The Experts below are selected from a list of 12825 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Leslie J. Francis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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christian ethos secondary schools parental Church Attendance and student attitude toward christianity exploring connections in england and wales
British Journal of Religious Education, 2020Co-Authors: Leslie J. Francis, Andrew VillageAbstract:This study employs multi-level linear statistical modelling to examine the power of school-level and individual-level factors to predict individual differences in scores recorded on the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity by 6,036 students (who self-identified as either Christian or no religion) in year-seven, year-eight, year-nine, year-ten, and year-eleven classes within ten Christian ethos secondary schools. The data demonstrate the complex relationships between school admission policies, parental Church Attendance, and the students’ age and sex. Overall parental Church Attendance emerges as a decisive factor in promoting a positive attitude toward Christianity among students. Christian ethos schools may wish to give greater attention to the importance of parental religiosity in maintaining the Christian ethos of these schools.
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christian ethos secondary schools parental Church Attendance and student attitude towards christianity exploring connections in england and wales
British Journal of Religious Education, 2020Co-Authors: Leslie J. Francis, Andrew VillageAbstract:This study employs multi-level linear statistical modelling to examine the power of school-level and individual-level factors to predict individual differences in scores recorded on the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity by 6,036 students (who self-identified as either Christian or no religion) in year-seven, year-eight, year-nine, year-ten, and year-eleven classes within ten Christian ethos secondary schools. The data demonstrate the complex relationships between school admission policies, parental Church Attendance, and the students’ age and sex. Overall parental Church Attendance emerges as a decisive factor in promoting a positive attitude toward Christianity among students. Christian ethos schools may wish to give greater attention to the importance of parental religiosity in maintaining the Christian ethos of these schools.
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implicit religion explicit religion and attitude toward substances an empirical enquiry among 13 to 15 year old adolescents
Implicit Religion, 2014Co-Authors: Gemma Penny, Leslie J. FrancisAbstract:A recent research tradition has employed Bailey’s (1997, 1998) notion of implicit religion to explore the ways in which Christian believing in the UK may be persisting in spite of declining levels of Church Attendance. Working within this framework the first aim of this study is to explore the prevalence of implicit religion, operationalized as attachment to traditional Christian rites of passage, among young people living within the UK. The second aim of this study, following the analytic model proposed by Francis (2013a, 2013b) exploring the psychological functions served by explicit religion and implicit religion, is to test the hypothesis that explicit religiosity (operationalized as Church Attendance) and implicit religiosity (operationalized as attachment to Christian rites of passage) are both associated with proscriptive attitudes toward substances among young people. Data provided by a sample of 12,252 13- to 15- year-old young people support this hypothesis.
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attitude towards christianity and new age beliefs among undergraduate students in slovenia a study in implicit religion
Mental Health Religion & Culture, 2013Co-Authors: Leslie J. Francis, Sergej Flere, Rudi Klanjsek, Emyr Williams, Mandy RobbinsAbstract:This study examines two conflicting hypotheses regarding the association between traditional religiosity and new age belief: the “worldview hypothesis” suggesting a positive association between these two sets of beliefs; and the “functional alternative hypothesis” suggesting a negative association between these two sets of beliefs. A sample of 1209 undergraduate students attending the University of Maribor, Slovenia, completed the Francis Scale of Attitude towards Christianity as a measure of traditional religiosity and the Lavric Scale of New Age Belief, alongside a measure of frequency of Church Attendance. The data demonstrated a positive correlation between attitude towards Christianity and new age belief, even after taking into account different levels of Church Attendance. These findings support the worldview hypotheses in favour of the functional alternative hypothesis.
