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Jay F Brunner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • baseline toxicity and stage specificity of recently developed reduced risk insecticides chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram to obliquebanded leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana harris lepidoptera tortricidae
    Pest Management Science, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ashfaq A Sial, Jay F Brunner
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Studies were designed to assess baseline toxicity of the two recently developed reduced-risk insecticides chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram to obliquebanded leafroller (OBLR), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), and to determine stage-specific effects of these products on OBLR, so that these new chemicals could be judiciously incorporated into IPM programs by targeting only the most susceptible stages of OBLR. RESULTS: Both chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram were highly effective against neonate OBLR larvae at much lower doses than conventional standard azinphosmethyl. Most of the mortality caused by spinetoram occurred during the 4 day exposure period, while significant delayed mortality was observed as a result of chlorantraniliprole treatment during the 7 day recovery period, indicating that chlorantraniliprole is a slower-acting compound compared with spinetoram. Unlike broad-spectrum predecessors, the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole significantly increased with larval age. Similarly, the toxicity of spinetoram increased as larvae grew from neonates to third instars. CONCLUSION: Chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram are highly effective against OBLR larvae, regardless of larval age. Incorporation of these reduced-risk chemistries into IPM programs for OBLR would lead to effective management of this pest in tree fruit systems. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

  • selection for resistance reversion towards susceptibility and synergism of chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram in obliquebanded leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana lepidoptera tortricidae
    Pest Management Science, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ashfaq A Sial, Jay F Brunner
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), is an economic pest of pome fruits throughout North America. Repeated applications of broad-spectrum insecticides have resulted in the development of resistance, cross-resistance and multiple resistance in this pest. Studies were conducted to determine the possibility of resistance evolution, stability of resistance and the effect of metabolic synergists on toxicity of new reduced-risk insecticides chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram in C. rosaceana. RESULTS: Larvae of C. rosaceana were selected for resistance to chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram in the laboratory. Significant levels of resistance to each insecticide were observed after 12 generations of selection. In the absence of selection pressure, susceptibility of a subset of larvae from both chlorantraniliprole- and spinetoram-selected populations reverted to preselection levels after five and six generations respectively, indicating that resistance to both chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram was unstable in C. rosaceana. In synergist bioassays performed after 12 generations of selection, S,S,S-tributylphosphoro trithioate (DEF) and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergized the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram respectively, suggesting the involvement of esterases in chlorantraniliprole resistance and the involvement of mixed-function oxidases in spinetoram resistance. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram could be incorporated into C. rosaceana resistance management programs by using rotational strategies. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry

  • Selection for resistance, reversion towards susceptibility and synergism of chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram in obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
    Pest management science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ashfaq A Sial, Jay F Brunner
    Abstract:

    Obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), is an economic pest of pome fruits throughout North America. Repeated applications of broad-spectrum insecticides have resulted in the development of resistance, cross-resistance and multiple resistance in this pest. Studies were conducted to determine the possibility of resistance evolution, stability of resistance and the effect of metabolic synergists on toxicity of new reduced-risk insecticides chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram in C. rosaceana. Larvae of C. rosaceana were selected for resistance to chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram in the laboratory. Significant levels of resistance to each insecticide were observed after 12 generations of selection. In the absence of selection pressure, susceptibility of a subset of larvae from both chlorantraniliprole- and spinetoram-selected populations reverted to preselection levels after five and six generations respectively, indicating that resistance to both chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram was unstable in C. rosaceana. In synergist bioassays performed after 12 generations of selection, S,S,S-tributylphosphoro trithioate (DEF) and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergized the toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram respectively, suggesting the involvement of esterases in chlorantraniliprole resistance and the involvement of mixed-function oxidases in spinetoram resistance. These findings suggest that chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram could be incorporated into C. rosaceana resistance management programs by using rotational strategies. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry.

