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Brian A. King - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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national and state patterns of concept flavoured Cigar sales usa 2012 2016
Tobacco Control, 2019Co-Authors: Doris G Gammon, Todd Rogers, Ellen M Coats, James Nonnemaker, Kristy L. Marynak, Nicole M. Kuiper, Brian A. KingAbstract:Introduction Cigar sales have increased in the USA in recent years. A growing proportion of Cigar sales are of flavoured varieties, many bearing ambiguous or ‘concept’ flavour descriptions (eg, Jazz). This study assessed US Cigar sales by flavour category (ie, concept flavoured, characterising flavoured and tobacco), at national, regional and state levels. Methods Sales of Cigarillos, large Cigars and little Cigars from chain, franchise and convenience stores, mass merchandisers, supermarkets, drug, dollar and club stores, and military commissaries during 2012–2016 were acquired from the Nielsen Company. US national-level and state-level sales, including District of Columbia, were analysed by flavour category. Flavour descriptors were classified as ‘tobacco9, ‘characterising’ or ‘concept9, based on Universal Product Code (UPC)-linked characteristics and brand website and consumer review descriptions. Results Cigar sales increased by 29% during 2012–2016, driven by a 78% increase in Cigarillo sales. The proportion of concept-flavoured sales increased from 9% to 15%, while the proportion of sales decreased for tobacco (50% to 49%) and characterising flavours (eg, cherry) (41% to 36%). Cigarillos had the greatest increase in unique concept flavour descriptions (17 to 46 unique UPCs), with most sales occurring among Sweet, Jazz and Green Sweets concept flavours. By US region, total and concept-flavoured Cigarillo sales were highest in the South. Conclusions Flavoured Cigars are increasingly labelled with concept flavours, including in areas with flavoured tobacco sales restrictions. Cigarillos are driving recent increases in US Cigar and concept-flavoured Cigar sales. It is important to consider concept flavours when addressing flavoured tobacco product sales and use.
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National and state patterns of concept-flavoured Cigar sales, USA, 2012–2016
Tobacco Control, 2018Co-Authors: Doris G Gammon, Todd Rogers, Ellen M Coats, James Nonnemaker, Kristy L. Marynak, Nicole M. Kuiper, Brian A. KingAbstract:Introduction Cigar sales have increased in the USA in recent years. A growing proportion of Cigar sales are of flavoured varieties, many bearing ambiguous or ‘concept’ flavour descriptions (eg, Jazz). This study assessed US Cigar sales by flavour category (ie, concept flavoured, characterising flavoured and tobacco), at national, regional and state levels. Methods Sales of Cigarillos, large Cigars and little Cigars from chain, franchise and convenience stores, mass merchandisers, supermarkets, drug, dollar and club stores, and military commissaries during 2012–2016 were acquired from the Nielsen Company. US national-level and state-level sales, including District of Columbia, were analysed by flavour category. Flavour descriptors were classified as ‘tobacco9, ‘characterising’ or ‘concept9, based on Universal Product Code (UPC)-linked characteristics and brand website and consumer review descriptions. Results Cigar sales increased by 29% during 2012–2016, driven by a 78% increase in Cigarillo sales. The proportion of concept-flavoured sales increased from 9% to 15%, while the proportion of sales decreased for tobacco (50% to 49%) and characterising flavours (eg, cherry) (41% to 36%). Cigarillos had the greatest increase in unique concept flavour descriptions (17 to 46 unique UPCs), with most sales occurring among Sweet, Jazz and Green Sweets concept flavours. By US region, total and concept-flavoured Cigarillo sales were highest in the South. Conclusions Flavoured Cigars are increasingly labelled with concept flavours, including in areas with flavoured tobacco sales restrictions. Cigarillos are driving recent increases in US Cigar and concept-flavoured Cigar sales. It is important to consider concept flavours when addressing flavoured tobacco product sales and use.
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Sales Trends in Price-Discounted Cigarettes, Large Cigars, Little Cigars, and Cigarillos-United States, 2011-2016.
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2017Co-Authors: Teresa W. Wang, Doris G Gammon, Brett R. Loomis, Todd Rogers, Nicole M. Kuiper, Kyle Falvey, Brian A. KingAbstract:Introduction Tobacco manufacturers continue to implement a range of pricing strategies to increase the affordability and consumption of tobacco products. To demonstrate the extent of retail- and brand-level price discounts at the point of sale, this study assessed national sales trends in price-discounted Cigarettes, large Cigars, little Cigars, and Cigarillos. Methods Retail scanner data for tobacco product sales were obtained for convenience stores (C-store) and all-other-outlets-combined (AOC) from September 25, 2011, to January 9, 2016. The proportion of price-discounted sales, average nondiscounted unit price, and average discounted unit price were examined by product category and brand. JoinPoint regression was used to assess average monthly percentage change. Results Overall, price-discounted sales accounted for 11.3% of Cigarette, 3.4% of large Cigar, 4.1% of little Cigar, and 3.9% of Cigarillo sales. The average difference between nondiscounted and discounted prices was 25.5% (C-store) and 36.7% (AOC) for Cigarettes; 11.0% (C-store) and 11.2% (AOC) for large Cigars; 19.2% (C-store) and 9.6% (AOC) for little Cigars; and 5.3% (C-store) and 14.7% (AOC) for Cigarillos. Furthermore, price-discounted sales of top-selling tobacco brands comprised up to 36% of Cigarette, 7.4% of large Cigar, 7.7% of little Cigar, and 4.2% of Cigarillo unit sales. Conclusions These findings highlight the use of price discounts by tobacco manufacturers to reduce the cost of Cigarettes, large Cigars, little Cigars, and Cigarillos to consumers. These sales patterns underscore the importance of sustained efforts to implement evidence-based strategies to increase prices and reduce availability and consumption of combustible tobacco in the United States. Implications This study highlights the prevalence and provides a baseline of price-discounted Cigarettes, large Cigars, little Cigars, and Cigarillos. Surveillance of tobacco sales data, including state-level trends and additional product types, is critical for informing approaches to reduce tobacco consumption. These approaches include countering tobacco product price-discounting practices and raising and maintaining a high sales price for all tobacco products. The implementation of evidence-based population-level interventions, together with local, state, and federal regulation of tobacco products, could prevent tobacco initiation, increase tobacco cessation, and reduce overall tobacco use among US youth and adults.