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changing patterns of religious affiliation Church Attendance and marriage across five areas of europe since the early 1980s trends and associations
the Journal of Beliefs and Values, 2009Co-Authors: Emyr Williams, Leslie J. Francis, Andrew VillageAbstract:This study draws on three waves of the European Values Survey (conducted between 1981 and 1984, between 1989 and 1993, and between 1999 and 2004) across five countries for which full data are available (Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Spain, and Sweden) in order to address five research questions. Question one examined changes in religious affiliation. Across all five countries, the proportions of the non-affiliated increased. Question two examined changes in Church Attendance. Across all five countries, the proportions of the non-attenders increased. Question three examined changes in marital status. Across all five countries the proportions of the population checking the category 'married' declined, although in Spain the decline was marginal. Question four examined the association between religious affiliation and being married. The religious affiliated were more likely to be married than the non-affiliated. Question five examined the association between Church Attendance and being married. Weekly attenders were more likely to be married than the non-attenders. Overall these data support the close association between religion and marriage across five European countries (where there are very different religious climates) and support the hypothesis that changing religious values and changing family values go hand-in-hand.
Andrew Village - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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christian ethos secondary schools parental Church Attendance and student attitude toward christianity exploring connections in england and wales
British Journal of Religious Education, 2020Co-Authors: Leslie J. Francis, Andrew VillageAbstract:This study employs multi-level linear statistical modelling to examine the power of school-level and individual-level factors to predict individual differences in scores recorded on the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity by 6,036 students (who self-identified as either Christian or no religion) in year-seven, year-eight, year-nine, year-ten, and year-eleven classes within ten Christian ethos secondary schools. The data demonstrate the complex relationships between school admission policies, parental Church Attendance, and the students’ age and sex. Overall parental Church Attendance emerges as a decisive factor in promoting a positive attitude toward Christianity among students. Christian ethos schools may wish to give greater attention to the importance of parental religiosity in maintaining the Christian ethos of these schools.
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christian ethos secondary schools parental Church Attendance and student attitude towards christianity exploring connections in england and wales
British Journal of Religious Education, 2020Co-Authors: Leslie J. Francis, Andrew VillageAbstract:This study employs multi-level linear statistical modelling to examine the power of school-level and individual-level factors to predict individual differences in scores recorded on the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity by 6,036 students (who self-identified as either Christian or no religion) in year-seven, year-eight, year-nine, year-ten, and year-eleven classes within ten Christian ethos secondary schools. The data demonstrate the complex relationships between school admission policies, parental Church Attendance, and the students’ age and sex. Overall parental Church Attendance emerges as a decisive factor in promoting a positive attitude toward Christianity among students. Christian ethos schools may wish to give greater attention to the importance of parental religiosity in maintaining the Christian ethos of these schools.
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changing patterns of religious affiliation Church Attendance and marriage across five areas of europe since the early 1980s trends and associations
the Journal of Beliefs and Values, 2009Co-Authors: Emyr Williams, Leslie J. Francis, Andrew VillageAbstract:This study draws on three waves of the European Values Survey (conducted between 1981 and 1984, between 1989 and 1993, and between 1999 and 2004) across five countries for which full data are available (Great Britain, Italy, the Netherlands, Northern Ireland, Spain, and Sweden) in order to address five research questions. Question one examined changes in religious affiliation. Across all five countries, the proportions of the non-affiliated increased. Question two examined changes in Church Attendance. Across all five countries, the proportions of the non-attenders increased. Question three examined changes in marital status. Across all five countries the proportions of the population checking the category 'married' declined, although in Spain the decline was marginal. Question four examined the association between religious affiliation and being married. The religious affiliated were more likely to be married than the non-affiliated. Question five examined the association between Church Attendance and being married. Weekly attenders were more likely to be married than the non-attenders. Overall these data support the close association between religion and marriage across five European countries (where there are very different religious climates) and support the hypothesis that changing religious values and changing family values go hand-in-hand.