  • biochemical characterization of chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram resistance in laboratory selected obliquebanded leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana harris lepidoptera tortricidae
    Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ashfaq A Sial, Jay F Brunner, Stephen F Garczynski
    Abstract:

    Neonate larvae of obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana, from a laboratory colony were exposed to two reduced-risk insecticides, chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram. After nine generations of selection, significant levels of resistance to each insecticide were observed. Biochemical assays were performed on third instars to determine potential resistance mechanisms. Enzyme assays indicated that esterase activity was significantly increased in the chlorantraniliprole-selected colony, whereas mixed-function oxidase levels were elevated in the spinetoram-selected colony as compared to the unselected colony. No difference in glutathione-S-transferase activity was seen in either of the insecticide-selected colonies. These results indicate the potential involvement of esterases and mixed-function oxidases as detoxification mechanisms responsible for resistance to chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram, respectively. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram are not detoxified by similar mechanisms and could therefore be incorporated into resistance management programs in tree fruit leading to sustainable management of C. rosaceana.

  • susceptibility of Choristoneura rosaceana lepidoptera tortricidae to two new reduced risk insecticides
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Ashfaq A Sial, Jay F Brunner, M D Doerr
    Abstract:

    The response of field-collected populations of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), to chlorantraniliprole, spinetoram, spinosad, and azinphosmethyl was assessed using a diet incorporation bioassay. Populations of obliquebanded leafroller were collected from nine orchards in Chelan, Douglas, Grant, and Okanogan counties of Washington. The neonates of the F1 or F2 generation were used in all assays. The parameters of probit regression lines were estimated and lethal concentration ratios were calculated for all populations compared with a susceptible laboratory population. Significant variation was detected in response to all four insecticides including chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram, which had never been used in the field, lethal concentration ratios were 3.9-39.7 for azinphosmethyl, 0.5-3.6 for spinosad, 1.2-5.3 for chlorantraniliprole, and 0.5-4.1 for spinetoram. Correlation analysis indicated possibility of cross-resistance between spinosad and spinetoram, which are both members of spinosyn class. The occurrence of low but significant levels of resistance against chlorantraniliprole and spinetoram in field-collected populations of C. rosaceana before their first field application indicates that the risk of resistance evolution against these two new reduced-risk insecticides exists. However, it is likely that these low levels of resistance can be managed if the insecticides are used judiciously in conjunction with sound resistance management programs. Implications of these results for developing and implementing resistance management strategies are discussed.

Murray B. Isman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • evaluation of the toxicity of 17 essential oils against Choristoneura rosaceana lepidoptera tortricidae and trichoplusia ni lepidoptera noctuidae
    Pest Management Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Cristina M Machial, Michael J. Smirle, Ikkei Shikano, Roderick Bradbury, Murray B. Isman
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: The obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana Harris, and the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni Hubner, are serious fruit and vegetable pests requiring multiple insecticide applications per year. To reduce non-target exposure to hazardous insecticides and to curb resistance development, alternative controls are required. Accordingly, a selection of 17 essential oils was screened against both lepidopteran pests, and the influence of azinphos-methyl resistance on essential oil toxicity to C. rosaceana was studied. RESULTS: Of the 17 essential oils screened, patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) and thyme oil (Thymus vulgaris L.) were selected for further testing against C. rosaceana, whereas patchouli oil, garlic oil (Allium sativum L.) and lemongrass oil (Cymopogon nardus L.) were selected for further testing against T. ni. LC50 and LD50 values confirmed that patchouli oil was the most toxic to C. rosaceana larvae, with LC50 = 2.8 µL mL−1 and LD50 = 8.0 µg insect−1. Garlic oil was the most toxic oil to T. ni larvae with LC50 = 3.3 µL mL−1 and LD50 = 22.7 µg insect−1, followed by patchouli oil and lemongrass oil. Azinphos-methyl-resistant leafrollers were 1.5-fold more tolerant to patchouli oil and 2.0-fold more tolerant to thyme oil. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results, patchouli oil and other essential oils have sufficient efficacy to be considered as components of an essential oil-based insecticide that targets these lepidopteran pests. Copyright © 2010 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

  • Evaluation of the toxicity of 17 essential oils against Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
    Pest management science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Cristina M Machial, Michael J. Smirle, Ikkei Shikano, Roderick Bradbury, Murray B. Isman
    Abstract:

    The obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana Harris, and the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni Hübner, are serious fruit and vegetable pests requiring multiple insecticide applications per year. To reduce non-target exposure to hazardous insecticides and to curb resistance development, alternative controls are required. Accordingly, a selection of 17 essential oils was screened against both lepidopteran pests, and the influence of azinphos-methyl resistance on essential oil toxicity to C. rosaceana was studied. Of the 17 essential oils screened, patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) and thyme oil (Thymus vulgaris L.) were selected for further testing against C. rosaceana, whereas patchouli oil, garlic oil (Allium sativum L.) and lemongrass oil (Cymopogon nardus L.) were selected for further testing against T. ni. LC(50) and LD(50) values confirmed that patchouli oil was the most toxic to C. rosaceana larvae, with LC(50) = 2.8 µL mL(-1) and LD(50) = 8.0 µg insect(-1). Garlic oil was the most toxic oil to T. ni larvae with LC(50) = 3.3 µL mL(-1) and LD(50) = 22.7 µg insect(-1), followed by patchouli oil and lemongrass oil. Azinphos-methyl-resistant leafrollers were 1.5-fold more tolerant to patchouli oil and 2.0-fold more tolerant to thyme oil. Based on these results, patchouli oil and other essential oils have sufficient efficacy to be considered as components of an essential oil-based insecticide that targets these lepidopteran pests.

Charles Vincent - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effects of kaolin on the composition of generalist predator assemblages and parasitism of Choristoneura rosaceana lep tortricidae in apple orchards
    Journal of Applied Entomology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Tara E Sackett, Christopher M Buddle, Charles Vincent
    Abstract:

    In three apple orchards, we tested how the hydrophilic kaolin clay particle film Surround WP affected the diversity of generalist arthropod predator assemblages in orchard foliage and the parasitism of the pest species Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (obliquebanded leafroller) (Lep., Tortricidae). In two orchards, kaolin was applied to orchard foliage once a week for 4 weeks, between mid-June and mid-July in 2004 and 2005. In the third orchard kaolin was applied to foliage twice over 2 weeks in June 2004. We quantified the proportion of larvae C. rosaceana parasitized, larval populations, and the relative abundance and assemblage composition of generalist predators (spiders and insects) in the orchards. Kaolin altered the species composition of the generalist predator assemblages and reduced the relative abundances of certain generalist predators, most notably jumping and crab spiders (Salticidae and Philodromidae), assassin bugs (Reduviidae), ants (Formicidae) and coccinellids (Coccinellidae). In contrast, the relative abundances of web-spinning spiders (Araneidae, Dictynidae, Theridiidae) were not affected. Kaolin did not affect the proportion of parasitized C. rosaceana larvae, which ranged from 24% to 47% in control and kaolin treatments, or the relative proportions of parasitoid taxa. The kaolin formulation did not affect the abundance of C. rosaceana larvae, but in one orchard, kaolin did reduce the abundance of the combined numbers of C. rosaceana and another tortricid pest, Argyrotaenia velutiana. Although kaolin does not affect parasitism of C. rosaceana, it significantly changes the composition of generalist predator assemblages in orchard foliage.

  • effect of kaolin on fitness and behavior of Choristoneura rosaceana lepidoptera tortricidae larvae
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2005
    Co-Authors: Tara E Sackett, Christopher M Buddle, Charles Vincent
    Abstract:

    The mechanisms by which kaolin, a clay particle film formulation, affects the fitness and behavior of larvae of obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), were investigated. Feeding experiments tested kaolin as a physical barrier versus a physiological toxin for larvae that consumed kaolin applied either to apple (Malus spp.) leaves or mixed in artificial diet. Behavioral experiments tested the effects of kaolin applied to apple leaves on neonate dispersal and leaf rolling by third and fourth instars. When larvae fed on apple leaves sprayed with kaolin, mortality and time to pupation of larvae increased significantly, whereas pupal mass significantly decreased. When larvae consumed kaolin mixed into an artificial diet, however, the effects on mortality, pupation time, and pupal mass were negligible. There may be minor physiological effects from consumption because male time to pupation was delayed for larvae fed diets containing the highest concentration of kaolin. In behavioral experiments, neonate larvae dispersed more quickly off plants covered with kaolin than control plants, and kaolin delayed the construction of leaf shelters by third and fourth instars. We showed that the effects of kaolin on C. rosaceana larvae are primarily physical, causing changes in dispersal and rolling behaviors and as a physical barrier to feeding.