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effect of price changes in little Cigars and Cigarettes on little Cigar sales usa q4 2011 q4 2013
Tobacco Control, 2016Co-Authors: Doris G Gammon, Brian A. King, Brett R. Loomis, Daniel Dench, Erika B. Fulmer, Todd RogersAbstract:Introduction Little Cigars are comparable to Cigarettes in terms of shape, size, filters and packaging. Disproportionate tobacco excise taxes, which directly affect purchase price, may lead consumers to substitute Cigarettes with less expensive little Cigars. This study estimated the effects of little Cigar and Cigarette prices on little Cigar sales. Methods Sales data from a customised retail scanner database were used to model a log–log equation to infer own-price and cross-price elasticity of demand for little Cigars relative to little Cigar and Cigarette prices, respectively, from quarter 4 of 2011 to quarter 4 of 2013. Data were available for convenience stores (C-stores) (n=29 states); food, drug and mass merchandisers (FDMs) (n=44 states); and C-stores and FDMs combined (n=27 states). The dependent variable was per capita little Cigar pack sales, and key independent variables were the price index for little Cigars and Cigarettes. Results A 10% increase in little Cigar price was associated with a 25% (p Conclusions Our results suggest that US Cigarette smokers are avoiding the high cost of Cigarettes by switching to lower priced little Cigars. Increasing and equalising prices among comparable products, like Cigarettes and little Cigars, may motivate cost-conscious smokers to quit.
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Effect of price changes in little Cigars and Cigarettes on little Cigar sales: USA, Q4 2011–Q4 2013
Tobacco control, 2015Co-Authors: Doris G Gammon, Brian A. King, Brett R. Loomis, Daniel Dench, Erika B. Fulmer, Todd RogersAbstract:Introduction Little Cigars are comparable to Cigarettes in terms of shape, size, filters and packaging. Disproportionate tobacco excise taxes, which directly affect purchase price, may lead consumers to substitute Cigarettes with less expensive little Cigars. This study estimated the effects of little Cigar and Cigarette prices on little Cigar sales. Methods Sales data from a customised retail scanner database were used to model a log–log equation to infer own-price and cross-price elasticity of demand for little Cigars relative to little Cigar and Cigarette prices, respectively, from quarter 4 of 2011 to quarter 4 of 2013. Data were available for convenience stores (C-stores) (n=29 states); food, drug and mass merchandisers (FDMs) (n=44 states); and C-stores and FDMs combined (n=27 states). The dependent variable was per capita little Cigar pack sales, and key independent variables were the price index for little Cigars and Cigarettes. Results A 10% increase in little Cigar price was associated with a 25% (p Conclusions Our results suggest that US Cigarette smokers are avoiding the high cost of Cigarettes by switching to lower priced little Cigars. Increasing and equalising prices among comparable products, like Cigarettes and little Cigars, may motivate cost-conscious smokers to quit.
Cristine D. Delnevo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Has FDA abandoned its efforts to make fake-Cigar Cigarettes comply with federal tobacco control laws that apply to Cigarettes but not Cigars?
Tobacco control, 2020Co-Authors: Eric N. Lindblom, Darren Mays, Kevin R J Schroth, Cristine D. DelnevoAbstract:In the USA, legal definitions of Cigarettes and Cigars are critical to tobacco control policy because federal, state and local laws typically tax and regulate Cigarettes more strictly than Cigars. In 2016, near the end of the Obama Administration, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sent warning letters to four filtered ‘little Cigar’ manufacturers stating that their so-called ‘Cigars’ were Cigarettes and, therefore, subject to more stringent public health restrictions. Documents produced in response to a Freedom of Information Act request show that without explanation or public notice FDA has abandoned its prior determination that the manufacturers’ ‘little Cigars’ were actually Cigarettes and, consequently, were violating the ban on flavoured Cigarettes in the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (TCA). The documents also present the manufacturers’ arguments against FDA’s original position. However, those industry arguments are inconsistent with the research, other evidence and legal analysis indicating that filtered ‘little Cigars’ meet the legal definition of Cigarettes under the TCA and other similar federal, state and local definitions. To protect the public health, FDA must renew its efforts to ensure that these filtered ‘little Cigars’ do not continue to evade compliance with the many important restrictions and requirements that apply to Cigarettes but not Cigars. Other government regulatory and tax-collection agencies with similar definitions need to follow suit.
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Cigar package quantity and smoking behavior.