C. Vezzoni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Church Attendance and Religious change Pooled European dataset (CARPE): a survey harmonization project for the comparative analysis of long-term trends in individual religiosity
Quality & Quantity, 2020Co-Authors: F. Biolcati, F. Molteni, M. Quandt, C. VezzoniAbstract:Despite the long-lasting interest in religious change, debates on the topic have been heated and are still far from being settled. In order to provide a reliable data source through which to study these dynamics, the CARPE project harmonizes well-known international surveys containing items concerning religiosity (the ESS, Eurobarometer, EVS, ISSP and WVS). This makes it possible to broaden the available observation window, both across countries and over time. Moreover, the opportunities this provides for comparing different survey programmes also enable researchers to analyse the consistency of the results, minimizing the impact of random fluctuations and providing useful information with respect to the degree of confidence which can be placed on the relevant estimates. The main focus of this cumulative approach is the variable regarding Church Attendance, which has been harmonized in various ways. All in all, the CARPE dataset contains figures of religious practice for 45 countries spanning the period of 1970–2016 and derived from 1665 national surveys. This results in a sample of approximately 1.8 million individual observations. The aim of this contribution is to present the dataset’s composition, the harmonization procedure adopted, the strategy used to combine the single datasets and the reliability tests which have been performed. Finally, some possible applications of the CARPE dataset will be introduced.
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Church Attendance and Religious change Pooled European dataset (CARPE)
Gesis, 2020Co-Authors: F. Biolcati, V. Lomazzi, F. Molteni, M. Quandt, C. VezzoniAbstract:The CARPE project has been developed to empirically address the religious change and secularization debate. The present data set contains aggregate survey-based estimates for the proportion of persons attending Church, according to various frequency/probability thresholds. Further variables are sample shares of denominations, proportion female, average respondent age, proportions of rough educational attainment groups, and identifiers for country, year, and survey programme. The pooled dataset involves 45 European countries and spans the years 1973 to 2016, with variable density of coverage across the countries. Those countries are Albania, Austria, Armenia, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Belarus, Croatia, Cyprus, Northern Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Kosovo, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom. Estimates were derived from the individual-level data of the following survey programmes: • Eurobarometer (http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/), • European Social Survey (ESS), (http://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/), • European Values Study (EVS), (http://www.europeanvaluesstudy.eu/), • International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) (http://www.issp.org/), • World Values Survey (WVS) (http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/
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Church Attendance and religious change in italy 1968 2010 a multilevel analysis of pooled datasets
Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 2015Co-Authors: C. Vezzoni, Ferruccio BiolcatirinaldiAbstract:The debate over religious change in Italy is far from having reached unanimous conclusions: some scholars point to an unbroken trend toward a decrease of religiosity, while others highlight the signs of a religious revival, especially in younger generations. Besides difficulties with definitions, different conclusions are also due to a lack of information over a sufficiently long period of time. This problem is tackled here by developing a pooled analysis of repeated cross-section surveys that span over four decades. Using six different studies, the article analyzes the secularization trend in Italy on the basis of Church Attendance that, despite well-founded criticism, continues to be a crucial indicator of this phenomenon. The results, estimated using multilevel models, show that the trend of Attendance at Mass in Italy has decreased since the 1960s until today, despite a period of stability at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s. The overall trend looks like a “recumbent S” trend (decrease up to the 1970s, stability in the 1980s, decrease afterwards). Thus, the claims of a religious revival in Italy are not supported by our results.
Ludger Woessmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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education and religious participation city level evidence from germany s secularization period 1890 1930
Journal of Economic Growth, 2017Co-Authors: Sascha O. Becker, Markus Nagler, Ludger WoessmannAbstract:Why did substantial parts of Europe abandon the institutionalized Churches around 1900? Empirical studies using modern data mostly contradict the traditional view that education was a leading source of the seismic social phenomenon of secularization. We construct a unique panel dataset of advanced-school enrollment and Protestant Church Attendance in German cities between 1890 and 1930. Our cross-sectional estimates replicate a positive association. By contrast, in panel models where fixed effects account for time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity, education—but not income or urbanization—is negatively related to Church Attendance. In panel models with lagged explanatory variables, educational expansion precedes reduced Church Attendance, while the reverse is not true. Dynamic panel models with lagged dependent variables and instrumental-variable models using variation in school supply confirm the results. The pattern of results across school types is most consistent with a mechanism of increased critical thinking in general rather than specific knowledge of natural sciences.