  • predation upon the oblique banded leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana lepidoptera tortricidae by two aphidophagous coccinellids coleoptera coccinellidae in the presence and absence of aphids
    European Journal of Endocrinology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Eric Lucas, Charles Vincent, Sophie Demougeot, Daniel Coderre
    Abstract:

    Our goal has been to determine the effect of the presence of aphids on voracity (measured as number of prey eaten and biomass consumed) of Coccinella septempunctata L. and Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) feeding upon the oblique-banded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). For each coccinellid predator, treatments using a single prey species, with either 30 first instar C. rosaceana or 100 third instars Aphis pomi DeGeer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), were compared with two-prey treatments in which the two prey species were present simultaneously. For both predators, the total number of prey killed (total prey species pooled) and the total biomass consumed were significantly higher when both prey were pre- sent than in single-prey treatments. The voracity of C. septempunctata on C. rosaceana larvae was not affected by adding A. pomi, whereas that of H. axyridis declined; the voracity of both predators on A. pomi increased when C. rosaceana larvae were added. The preference for the aphids over C. rosaceana was confirmed for both coccinellid species.

  • Modified pheromone communication associated with insecticidal resistance in the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
    CHEMOECOLOGY, 2002
    Co-Authors: Johanne Delisle, Charles Vincent
    Abstract:

    This study reports on the impact of insecticidal resistance on the diel periodicity of the calling behaviour and pheromone production of different-aged virgin females of the obliquebanded leafroller (OBL), Choristoneura rosaceana . While both resistant (R) and susceptible (S) females initiated calling on the first night following emergence, the periodicity of the calling behaviour, as determined by the mean onset time of calling (MOTC) and the mean time spent calling (MTSC) over the first six nights of calling, differed between the two strains. R females started calling significantly later in the night. However, as the MOTC of R females advanced with age but did not do so in S individuals, the difference between strains was more pronounced in younger than older females. Furthermore, R females spent less time calling than S individuals. However, the MTSC increased as a function of age in both R and S females, so the difference between strains remained fairly constant for each night of calling. The major component of OBL sex pheromone, the Z11-14: Ac, determined at peak calling activity, significantly declined with female age. Overall, pheromone production was lower in R females than in S females, with the difference being more pronounced in younger than in older individuals. Thus, resistant females may have a lower mating success. The mating success of both R and S strain males did not vary with the number of previous matings acquired. With regard to males, although there was a significant decline in spermatophore size with successive matings, there was no significant difference between strains. However, R males are smaller and may be disadvantaged through female choice and/or may respond differently to pheromone source compared with S individuals. If the reproductive success of both sexes is affected, this may have a profound influence on the dynamics of insecticidal resistance in the presence or absence of selection in OBL populations.

  • Screening of Beauveria bassiana (Hyphomycetes) isolates against Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
    The Canadian Entomologist, 2002
    Co-Authors: Silvia I. Todorova, Daniel Coderre, Charles Vincent, Jean-charles Côté
    Abstract:

    Vingt-trois isolats de Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin provenant d'hotes et d'origines geographiques differents ont ete evalues en conditions de laboratoire pour determiner differents aspects de leur virulence contre des larves de troisieme stade âgees de 2 a 3 jours de la tordeuse a bandes obliques, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), un ravageur des vergers de pommiers, Malus domestica Borkhausen (Rosaceae), et de plusieurs autres cultures en Amerique du Nord. Soixante jours apres une submersion dans une solution contenant 10 7 conidies/mL, tous les isolats ont cause plus de 66 % de mortalites larvaire et pupale. Les isolats 14, 16, 1525, 2727 et 2990 ont cause la plus forte (80-89 %) mortalite des larves et des pupes de C. rosaceana. Par rapport au temoin, l'isolat 63 a augmente et l'isolat 44860 a diminue significativement le temps de developpement larvaire. Les isolats 37, 2727 et 2990 ont significativement fait diminuer le poids des pupes de C. rosaceana. Les isolats 139, 2727 et 2990 ont fait diminuer de facon significative le pourcentage d'adultes femelles qui ont emerges suite au traitement. En raison de leurs effets larvicides, et de leurs effets deleteres sur les pupes et les adultes femelles, les isolats 2727 et 2990 ont demontre le meilleur potentiel en tant que mycoinsecticide contre C. rosaceana.