BMC public health, 2019Co-Authors: Alexander Persoskie, Jennifer L. Pearson, Erin Keely O’brien, Elisabeth A. Donaldson, Kelvin Choi, Annette R. Kaufman, Cassandra A. Stanton, Cristine D. DelnevoAbstract:Several jurisdictions in the US and abroad limit the minimum number of Cigars that can be sold per package. Research has not evaluated whether small packages might result in Cigar use initiation, or whether adding Cigars to packages might result in purchasers smoking more Cigars. Using nationally representative US adult data from Waves 1 and 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, we assessed links between Cigar package quantity (number of Cigars in the package a person usually buys) and (1) price, and (2) Cigar and Cigarette use over time, for three Cigar types: filtered Cigars, Cigarillos, and large Cigars. Smaller quantity packages (i.e., packages with fewer Cigars) were cheaper per-pack than larger quantity packages but more expensive per-stick for all three Cigar types. For filtered Cigars, past-year starters tended to buy smaller quantity packages compared to longer-term users (geometric mean = 6.31 vs. 11.75, respectively; b = −.18, 95%CI: −.32, −.04). Also, those who bought smaller quantity packages of filtered Cigars tended to smoke fewer Cigars over time compared to those who bought larger quantity packages (b = 1.16, 95%CI: 0.45, 1.87). Neither of these associations was observed for Cigarillos or large Cigars. We also found little evidence that buying larger quantity packages predicted continuing to use Cigars or using Cigarettes. Although we found consistent associations between package quantity and price, we found few associations between package quantity and changes in Cigar smoking behaviors over time, particularly for Cigarillos and large Cigars. Key limitations include our adult-only analyses and inability to determine the package quantity that Cigar users initiated with. Future studies could examine whether package quantity plays a causal role in filtered Cigar use initiation or consumption rates.
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Co-marketing of marijuana and Cigars in US convenience stores.
Tobacco control, 2019Co-Authors: Cristine D. Delnevo, Daniel P Giovenco, Marin Kurti, Abdulrahman Al-shujairiAbstract:Cigars are among the most heavily flavoured of all tobacco products.1 Flavoured Cigars, particularly Cigarillos, appeal to young people and are also associated with blunt use.2–4 Of note, young adults cite brands and flavours as important factors influencing the selection of Cigars used for blunts.4 With the growing social acceptance of recreational marijuana use, tobacco control researchers have noted in the past year the explicit co-marketing of Cigars and marijuana.5 6 This nascent research was limited as it focused on one brand, Splitarillos5 or a subset of 10 marijuana-related flavours available at the point-of-sale in California.6 We add to the literature on marijuana–Cigar co-marketing by analysing Nielsen’s convenience store (C-Track) retail scanner data. Nielsen’s C-Track is representative of all convenience store types and includes chain stores, non-chain and independent convenience stores, as well as gas stations. Cigar …
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US Adult Cigar Smoking Patterns, Purchasing Behaviors, and Reasons for Use According to Cigar Type: Findings From the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013–2014
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2017Co-Authors: Catherine G. Corey, Enver Holder-hayes, Anh B. Nguyen, Cristine D. Delnevo, Brian L. Rostron, Maansi Bansal-travers, Heather L. Kimmel, Amber Koblitz, Elizabeth Lambert, Jennifer L. PearsonAbstract:Introduction The US Cigar market is diverse, yet until recently most research studies and tobacco surveillance systems have not reported behavioral and related outcomes by Cigar type. Methods The 2013-2014 Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study collected data separately for filtered Cigars (FCs), Cigarillos, and traditional Cigars, which were further distinguished as premium or nonpremium. Descriptive statistics for adult established current smokers of each Cigar type and Cigarettes were calculated for demographic characteristics, tobacco use patterns, purchasing behaviors and reasons for use. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) using a marginal predictions approach with logistic regression assessed correlates of dual Cigar and Cigarette smoking. Results Age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, and poverty status of smokers varied according to Cigar type. Daily Cigar smoking prevalence and number of Cigars smoked per day were higher for FCs (37.3%; median: 1.6 Cigars/day, respectively), than all other Cigar types (6.7%-25.3%, all p < .01; 0.1-0.4 Cigars/day, all p < .01, respectively); daily smoking and Cigars per day were similar for nonpremium Cigars and Cigarillos (p = .11; p = .33, respectively). Cigarette smoking was twice as common among smokers of nonpremium Cigars, Cigarillos, and FCs (58.0%-66.0%) than among premium Cigars (29.9%). Among current Cigar smokers, FC smokers (APR = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-1.39), other tobacco product users (APR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.15-1.41), and those with a GED/high school diploma or less (APR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.09-1.33) were more likely to also smoke Cigarettes. Conclusion User characteristics, Cigar smoking patterns, and dual smoking with Cigarettes varied by Cigar type highlighting the importance of adequately describing the Cigar type studied and, where appropriate, differentiating results by Cigar type. Implications Despite the diversity of the Cigar market place, historically many research studies and tobacco surveillance systems have treated Cigars as a single product type. This study describes similarities and differences in the user characteristics, tobacco use patterns, and purchasing behaviors of premium, nonpremium, Cigarillo, and filtered Cigar smokers. To enhance tobacco regulatory science, sufficient descriptions of the Cigar type(s) studied and, where appropriate, differentiation of the particular Cigar type(s) studied should be undertaken to improve the interpretation of study findings, understanding of Cigar use patterns and related behaviors and future approaches to reducing Cigar-attributable morbidity and mortality.
