plants receiving either inadequate or adequate Cu. In plants with inadequate Cu supply, Chlorsulfuron increased the severity of Cu deficiency. Shoot weight was markedly decreased by Chlorsulfuron at all levels of Cu, through decreasing the number of tillers and the elongation of leaves. This decreased growth of shoots occurred prior to the effect on Cu concentration in tissues. The retranslocation of Cu in old tissues over time was unaffected by Chlorsulfuron. In all wheat cultivars, the decreased growth of shoots were correlated with the concentration of Cu in the youngest fully emerged leaf blade with critical levels of 1.6−1.7 at day 25 and 0.9−1.0 µg g^−1 d. wt. at day 60. The application of Chlorsulfuron tended to increase the critical level at day 25 but not at day 60. In addition, Kulin seems to be most, and Cranbrook least, sensitive to Chlorsulfuron. This sensitivity was associated with the sensitivity of the cultivars to Cu deficiency. It is suggested that Chlorsulfuron application induces Cu deficiency in wheat plants mainly due to effects on the uptake of Cu.
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The impact of Chlorsulfuron and diclofop-methyl on nutrient uptake by wheat.
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1993Co-Authors: Ld Osborne, Ad Robson, Dg BowranAbstract:The effect of the herbicides Chlorsulfuron and diclofop-methyl on nutrient uptake and utilization by wheat was examined in two glasshouse and one field experiment. In the glasshouse, Chlorsulfuron decreased shoot weight, root weight and root length. Phosphorus uptake was decreased by Chlorsulfuron, especially when combined with low phosphorus supply. Uptake of potassium was also decreased while uptake of nitrogen, calcium and magnesium was not affected. Under field conditions, Chlorsulfuron decreased concentrations of a range of elements in plant shoots during early growth by up to 30%. This effect faded with increasing plant age. Chlorsulfuron treatment did not decrease nutrient concentrations in mature grain or grain yield. The elements in order of decreasing sensitivity to Chlorsulfuron application were: macro-elements phosphorus, potassium > nitrogen, sulfur > calcium, magnesium and micro-elements zinc, copper > manganese > iron. There were differences in sensitivity to Chlorsulfuron treatment between cultivars; Kulin was more sensitive than Reeves. Diclofop-methyl application had little effect on nutrient concentration in plant shoots. Zinc and copper concentrations were reduced in vegetative growth, although only copper concentrations were reduced in mature grain of Kulin. The uptake of nutrients which principally move to plant roots by diffusion was decreased more by herbicides than the uptake of nutrients which principally move by mass flow. It is therefore likely that the herbicides are modifying the ability of roots to explore soil rather than decreasing absorption at the root surface.
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Duration of zinc uptake inhibition by Chlorsulfuron in wheat
Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 1992Co-Authors: Ld Osborne, Ad RobsonAbstract:The duration of inhibition of zinc uptake by Chlorsulfuron was examined in wheat plants in a glasshouse experiment. Chlorsulfuron decreased shoot weight, root weight and zinc uptake. Plants that were treated with Chlorsulfuron and adequately supplied with zinc partially recovered from root and shoot growth inhibition by 6 weeks and zinc uptake was recovering by 8 weeks. Plants that were seriously zinc deficient did not recover. In this experiment, potential grain yield was only reduced by Chlorsulfuron when zinc supplies were inadequate. It is suggested that the recovery of plants from zinc deficiency may be the result of two processes; hydrolysis of Chlorsulfuron with time removing constraints to root growth and functioning, and the release of root exudates from zinc deficient plants effective at mobilizing zinc from soil. In the field, Chlorsulfuron is only likely to induce zinc deficiency and reduce yield in wheat where supplies of this trace element are marginal for growth.
William H Vanden Born - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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herbicide Chlorsulfuron decreases assimilate transport out of treated leaves of field pennycress thlaspi arvense l seedlings
Plant Physiology, 1990Co-Authors: Hank D. Bestman, Malcolm D. Devine, William H Vanden BornAbstract:Treatment of field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) leaves with the herbicide Chlorsulfuron resulted in a decrease in the export of assimilate. Twelve hours after a spot application of 1 microgram, assimilate translocation was 70% of that in control leaves. In excised leaves treated with Chlorsulfuron the total amounts of sugars and free amino acids were 150 and 170%, respectively, of the amounts in control leaves, 30 hours after herbicide treatment. The amount of sucrose was 247% of that in control leaves. The increase in the concentration of sucrose in the Chlorsulfuron-treated leaves, combined with the absence of an effect of Chlorsulfuron on carbon dioxide fixation, suggests that the decrease in assimilate transport is not due to an effect on the synthesis of assimilates, but rather to an effect on their movement out of the leaves. Supplying branched-chain amino acids to the field pennycress seedlings prior to the application of Chlorsulfuron prevented the occurrence of the effects described.