Gary J R Judd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Mechanisms of pheromone communication disruption in Choristoneura rosaceana exposed to microencapsulated (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate formulated with and without horticultural oil.
    Journal of chemical ecology, 2008
    Co-Authors: A. H. Wins-purdy, Gary J R Judd, Maya L Evenden
    Abstract:

    Flight tunnel and electrophysiological assays with male Choristoneura rosaceana Harris (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were conducted to investigate the non-competitive mechanisms of communication disruption caused by microencapsulated (MEC) (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (3M MEC-LR) formulated with and without horticultural oil (Purespray Green). Male C. rosaceana were exposed for 1 h by resting on metal surfaces sprayed with either water, 2% oil in water, MEC-LR in water, or MEC-LR + 2% oil in water. In one experiment, sprayed surfaces were allowed to age up to 47 days in a laboratory fume hood prior to moth exposure to examine the effect of ageing on the disruptive efficacy of the formulations. In flight tunnel assays with calling females, males exposed to MEC or MEC + oil treatments for 1 h were significantly disrupted up to 1 h after exposure, and both treatments were effective for 47 days. Electroantennograms revealed no reduction in antennal sensitivity when measured 75 s after a 1-h exposure. Collectively, these results support habituation as a key mechanism of communication disruption for C. rosaceana exposed to the MEC formulations tested here. Male proximity to the pheromone-treated surfaces appears to be important in maintaining a disruptive effect as MEC treatments age and pheromone release rates decline. The addition of 2% oil increased the number of microcapsules deposited on sprayed surfaces and caused a moderate but significant increase in the disruptive effect of the MEC formulation. A better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie disruption by MEC formulations, and how an adjuvant like horticultural oil may enhance these mechanisms, may lead to improvements in this technology.

  • disruption of pheromone communication of Choristoneura rosaceana lepidoptera tortricidae using microencapsulated sex pheromones formulated with horticultural oil
    Environmental Entomology, 2007
    Co-Authors: A H Winspurdy, Gary J R Judd, Maya L Evenden
    Abstract:

    Abstract Sprayable, microencapsulated (MEC) sex pheromone formulations represent a promising tool for achieving mating disruption, yet often lack sustained effectiveness in the field, making repeated applications necessary. This study evaluated the impact of adding Purespray Green horticultural oil as an adjuvant to 3M MEC-LR, an MEC formulation of (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, on disruption of mate-finding behavior in Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) in small-plot trials in experimental apple orchards. Treatments consisting of MEC-LR in water, MEC-LR in water + 2% (vol:vol) Purespray Green, and a water control were applied to plots of apple using an airblast sprayer at a rate of 100 g of pheromone/ha. Disruption caused by foliar treatments was evaluated over a 7-wk period using mark-release recapture experiments in the field and concurrent bioassays in a flight tunnel. Disruption of orientation to 2-d-old, calling, virgin females was used as a measure of treatment effect in all experiments. Both pheromone...