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changes in the mass merchandise Cigar market since the tobacco control act
Tobacco regulatory science, 2017Co-Authors: Cristine D. Delnevo, Daniel P GiovencoAbstract:OBJECTIVES This study identifies the specific product characteristics driving mass-merchandise Cigar sales in the context of the changing regulatory environment. METHODS Cigar sales data in US convenience stores during 2008-2015 were purchased from Nielsen's Convenience Track system. Descriptive statistics highlight changes in the Cigar market over time. RESULTS Sales of flavored Cigars increased by nearly 50% since 2008 and now make up over half of the Cigar market. Fruit remains the most popular flavor group, but the sale of non-descript flavors such as "Jazz" and "Green" has grown substantially. Inexpensive 2- and 3-packs made up less than 1% of Cigar sales in 2008, but by 2015 this packaging style held 40% of the market share. Black & Mild and Swisher Sweets dominate the convenience store channel and together are responsible for nearly 60% of total mass-merchandise Cigar sales. CONCLUSIONS Cigar companies take advantage of features recently banned for Cigarettes, such as flavorings and small pack sizes to maintain strong sales. Given the appeal of mass-merchandise Cigars to youth and young adults, the FDA and other governing bodies should regulate the manufacturing and promotion of Cigars in the same way they have regulated Cigarettes.
Todd Rogers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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national and state patterns of concept flavoured Cigar sales usa 2012 2016
Tobacco Control, 2019Co-Authors: Doris G Gammon, Todd Rogers, Ellen M Coats, James Nonnemaker, Kristy L. Marynak, Nicole M. Kuiper, Brian A. KingAbstract:Introduction Cigar sales have increased in the USA in recent years. A growing proportion of Cigar sales are of flavoured varieties, many bearing ambiguous or ‘concept’ flavour descriptions (eg, Jazz). This study assessed US Cigar sales by flavour category (ie, concept flavoured, characterising flavoured and tobacco), at national, regional and state levels. Methods Sales of Cigarillos, large Cigars and little Cigars from chain, franchise and convenience stores, mass merchandisers, supermarkets, drug, dollar and club stores, and military commissaries during 2012–2016 were acquired from the Nielsen Company. US national-level and state-level sales, including District of Columbia, were analysed by flavour category. Flavour descriptors were classified as ‘tobacco9, ‘characterising’ or ‘concept9, based on Universal Product Code (UPC)-linked characteristics and brand website and consumer review descriptions. Results Cigar sales increased by 29% during 2012–2016, driven by a 78% increase in Cigarillo sales. The proportion of concept-flavoured sales increased from 9% to 15%, while the proportion of sales decreased for tobacco (50% to 49%) and characterising flavours (eg, cherry) (41% to 36%). Cigarillos had the greatest increase in unique concept flavour descriptions (17 to 46 unique UPCs), with most sales occurring among Sweet, Jazz and Green Sweets concept flavours. By US region, total and concept-flavoured Cigarillo sales were highest in the South. Conclusions Flavoured Cigars are increasingly labelled with concept flavours, including in areas with flavoured tobacco sales restrictions. Cigarillos are driving recent increases in US Cigar and concept-flavoured Cigar sales. It is important to consider concept flavours when addressing flavoured tobacco product sales and use.
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National and state patterns of concept-flavoured Cigar sales, USA, 2012–2016
Tobacco Control, 2018Co-Authors: Doris G Gammon, Todd Rogers, Ellen M Coats, James Nonnemaker, Kristy L. Marynak, Nicole M. Kuiper, Brian A. KingAbstract:Introduction Cigar sales have increased in the USA in recent years. A growing proportion of Cigar sales are of flavoured varieties, many bearing ambiguous or ‘concept’ flavour descriptions (eg, Jazz). This study assessed US Cigar sales by flavour category (ie, concept flavoured, characterising flavoured and tobacco), at national, regional and state levels. Methods Sales of Cigarillos, large Cigars and little Cigars from chain, franchise and convenience stores, mass merchandisers, supermarkets, drug, dollar and club stores, and military commissaries during 2012–2016 were acquired from the Nielsen Company. US national-level and state-level sales, including District of Columbia, were analysed by flavour category. Flavour descriptors were classified as ‘tobacco9, ‘characterising’ or ‘concept9, based on Universal Product Code (UPC)-linked characteristics and brand website and consumer review descriptions. Results Cigar sales increased by 29% during 2012–2016, driven by a 78% increase in Cigarillo sales. The proportion of concept-flavoured sales increased from 9% to 15%, while the proportion of sales decreased for tobacco (50% to 49%) and characterising flavours (eg, cherry) (41% to 36%). Cigarillos had the greatest increase in unique concept flavour descriptions (17 to 46 unique UPCs), with most sales occurring among Sweet, Jazz and Green Sweets concept flavours. By US region, total and concept-flavoured Cigarillo sales were highest in the South. Conclusions Flavoured Cigars are increasingly labelled with concept flavours, including in areas with flavoured tobacco sales restrictions. Cigarillos are driving recent increases in US Cigar and concept-flavoured Cigar sales. It is important to consider concept flavours when addressing flavoured tobacco product sales and use.
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Sales Trends in Price-Discounted Cigarettes, Large Cigars, Little Cigars, and Cigarillos-United States, 2011-2016.