Zdenko Rengel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Chlorsulfuron Reduces Extension of Wheat Root Tips in Low-zinc Solution Culture
Annals of Botany, 1998Co-Authors: Matthew S. Wheal, Zdenko Rengel, Robin D. GrahamAbstract:Root tip extension was used as a measure of wheat root response to exposure to the sulfonylurea herbicide Chlorsulfuron. Plants pre-grown in low-zinc (0.2 μmZnHEDTA) solutions were placed in a perspex chamber with nutrient solution on both sides of a partition separating the root tip from the rest of the plant. The root tip was exposed to different concentrations of Chlorsulfuron and observations were made during 22 h. Increasing the concentration of zinc in the solution around the root tip to 4 μmZnHEDTA did not alter root tip extension in the absence of Chlorsulfuron. Significant decreases in root growth after 22 h were obtained with concentrations of 120 μg Chlorsulfuron l−1and greater. Increasing the Zn concentration from 0.2 to 20 μmZnHEDTA in the nutrient solution around the root tip decreased control root growth but stimulated Chlorsulfuron-treated roots to extend at the same rate as Chlorsulfuron-free control plants. Adding Zn and Chlorsulfuron to the more mature root parts above the root tip partition did not significantly influence root tip extension. It is concluded that Chlorsulfuron inhibits wheat root growth and that increased Zn concentrations can alleviate or prevent the deleterious effects of Chlorsulfuron.
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Chlorsulfuron reduces rates of zinc uptake by wheat seedlings from solution culture
Plant and Soil, 1997Co-Authors: Matthew S. Wheal, Zdenko RengelAbstract:Wheat plants differing in zinc efficiency (Excalibur; Zn-efficient, Gatcher and Durati; Zn-inefficient) were grown in HEDTA chelate-buffered nutrient solution in controlled conditions and supplied with 0 or 40 μg Chlorsulfuron L-1 . Zinc uptake rates of 12-d-old plants were measured over 80 or 90 minutes using65 Zn added to nutrient solutions. Increasing the zinc concentration of the solution increased the rate of zinc uptake, while the percentage of zinc transported to shoots was decreased. Addition of Chlorsulfuron to uptake solutions for 90 minutes did not influence rate of zinc uptake or transport of zinc to shoots. Pretreating plants with Chlorsulfuron for 5 days decreased zinc uptake rates, but transport to shoots was proportionally increased. Three-day pretreatment with Chlorsulfuron was the minimum required for significant differences in uptake and transport of zinc to occur. Plants exposed to Chlorsulfuron for 3 days required a further 5 days of growth in Chlorsulfuron-free solutions before uptake rates recovered to control plant rates. It is concluded that Chlorsulfuron deleteriously but reversibly affects uptake of zinc across the plasma membrane after prolonged exposure.
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Effects of herbicide Chlorsulfuron on growth and nutrient uptake parameters of wheat genotypes differing in Zn-efficiency
Plant and Soil, 1995Co-Authors: B. Dong, Zdenko Rengel, Robin D. GrahamAbstract:Chlorsulfuron has been reported to induce and aggravate Zn and Cu deficiency in wheat when applied to crops grown on soils with low availability of these micronutrients. In the present study, the effect of Chlorsulfuron on the growth of three wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L., cvs Excalibur and Gatcher, and T. turgidum conv. durum (Desf.) McKay cv Durati) differing in zinc efficiency was examined in Zn-deficient sandy soil fertilised with 0 or 0.8 mg Zn kg-1 soil. Excalibur has previously been identified as the Zn-efficient genotype which can take up more Zn and has higher yield in soils with low plant-available Zn, while Gatcher and especially Durati are Zn-inefficient genotypes. Chlorsulfuron reduced the shoot dry weight but not root dry weight. Zn concentration and content in shoots and roots were reduced by Chlorsulfuron when applied with 0.8 mg Zn kg-1 soil. Copper concentration was reduced by Chlorsulfuron in roots but not in shoots. Chlorsulfuron reduced the growth rate of the third leaf, decreased the total length of roots (especially the length of fine roots with diameter ≤ 0.2 mm), and increased the average root diameter, more so in the Zn-inefficient genotype Durati than in the other two genotypes. Gatcher is the genotype most tolerant to Chlorsulfuron among the three wheat genotypes judged by its root system being less affected by Chlorsulfuron. Excalibur grew well at the three-leaf stage (growth rate of the third leaf was not significantly inhibited by Chlorsulfuron) but not better than Gatcher later because of inhibition of root growth by Chlorsulfuron. The results indicate that Zn-efficiency trait of plants may contribute to the tolerance to Chlorsulfuron but still there are other mechanisms involved. The reduced content of Zn or Cu may be a consequence of reduced growth of plant roots and alteration of root geometry or morphology because the net uptake rates (based on root surface area) of these micronutrients were not reduced by Chlorsulfuron.