  • Examining disruption of pheromone communication in Choristoneura rosaceana and Pandemis limitata using microencapsulated (Z)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate applied in a laboratory flight tunnel
    Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 2005
    Co-Authors: Gary J R Judd, Naomi C. Delury, Mark G T Gardiner
    Abstract:

    Pheromone-based mating disruption of lepidopteran pests (Tortricidae) of pome fruits using hand-applied dispensing systems has become standard management practice for many producers in western North America. Sprayable microencapsulated (MEC) pheromone formulations that enable the application of pheromone controls with other orchard sprays and assist in the development of multispecies matingdisruption systems are currently under development. Responses of male Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and Pandemis limitata (Robinson) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to calling females in clean air, and air treated with their major pheromone component (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc), released from a 3M sprayable pheromone formulation containing proprietary 3M Phase I microcapsules, applied at doses of 1,10, and 100 mg of active ingredient (ai) m -2 to the upwind end of a flight tunnel (equivalent to field rates of 10, 100, and 1000 g ai ha -1 ) were compared in laboratory flight tunnels. In both species, disorientation was found to be dose-dependent, because relative to male orientation to calling females in clean air, the orientation of male P. limitata was disrupted 23.3, 46.3, and 71.3%, and orientation by male C. rosaceana was disrupted 31.6, 37.7, and 45.8% by treatment doses of 1, 10, and 100 mg m -2 , respectively. Latency of male responses to calling females in a background of Z11-14:OAc relative to responses in clean air was also dose-dependent. Albeit short, the disruption lasted 26, 74, and 218 h in P. limitata and 30, 54, and 174 h in C. rosaceana at each application rate, respectively. Disruption by pheromone treatment was greater in P limitata than in C. rosaceana. This difference may be correlated with species' differences in the pheromone release rates of females. Mechanisms of disruption invoked by this 3M MEC pheromone formulation are discussed in relation to issues of its longevity and observed differences in the effects against the two species. It appears possible to evaluate relative activity of MEC pheromones in a laboratory setting which may aid in development of new formulations for mating disruption.

  • examining disruption of pheromone communication in Choristoneura rosaceana and pandemis limitata using microencapsulated z 11 tetradecenyl acetate applied in a laboratory flight tunnel
    Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2005
    Co-Authors: Gary J R Judd, Naomi C. Delury, Mark G T Gardiner
    Abstract:

    Pheromone-based mating disruption of lepidopteran pests (Tortricidae) of pome fruits using hand-applied dispensing systems has become standard management practice for many producers in western North America. Sprayable microencapsulated (MEC) pheromone formulations that enable the application of pheromone controls with other orchard sprays and assist in the development of multispecies matingdisruption systems are currently under development. Responses of male Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and Pandemis limitata (Robinson) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to calling females in clean air, and air treated with their major pheromone component (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc), released from a 3M sprayable pheromone formulation containing proprietary 3M Phase I microcapsules, applied at doses of 1,10, and 100 mg of active ingredient (ai) m -2 to the upwind end of a flight tunnel (equivalent to field rates of 10, 100, and 1000 g ai ha -1 ) were compared in laboratory flight tunnels. In both species, disorientation was found to be dose-dependent, because relative to male orientation to calling females in clean air, the orientation of male P. limitata was disrupted 23.3, 46.3, and 71.3%, and orientation by male C. rosaceana was disrupted 31.6, 37.7, and 45.8% by treatment doses of 1, 10, and 100 mg m -2 , respectively. Latency of male responses to calling females in a background of Z11-14:OAc relative to responses in clean air was also dose-dependent. Albeit short, the disruption lasted 26, 74, and 218 h in P. limitata and 30, 54, and 174 h in C. rosaceana at each application rate, respectively. Disruption by pheromone treatment was greater in P limitata than in C. rosaceana. This difference may be correlated with species' differences in the pheromone release rates of females. Mechanisms of disruption invoked by this 3M MEC pheromone formulation are discussed in relation to issues of its longevity and observed differences in the effects against the two species. It appears possible to evaluate relative activity of MEC pheromones in a laboratory setting which may aid in development of new formulations for mating disruption.