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2017Co-Authors: Teresa W. Wang, Doris G Gammon, Brett R. Loomis, Todd Rogers, Nicole M. Kuiper, Kyle Falvey, Brian A. KingAbstract:Introduction Tobacco manufacturers continue to implement a range of pricing strategies to increase the affordability and consumption of tobacco products. To demonstrate the extent of retail- and brand-level price discounts at the point of sale, this study assessed national sales trends in price-discounted Cigarettes, large Cigars, little Cigars, and Cigarillos. Methods Retail scanner data for tobacco product sales were obtained for convenience stores (C-store) and all-other-outlets-combined (AOC) from September 25, 2011, to January 9, 2016. The proportion of price-discounted sales, average nondiscounted unit price, and average discounted unit price were examined by product category and brand. JoinPoint regression was used to assess average monthly percentage change. Results Overall, price-discounted sales accounted for 11.3% of Cigarette, 3.4% of large Cigar, 4.1% of little Cigar, and 3.9% of Cigarillo sales. The average difference between nondiscounted and discounted prices was 25.5% (C-store) and 36.7% (AOC) for Cigarettes; 11.0% (C-store) and 11.2% (AOC) for large Cigars; 19.2% (C-store) and 9.6% (AOC) for little Cigars; and 5.3% (C-store) and 14.7% (AOC) for Cigarillos. Furthermore, price-discounted sales of top-selling tobacco brands comprised up to 36% of Cigarette, 7.4% of large Cigar, 7.7% of little Cigar, and 4.2% of Cigarillo unit sales. Conclusions These findings highlight the use of price discounts by tobacco manufacturers to reduce the cost of Cigarettes, large Cigars, little Cigars, and Cigarillos to consumers. These sales patterns underscore the importance of sustained efforts to implement evidence-based strategies to increase prices and reduce availability and consumption of combustible tobacco in the United States. Implications This study highlights the prevalence and provides a baseline of price-discounted Cigarettes, large Cigars, little Cigars, and Cigarillos. Surveillance of tobacco sales data, including state-level trends and additional product types, is critical for informing approaches to reduce tobacco consumption. These approaches include countering tobacco product price-discounting practices and raising and maintaining a high sales price for all tobacco products. The implementation of evidence-based population-level interventions, together with local, state, and federal regulation of tobacco products, could prevent tobacco initiation, increase tobacco cessation, and reduce overall tobacco use among US youth and adults.
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effect of price changes in little Cigars and Cigarettes on little Cigar sales usa q4 2011 q4 2013
Tobacco Control, 2016Co-Authors: Doris G Gammon, Brian A. King, Brett R. Loomis, Daniel Dench, Erika B. Fulmer, Todd RogersAbstract:Introduction Little Cigars are comparable to Cigarettes in terms of shape, size, filters and packaging. Disproportionate tobacco excise taxes, which directly affect purchase price, may lead consumers to substitute Cigarettes with less expensive little Cigars. This study estimated the effects of little Cigar and Cigarette prices on little Cigar sales. Methods Sales data from a customised retail scanner database were used to model a log–log equation to infer own-price and cross-price elasticity of demand for little Cigars relative to little Cigar and Cigarette prices, respectively, from quarter 4 of 2011 to quarter 4 of 2013. Data were available for convenience stores (C-stores) (n=29 states); food, drug and mass merchandisers (FDMs) (n=44 states); and C-stores and FDMs combined (n=27 states). The dependent variable was per capita little Cigar pack sales, and key independent variables were the price index for little Cigars and Cigarettes. Results A 10% increase in little Cigar price was associated with a 25% (p Conclusions Our results suggest that US Cigarette smokers are avoiding the high cost of Cigarettes by switching to lower priced little Cigars. Increasing and equalising prices among comparable products, like Cigarettes and little Cigars, may motivate cost-conscious smokers to quit.
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Effect of price changes in little Cigars and Cigarettes on little Cigar sales: USA, Q4 2011–Q4 2013
Tobacco control, 2015Co-Authors: Doris G Gammon, Brian A. King, Brett R. Loomis, Daniel Dench, Erika B. Fulmer, Todd RogersAbstract:Introduction Little Cigars are comparable to Cigarettes in terms of shape, size, filters and packaging. Disproportionate tobacco excise taxes, which directly affect purchase price, may lead consumers to substitute Cigarettes with less expensive little Cigars. This study estimated the effects of little Cigar and Cigarette prices on little Cigar sales. Methods Sales data from a customised retail scanner database were used to model a log–log equation to infer own-price and cross-price elasticity of demand for little Cigars relative to little Cigar and Cigarette prices, respectively, from quarter 4 of 2011 to quarter 4 of 2013. Data were available for convenience stores (C-stores) (n=29 states); food, drug and mass merchandisers (FDMs) (n=44 states); and C-stores and FDMs combined (n=27 states). The dependent variable was per capita little Cigar pack sales, and key independent variables were the price index for little Cigars and Cigarettes. Results A 10% increase in little Cigar price was associated with a 25% (p Conclusions Our results suggest that US Cigarette smokers are avoiding the high cost of Cigarettes by switching to lower priced little Cigars. Increasing and equalising prices among comparable products, like Cigarettes and little Cigars, may motivate cost-conscious smokers to quit.