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education promoted secularization
VfS Annual Conference 2014 (Hamburg): Evidence-based Economic Policy, 2014Co-Authors: Sascha O. Becker, Markus Nagler, Ludger WoessmannAbstract:Why did substantial parts of Europe abandon the institutionalized Churches around 1900? Empirical studies using modern data mostly contradict the traditional view that education was a leading source of the seismic social phenomenon of secularization. We construct a unique panel dataset of advanced-school enrollment and Protestant Church Attendance in German cities between 1890 and 1930. Our cross-sectional estimates replicate a positive association. By contrast, in panel models where fixed effects account for time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity, education but not income or urbanization is negatively related to Church Attendance. In panel models with lagged explanatory variables, educational expansion precedes reduced Church Attendance.
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not the opium of the people income and secularization in a panel of prussian counties
The American Economic Review, 2013Co-Authors: Sascha O. Becker, Ludger WoessmannAbstract:The interplay between religion and the economy has occupied social scientists for a long time. We construct a unique panel of income and Protestant Church Attendance for 175 Prussian counties in 1886–1911. The data reveal a marked decline in Church Attendance—secularization—coinciding with increasing income. The cross section also shows a negative association between income and Church Attendance. But the association disappears when using the panel structure: In first-differenced models of the 1886–1911 change, counties with larger increases in income did not see significantly larger reductions in Church Attendance; in panel models with county and time fixed effects, counties with earlier increases in income than others did not see earlier reductions in Church Attendance; and in panel Granger-causality tests, initial income is not related to lower subsequent Church Attendance, or vice versa. These findings cast doubt on causal interpretations of the religion-economy nexus during this important phase of secularization in Prussia. I. Concepts
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not the opium of the people income and secularization in a panel of prussian counties
Research Papers in Economics, 2013Co-Authors: Sascha O. Becker, Ludger WoessmannAbstract:The interplay between religion and the economy has occupied social scientists for long. We construct a unique panel of income and Protestant Church Attendance for six waves of up to 175 Prussian counties spanning 1886-1911. The data reveal a marked decline in Church Attendance coinciding with increasing income. The cross-section also shows a negative association between income and Church Attendance. But the association disappears in panel analyses, including first-differenced models of the 1886-1911 change, panel models with county and time fixed effects, and panel Granger-causality tests. The results cast doubt on causal interpretations of the religion-economy nexus in Prussian secularization.
Joseph Bulbulia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Church Attendance and alloparenting: an analysis of fertility, social support and child development among English mothers
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B Biological sciences, 2020Co-Authors: John H. Shaver, Richard Sosis, Rebecca Sear, Eleanor A. Power, Benjamin Grant Purzycki, Joseph Watts, Mary K. Shenk, Joseph BulbuliaAbstract:Many aspects of religious rituals suggest they provide adaptive benefits. Studies across societies consistently find that investments in ritual behaviour return high levels of cooperation. Another line of research finds that alloparental support to mothers increases maternal fertility and improves child outcomes. Although plausible, whether religious cooperation extends to alloparenting and/or affects child development remains unclear. Using 10 years of data collected from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we test the predictions that Church Attendance is positively associated with social support and fertility (n = 8207 to n = 8209), and that social support is positively associated with fertility and child development (n = 1766 to n = 6561). Results show that: (i) relative to not attending, Church Attendance is positively related to a woman's social network support and aid from co-religionists, (ii) aid from co-religionists is associated with increased family size, while (iii) fertility declines with extra-religious social network support. Moreover, while extra-religious social network support decreased over time, co-religionist aid remained constant. These findings suggest that religious and secular networks differ in their longevity and have divergent influences on a woman's fertility. We find some suggestive evidence that support to mothers and aid from co-religionists is positively associated with a child's cognitive ability at later stages of development. Findings provide mixed support for the premise that ritual, such as Church Attendance, is part of a strategy that returns high levels of support, fertility and improved child outcomes. Identifying the diversity and scope of cooperative breeding strategies across global religions presents an intriguing new horizon in the evolutionary study of religious systems. This article is part of the theme issue 'Ritual renaissance: new insights into the most human of behaviours'.