Leys, Andrew Ross - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Studies on the Use of Herbicides for Control of Wild Garlic (Allium Vineale L.) in a Winter Wheat-Soybean Double Crop Rotation (Chlorsulfuron, Dpx T6376)
1Co-Authors: Leys, Andrew RossAbstract:124 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1984.The response of wild garlic (Allium vineale L.) to two sulfonylurea herbicides, Chlorsulfuron (2-chloro-N-(((4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide), and DPX T6376 (methyl-2-((((4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-(2-yl)amino)carbonyl)amino)sulfonyl)benzoate), was investigated. In field studies, although DPX T6376 was approximately three times more active than Chlorsulfuron, extremely low rates of either herbicide controlled wild garlic. DPX T6376 and Chlorsulfuron applied in April at 5 and 15 g ai/ha, respectively, reduced aerial and underground bulb production by 95%. In time of application experiments, Chlorsulfuron was applied preemergence, and postemergence, in early fall, late fall, early spring and late spring. All treatments reduced aerial and underground bulb production, but spring applications were much more effective than preemergence, or postemergence, fall applications. Application of Chlorsulfuron in mid to late April, when the old bulb reserves were exhausted, and the scape and new bulbs were rapidly developing, gave the best control of wild garlic.In controlled environment studies, plants grown from the aerial bulblets were more susceptible to Chlorsulfuron than plants grown from the larger soft offset bulbs. A non-ionic surfactant, or a crop oil concentrate, added to the spray solution, improved the performance of Chlorsulfuron. In a site of uptake experiment, wild garlic responded similarly to both herbicides. Application of either herbicide to the foliage, or to a combination of foliage and the soil, was more effective than application to the soil alone. Studies with foliarly applied ('14)C-labeled herbicides showed that Chlorsulfuron and DPX T6376 had similar absorption and translocation patterns. Small amounts of both herbicides were translocated to all plant parts, but the highest concentration outside the treated leaf occurred in the apical meristem.Soybeans, planted as a double crop after wheat, were severely damaged by soil residues remaining from Chlorsulfuron applied to the preceding wheat crop. When DPX T6376 and Chlorsulfuron were applied at equal rates to wheat, they caused similar damage to double crop soybeans. However, because DPX T6376 controls wild garlic at lower rates than Chlorsulfuron, it may be possible to double crop soybeans after wheat has been sprayed with DPX T6376.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD
Hank D. Bestman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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herbicide Chlorsulfuron decreases assimilate transport out of treated leaves of field pennycress thlaspi arvense l seedlings
Plant Physiology, 1990Co-Authors: Hank D. Bestman, Malcolm D. Devine, William H Vanden BornAbstract:Treatment of field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) leaves with the herbicide Chlorsulfuron resulted in a decrease in the export of assimilate. Twelve hours after a spot application of 1 microgram, assimilate translocation was 70% of that in control leaves. In excised leaves treated with Chlorsulfuron the total amounts of sugars and free amino acids were 150 and 170%, respectively, of the amounts in control leaves, 30 hours after herbicide treatment. The amount of sucrose was 247% of that in control leaves. The increase in the concentration of sucrose in the Chlorsulfuron-treated leaves, combined with the absence of an effect of Chlorsulfuron on carbon dioxide fixation, suggests that the decrease in assimilate transport is not due to an effect on the synthesis of assimilates, but rather to an effect on their movement out of the leaves. Supplying branched-chain amino acids to the field pennycress seedlings prior to the application of Chlorsulfuron prevented the occurrence of the effects described.
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Physiological basis for the different phloem mobilities of Chlorsulfuron and clopyralid.
Weed Science, 1990Co-Authors: Malcolm D. Devine, Hank D. Bestman, William H. Vanden BornAbstract:Foliar-applied clopyralid was translocated much more readily than Chlorsulfuron in the phloem of Tartary buckwheat plants. This result was not due to greater penet-ation of clopyralid into the treated leaf or to greater retention of Chlorsulfuron in the cuticle. Experiments with excised leaf disks indicated that Chlorsulfuron was taken up more readily by the leaf tissue and accumulated in the tissue to a higher concentration than clopyralid. Both herbicides eMuxed readily from the tissue after transfer to herbicide-free medium, indicating that the accumula- tion was not due to irreversible binding within the tissue. Chlorsulfuron (2.8 nmol) applied with 14C-sucrose re- duced 14C export from the treated leaf. Chlorsulfuron also reduced export of 14C following exposure of the treated leaf to 14C02 at 6, 12, or 24 h after herbicide application. This effect of Chlorsulfuron could be partially reversed by pretreating the plants with a combination of 1 mM valine, leucine, and isoleucine. In similar experiments clopyralid had no effect on assimilate transport. It is concluded that phloem translocation of Chlorsulfuron in sensitive species is limited by a rapid, indirect effect on phloem transport that reduces both its own translocation and that of assimilate. Nomenclature: Chlorsulfuron, 2-chloro - N - (((4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino) carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide; clopyralid, 3,6-di- chloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid; Tartary buckwheat, Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn. #3 FAGTA. Additional index words. Herbicide translocation, herbicide uptake, phloem translocation, cuticular penetration.