Doris G Gammon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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national and state patterns of concept flavoured Cigar sales usa 2012 2016
Tobacco Control, 2019Co-Authors: Doris G Gammon, Todd Rogers, Ellen M Coats, James Nonnemaker, Kristy L. Marynak, Nicole M. Kuiper, Brian A. KingAbstract:Introduction Cigar sales have increased in the USA in recent years. A growing proportion of Cigar sales are of flavoured varieties, many bearing ambiguous or ‘concept’ flavour descriptions (eg, Jazz). This study assessed US Cigar sales by flavour category (ie, concept flavoured, characterising flavoured and tobacco), at national, regional and state levels. Methods Sales of Cigarillos, large Cigars and little Cigars from chain, franchise and convenience stores, mass merchandisers, supermarkets, drug, dollar and club stores, and military commissaries during 2012–2016 were acquired from the Nielsen Company. US national-level and state-level sales, including District of Columbia, were analysed by flavour category. Flavour descriptors were classified as ‘tobacco9, ‘characterising’ or ‘concept9, based on Universal Product Code (UPC)-linked characteristics and brand website and consumer review descriptions. Results Cigar sales increased by 29% during 2012–2016, driven by a 78% increase in Cigarillo sales. The proportion of concept-flavoured sales increased from 9% to 15%, while the proportion of sales decreased for tobacco (50% to 49%) and characterising flavours (eg, cherry) (41% to 36%). Cigarillos had the greatest increase in unique concept flavour descriptions (17 to 46 unique UPCs), with most sales occurring among Sweet, Jazz and Green Sweets concept flavours. By US region, total and concept-flavoured Cigarillo sales were highest in the South. Conclusions Flavoured Cigars are increasingly labelled with concept flavours, including in areas with flavoured tobacco sales restrictions. Cigarillos are driving recent increases in US Cigar and concept-flavoured Cigar sales. It is important to consider concept flavours when addressing flavoured tobacco product sales and use.
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National and state patterns of concept-flavoured Cigar sales, USA, 2012–2016
Tobacco Control, 2018Co-Authors: Doris G Gammon, Todd Rogers, Ellen M Coats, James Nonnemaker, Kristy L. Marynak, Nicole M. Kuiper, Brian A. KingAbstract:Introduction Cigar sales have increased in the USA in recent years. A growing proportion of Cigar sales are of flavoured varieties, many bearing ambiguous or ‘concept’ flavour descriptions (eg, Jazz). This study assessed US Cigar sales by flavour category (ie, concept flavoured, characterising flavoured and tobacco), at national, regional and state levels. Methods Sales of Cigarillos, large Cigars and little Cigars from chain, franchise and convenience stores, mass merchandisers, supermarkets, drug, dollar and club stores, and military commissaries during 2012–2016 were acquired from the Nielsen Company. US national-level and state-level sales, including District of Columbia, were analysed by flavour category. Flavour descriptors were classified as ‘tobacco9, ‘characterising’ or ‘concept9, based on Universal Product Code (UPC)-linked characteristics and brand website and consumer review descriptions. Results Cigar sales increased by 29% during 2012–2016, driven by a 78% increase in Cigarillo sales. The proportion of concept-flavoured sales increased from 9% to 15%, while the proportion of sales decreased for tobacco (50% to 49%) and characterising flavours (eg, cherry) (41% to 36%). Cigarillos had the greatest increase in unique concept flavour descriptions (17 to 46 unique UPCs), with most sales occurring among Sweet, Jazz and Green Sweets concept flavours. By US region, total and concept-flavoured Cigarillo sales were highest in the South. Conclusions Flavoured Cigars are increasingly labelled with concept flavours, including in areas with flavoured tobacco sales restrictions. Cigarillos are driving recent increases in US Cigar and concept-flavoured Cigar sales. It is important to consider concept flavours when addressing flavoured tobacco product sales and use.
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Sales Trends in Price-Discounted Cigarettes, Large Cigars, Little Cigars, and Cigarillos-United States, 2011-2016.
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2017Co-Authors: Teresa W. Wang, Doris G Gammon, Brett R. Loomis, Todd Rogers, Nicole M. Kuiper, Kyle Falvey, Brian A. KingAbstract:Introduction Tobacco manufacturers continue to implement a range of pricing strategies to increase the affordability and consumption of tobacco products. To demonstrate the extent of retail- and brand-level price discounts at the point of sale, this study assessed national sales trends in price-discounted Cigarettes, large Cigars, little Cigars, and Cigarillos. Methods Retail scanner data for tobacco product sales were obtained for convenience stores (C-store) and all-other-outlets-combined (AOC) from September 25, 2011, to January 9, 2016. The proportion of price-discounted sales, average nondiscounted unit price, and average discounted unit price were examined by product category and brand. JoinPoint regression was used to assess average monthly percentage change. Results Overall, price-discounted sales accounted for 11.3% of Cigarette, 3.4% of large Cigar, 4.1% of little Cigar, and 3.9% of Cigarillo sales. The average difference between nondiscounted and discounted prices was 25.5% (C-store) and 36.7% (AOC) for Cigarettes; 11.0% (C-store) and 11.2% (AOC) for large Cigars; 19.2% (C-store) and 9.6% (AOC) for little Cigars; and 5.3% (C-store) and 14.7% (AOC) for Cigarillos. Furthermore, price-discounted sales of top-selling tobacco brands comprised up to 36% of Cigarette, 7.4% of large Cigar, 7.7% of little Cigar, and 4.2% of Cigarillo unit sales. Conclusions These findings highlight the use of price discounts by tobacco manufacturers to reduce the cost of Cigarettes, large Cigars, little Cigars, and Cigarillos to consumers. These sales patterns underscore the importance of sustained efforts to implement evidence-based strategies to increase prices and reduce availability and consumption of combustible tobacco in the United States. Implications This study highlights the prevalence and provides a baseline of price-discounted Cigarettes, large Cigars, little Cigars, and Cigarillos. Surveillance of tobacco sales data, including state-level trends and additional product types, is critical for informing approaches to reduce tobacco consumption. These approaches include countering tobacco product price-discounting practices and raising and maintaining a high sales price for all tobacco products. The implementation of evidence-based population-level interventions, together with local, state, and federal regulation of tobacco products, could prevent tobacco initiation, increase tobacco cessation, and reduce overall tobacco use among US youth and adults.