  • simultaneous disruption of pheromone communication and mating in cydia pomonella Choristoneura rosaceana and pandemis limitata lepidoptera tortricidae using isomate cm lr in apple orchards
    Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 2004
    Co-Authors: Gary J R Judd, Mark G T Gardiner
    Abstract:

    Simultaneous disruption of pheromone communication and mating of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L), and four leafroller (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae) species, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), Pandemis limitata (Robinson), Archips rosanus (L.) and Archips argyrospilus (Walker ) using an incomplete mixture of their individual pheromone components was studied in organic apple orchards, in Cawston, BC, 1997. Multi-species disruption with a single 500 'rope' dispenser / ha application of Isomate-CM/LR was compared to a single 500 dispenser / ha application of Isomate-C. Season-long disruption was assessed using synthetic pheromone traps and laboratory-reared females in mating tables. Mean seasonal recaptures of sterile male C. pomonella , using 10 mg codlemone lures in orchards receiving releases of 1000 males / ha / week, were not significantly different in half-orchard plots (0.5 - 1 ha) of Isomate-CM/LR or Isomate-C. Mating of C. pomonella in Isomate-C- and Isomate-CM/LR-treated plots was negligible. Isomate-CM/LR significantly reduced catches of C. rosaceana and P. limitata relative to catches in Isomate-C-treated plots. Few A. rosanus and no A. argyrospilus were caught in any orchard. Mating of C. rosaceana and P. limitata in Isomate-CM/LR treated plots was significantly less than in Isomate-C-treated plots. Our results indicate Isomate-CM/LR will disrupt mating of C. pomonella equivalent to Isomate-C and may provide sufficient disruption of leafrollers to supplement biological control in organic orchards. Further studies are needed to show impacts of mating disruption on leafroller populations and damage when applied to larger areas and for several seasons sequentially.

Brunner, Jay F. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Control de machos de Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) y Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) en huertos de manzanos del Estado de Washington (EE.UU.) tratados con diferentes densidades de varias formulaciones atracticidas
    Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, 2013
    Co-Authors: Curkovic Tomislav, Brunner, Jay F.
    Abstract:

    This is the first report on attracticides loaded with 1.6 or 16% pheromone, with or without 6% permethrin, tested for Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott male control. Different densities of attracticide sources (750-3,600 droplets ha-1) homogeneously applied on the canopy were compared in apple (Malus pumila Mill.) orchards. Before attracticide application, no differences in male captures using pheromone baited trap were observed. Afterwards, a significant reduction of captures occurred along with the increasing pheromone concentration, when larger density sources were used. The addition of permethrin into the attracticide formulation, however, did not significantly improve the reduction of males. Overall, these results suggest that mating disruption or other mechanism, instead of the killing effect attributed to attracticides, controlled males. The attracticide formulations matrix reported is suggested to be tested as an alternative to the current ones used for mating disruption. It is suggested to test the attracticide formulation matrix reported as an alternative to the current ones used for mating distuption.Éste es el primer informe del control de machos de Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) y Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott con atracticidas que contengan 1,6 ó 16% de feromona, con o sin permetrina al 6%. Se compararon diferentes densidades de atracticidas (750-3.600 gotas ha-1), aplicadas homogéneamente en la copa de los manzanos (Malus pumila Mill.). Antes de los tratamientos no se observaron diferencias estadísticas en las capturas en trampas cebadas con feromona. Después de aplicar los tratamientos, se observó una reducción significativa en las capturas, al usar mayores concentraciones de feromona y mayores densidades de gotas por hectárea. La incorporación de permetrina en la formulación atracticida no mejoró su actividad en el control de machos. En general, los resultados sugieren que un efecto similar a la confusión de cópula, en lugar de un efecto letal atribuible al atracticida, o bien otro mecanismo, controló a los machos de estas especies. La matriz grasosa usada en la formulación atracticida se sugiere como una alternativa para ser probada respecto de las formulaciones actualmente usadas para confusión de cópula

  • Toxicidad de Atracticidas en Base a Permetrina Envejecidos en Campo, sobre Machos y Hembras Adultas de Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
    Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, 2009
    Co-Authors: Curkovic Tomislav, Brunner, Jay F., Brown, John J.
    Abstract:

    Lethal and sub lethal effects were evaluated in the laboratory on Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott males exposed to an attracticide loaded with permethrin and aged in the field. The effect of pairing conspecific females with previously intoxicated males was also evaluated. In both species a significantly greater mortality of male moths (≥ 95%) was observed 24 h after exposure to t he attracticide formulation. Likewise, high levels of knock down (≥ 75%) were observed in males of both species 1 h after attracticide exposure. In females, knock down was ≥ 2.5% and mortality ≥ 3.3% after pairing with intoxicated males. Leg autotomy in males was at least 73% in C. rosaceana and ≥ 41% in P. pyrusana, 24 h after attracticide exposure; whereas it was only ≥ 10% among females of both species after pairing with intoxicated males. Moths exposed to an attracticide blank (permethrin-free) showed significantly lower effects in all parameters (0-3.3%). Fecundity and fertility were also significantly affected after pairing females with intoxicated males. There was no significant decrease in mortality, leg autotomy, and fecundity associated with age of the attracticide. Results suggest a high potential for the use of attracticides against these two tortricid species.Los efectos letales y subletales sobre machos de Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott expuestos a un atracticida basado en permetrina, envejecido en condiciones de campo, fueron evaluados en laboratorio. También se evaluó el efecto de emparejar hembras conespecíficas con machos previamente intoxicados. En ambas especies se observó mortalidad de machos significativamente mayor (≥ 95%) 24 h post exposición al atracticida. Asimismo, altos niveles de “volteo” de individuos (≥ 75%) se observaron en machos de ambas especies 1 h post exposición al atracticida. En hembras, el nivel de “volteo” fue ≥ 2,5% y la mortalidad ≥ 3,3% luego del emparejamiento con machos intoxicados. Veinticuatro h post exposición el nivel de auto amputación de patas en machos expuestos al atracticida fue al menos 73% en C. rosaceana y ≥ 41% en P. pyrusana, mientras que fue ≥ 10% entre hembras de ambas especies luego del emparejamiento con machos intoxicados. Las polillas expuestas a un atracticida “blanco” (sin permetrina) mostraron niveles significativamente menores en todos los parámetros evaluados (0-3,3%). La fecundidad y fertilidad también fueron significativamente afectadas por el emparejamiento con machos intoxicados. No se observó una reducción significativa en la mortalidad, auto-amputación de patas ni en la fecundidad asociada al tiempo que fue envejecido el atracticida. Los resultados sugieren un alto potencial para el uso de atracticidas contra estas dos especies de tortrícidos

  • Control de machos de Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) y Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) en huertos de manzanos del Estado de Washington (EE.UU.) tratados con diferentes densidades de varias formulaciones atracticidas.
    Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, 2007
    Co-Authors: Curkovic T., Brunner, Jay F.
    Abstract:

    This is the first report on attracticides loaded with 1.6 or 16% pheromone, with or without 6% permethrin, tested for Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) and Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott male control. Different densities of attracticide sources (750-3,600 droplets ha-1) homogeneously applied on the canopy were compared in apple (Malus pumila Mill.) orchards. Before attracticide application, no differences in male captures using pheromone baited trap were observed. Afterwards, a significant reduction of captures occurred along with the increasing pheromone concentration, when larger density sources were used. The addition of permethrin into the attracticide formulation, however, did not significantly improve the reduction of males. Overall, these results suggest that mating disruption or other mechanism, instead of the killing effect attributed to attracticides, controlled males. The attracticide formulations matrix reported is suggested to be tested as an alternative to the current ones used for mating disruption. It is suggested to test the attracticide formulation matrix reported as an alternative to the current ones used for mating distuptionÉste es el primer informe del control de machos de Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) y Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott con atracticidas que contengan 1,6 ó 16% de feromona, con o sin permetrina al 6%. Se compararon diferentes densidades de atracticidas (750-3.600 gotas ha-1), aplicadas homogéneamente en la copa de los manzanos (Malus pumila Mill.). Antes de los tratamientos no se observaron diferencias estadísticas en las capturas en trampas cebadas con feromona. Después de aplicar los tratamientos, se observó una reducción significativa en las capturas, al usar mayores concentraciones de feromona y mayores densidades de gotas por hectárea. La incorporación de permetrina en la formulación atracticida no mejoró su actividad en el control de machos. En general, los resultados sugieren que un efecto similar a la confusión de cópula, en lugar de un efecto letal atribuible al atracticida, o bien otro mecanismo, controló a los machos de estas especies. La matriz grasosa usada en la formulación atracticida se sugiere como una alternativa para ser probada respecto de las formulaciones actualmente usadas para confusión de cópul