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effect of price changes in little Cigars and Cigarettes on little Cigar sales usa q4 2011 q4 2013
Tobacco Control, 2016Co-Authors: Doris G Gammon, Brian A. King, Brett R. Loomis, Daniel Dench, Erika B. Fulmer, Todd RogersAbstract:Introduction Little Cigars are comparable to Cigarettes in terms of shape, size, filters and packaging. Disproportionate tobacco excise taxes, which directly affect purchase price, may lead consumers to substitute Cigarettes with less expensive little Cigars. This study estimated the effects of little Cigar and Cigarette prices on little Cigar sales. Methods Sales data from a customised retail scanner database were used to model a log–log equation to infer own-price and cross-price elasticity of demand for little Cigars relative to little Cigar and Cigarette prices, respectively, from quarter 4 of 2011 to quarter 4 of 2013. Data were available for convenience stores (C-stores) (n=29 states); food, drug and mass merchandisers (FDMs) (n=44 states); and C-stores and FDMs combined (n=27 states). The dependent variable was per capita little Cigar pack sales, and key independent variables were the price index for little Cigars and Cigarettes. Results A 10% increase in little Cigar price was associated with a 25% (p Conclusions Our results suggest that US Cigarette smokers are avoiding the high cost of Cigarettes by switching to lower priced little Cigars. Increasing and equalising prices among comparable products, like Cigarettes and little Cigars, may motivate cost-conscious smokers to quit.
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Effect of price changes in little Cigars and Cigarettes on little Cigar sales: USA, Q4 2011–Q4 2013
Tobacco control, 2015Co-Authors: Doris G Gammon, Brian A. King, Brett R. Loomis, Daniel Dench, Erika B. Fulmer, Todd RogersAbstract:Introduction Little Cigars are comparable to Cigarettes in terms of shape, size, filters and packaging. Disproportionate tobacco excise taxes, which directly affect purchase price, may lead consumers to substitute Cigarettes with less expensive little Cigars. This study estimated the effects of little Cigar and Cigarette prices on little Cigar sales. Methods Sales data from a customised retail scanner database were used to model a log–log equation to infer own-price and cross-price elasticity of demand for little Cigars relative to little Cigar and Cigarette prices, respectively, from quarter 4 of 2011 to quarter 4 of 2013. Data were available for convenience stores (C-stores) (n=29 states); food, drug and mass merchandisers (FDMs) (n=44 states); and C-stores and FDMs combined (n=27 states). The dependent variable was per capita little Cigar pack sales, and key independent variables were the price index for little Cigars and Cigarettes. Results A 10% increase in little Cigar price was associated with a 25% (p Conclusions Our results suggest that US Cigarette smokers are avoiding the high cost of Cigarettes by switching to lower priced little Cigars. Increasing and equalising prices among comparable products, like Cigarettes and little Cigars, may motivate cost-conscious smokers to quit.
Catherine G. Corey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biomarkers of exposure among u s adult Cigar smokers population assessment of tobacco and health path study wave 1 2013 2014
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2019Co-Authors: Cindy M Chang, Catherine G. Corey, Brian L. Rostron, Heather L. Kimmel, Joanne T Chang, Connie S Sosnoff, Maciej L Goniewicz, Kathryn C Edwards, Dorothy K Hatsukami, Yuesong WangAbstract:Background: Given the diverse Cigar market and limited data on biomarker patterns by Cigar type, we compared biomarkers of nicotine and tobacco toxicants among Cigar smokers and other groups. Methods: Using Wave 1 urinary biomarker data from 5,604 adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, we compared geometric mean concentrations among Cigar-only smokers (all Cigars and separately for traditional, Cigarillo, and filtered Cigars), Cigarette-only smokers, dual Cigar/Cigarette smokers, and never users of tobacco. We calculated geometric mean ratios comparing groups with never users adjusting for sex, age, race/ethnicity, education and creatinine. Results: Some day Cigar-only smokers had lower biomarker concentrations than every day Cigar-only smokers, but higher than never users. Every day Cigar-only smokers (n = 61) had lower TNE-2 (cotinine+trans-3′-hydroxycotinine) compared to every day Cigarette-only (n = 2217; P Conclusions: For some biomarkers, every day Cigar-only smokers were comparable with every day Cigarette-only smokers. Exploratory analyses suggest that biomarkers vary by Cigar type with every day filtered Cigar-only smokers having the highest concentrations. Impact: High exposure to harmful constituents among Cigar smokers is a continuing health issue.
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US Adult Cigar Smoking Patterns, Purchasing Behaviors, and Reasons for Use According to Cigar Type: Findings From the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013–2014
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2017Co-Authors: Catherine G. Corey, Enver Holder-hayes, Anh B. Nguyen, Cristine D. Delnevo, Brian L. Rostron, Maansi Bansal-travers, Heather L. Kimmel, Amber Koblitz, Elizabeth Lambert, Jennifer L. PearsonAbstract:Introduction The US Cigar market is diverse, yet until recently most research studies and tobacco surveillance systems have not reported behavioral and related outcomes by Cigar type. Methods The 2013-2014 Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study collected data separately for filtered Cigars (FCs), Cigarillos, and traditional Cigars, which were further distinguished as premium or nonpremium. Descriptive statistics for adult established current smokers of each Cigar type and Cigarettes were calculated for demographic characteristics, tobacco use patterns, purchasing behaviors and reasons for use. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) using a marginal predictions approach with logistic regression assessed correlates of dual Cigar and Cigarette smoking. Results Age, sex, race/ethnicity, education level, and poverty status of smokers varied according to Cigar type. Daily Cigar smoking prevalence and number of Cigars smoked per day were higher for FCs (37.3%; median: 1.6 Cigars/day, respectively), than all other Cigar types (6.7%-25.3%, all p < .01; 0.1-0.4 Cigars/day, all p < .01, respectively); daily smoking and Cigars per day were similar for nonpremium Cigars and Cigarillos (p = .11; p = .33, respectively). Cigarette smoking was twice as common among smokers of nonpremium Cigars, Cigarillos, and FCs (58.0%-66.0%) than among premium Cigars (29.9%). Among current Cigar smokers, FC smokers (APR = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-1.39), other tobacco product users (APR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.15-1.41), and those with a GED/high school diploma or less (APR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.09-1.33) were more likely to also smoke Cigarettes. Conclusion User characteristics, Cigar smoking patterns, and dual smoking with Cigarettes varied by Cigar type highlighting the importance of adequately describing the Cigar type studied and, where appropriate, differentiating results by Cigar type. Implications Despite the diversity of the Cigar market place, historically many research studies and tobacco surveillance systems have treated Cigars as a single product type. This study describes similarities and differences in the user characteristics, tobacco use patterns, and purchasing behaviors of premium, nonpremium, Cigarillo, and filtered Cigar smokers. To enhance tobacco regulatory science, sufficient descriptions of the Cigar type(s) studied and, where appropriate, differentiation of the particular Cigar type(s) studied should be undertaken to improve the interpretation of study findings, understanding of Cigar use patterns and related behaviors and future approaches to reducing Cigar-attributable morbidity and mortality.
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preference for flavoured Cigar brands among youth young adults and adults in the usa
Tobacco Control, 2015Co-Authors: Cristine D. Delnevo, Catherine G. Corey, Bridget K. Ambrose, Daniel P Giovenco, Kevin P ConwayAbstract:Background While Cigarette consumption in the USA continues to decline, Cigar consumption has increased. Tobacco-trade publications suggest that flavoured Cigars are driving the recent growth in Cigar consumption. Limited survey data exist to explore flavoured Cigar preferences among youth and adults. Methods This study used the 2010–2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and Nielsen market scanner data. The NSDUH sample consisted of 6678 past 30-day Cigar smokers who reported smoking a usual brand of Cigars. NSDUH contains a measure on usual Cigar brand smoked and was merged with Nielsen data to estimate the per cent of each Cigar brand9s market share that is flavoured. Results Multivariate analyses indicate that youth, young adults, females, blacks, Cigarette smokers, blunt users and daily Cigar smokers are significantly more likely to report a usual Cigar brand that is flavoured. Preference for a usual brand that produces flavoured Cigars decreases significantly with age. Conclusions This study finds recent growth in flavoured Cigar consumption and preference among youth and young adults for Cigar brands that are flavoured. These findings underscore the need to expand monitoring of product attributes as well as individual-level Cigar use behaviours captured through population surveillance.
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systematic review of Cigar smoking and all cause and smoking related mortality
BMC Public Health, 2015Co-Authors: Cindy M Chang, Catherine G. Corey, Brian L. Rostron, Benjamin J. ApelbergAbstract:Background Cigars are a growing public health concern, given the changes in Cigar use patterns in the US and elsewhere since the 1960s. We conducted a systematic review of published studies on current Cigar smoking and all-cause and cause-specific mortality risks to inform potential regulatory approaches and future research that would strengthen the body of evidence.
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Little filtered Cigar, Cigarillo, and premium Cigar smoking among adults--United States, 2012-2013.
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2014Co-Authors: Catherine G. Corey, Cristine D. Delnevo, Brian A. King, Blair N. Coleman, Corinne G. Husten, Bridget K. Ambrose, Benjamin J. ApelbergAbstract:The burden of death and disease from tobacco use in the United States has been caused overwhelmingly by Cigarettes and other smoked tobacco products. In the United States, Cigarette consumption declined during 2000-2011; however, consumption of Cigars more than doubled during the same period. The Cigar market includes diverse product types manufactured with a variety of shapes and sizes, filters, tips, flavors, and prices. Although national estimates of Cigar consumption have been reported previously, data characterizing who smokes different Cigar types are limited. A recent analysis from the 2012-2013 National Adult Tobacco Survey (NATS) found that more than one in 20 U.S. adults smoke Cigars "every day," "someday," or "rarely". This report expands upon those findings, using data from the 2012-2013 NATS to further characterize Cigar smokers by the usual type of Cigar smoked using the following categories: little filtered Cigars (LFCs), Cigarillos/other mass market Cigars (Cigarillos/MMCs), and premium Cigars. The findings indicate that among U.S. adults who smoke Cigars, 61.8% usually smoke Cigarillos/MMCs, 19.9% usually smoke premium Cigars, and the remainder, 18.4%, usually smoke LFCs. These data can help to inform public health interventions to reduce the burden of adverse health effects caused by Cigar smoking in the United States, including regulation.