The Experts below are selected from a list of 26472 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
George Havenith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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body mapping of sweating patterns in male athletes in mild exercise induced hyperthermia
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011Co-Authors: Caroline J. Smith, George HavenithAbstract:Regional variation in sweating over the body is widely recognised. However, most studies only measured a limited number of regions, with the use of differing thermal states across studies making a good meta-analysis to obtain a whole body map problematic. A study was therefore conducted to investigate regional sweat rates (RSR) and distributions over the whole body in male athletes. A modified absorbent technique was used to collect sweat at two exercise intensities [55% (I1) and 75% (I2) VO₂(max)] in moderately warm conditions (25°C, 50% rh, 2 m s(-1) air velocity). At I1 and I2, highest sweat rates were observed on the central (upper and mid) and lower back, with values as high as 1,197, 1,148, and 856 g m(-2) h(-1), respectively, at I2. Lowest values were observed on the fingers, thumbs, and palms, with values of 144, 254, and 119 g m(-2) h(-1), respectively at I2. Sweat mapping of the head demonstrated high sweat rates on the forehead (1,710 g m(-2) h(-1) at I2) compared with low values on the chin (302 g m(-2) h(-1) at I2) and cheeks (279 g m(-2) h(-1) at I2). Sweat rate increased significantly in all regions from the low to high exercise intensity, with exception of the feet and ankles. No significant correlation was present between RSR and regional skin temperature (T (sk)), nor did RSR correspond to known patterns of regional sweat gland density. The present study has provided detailed regional sweat data over the whole body and has demonstrated large intra- and inter-segmental variation and the presence of consistent patterns of regional high versus low sweat rate areas in Caucasians male athletes. This data may have important applications for Clothing Design, thermophysiological modelling and thermal manikin Design.
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The Skin Interface - Meeting Point of Physiology and Clothing Science
Textile Bioengineering and Informatics Symposium Proceedings, Vols 1 and 2, 2008Co-Authors: George Havenith, Caroline J. Smith, Tadashi FukazawaAbstract:This paper describes the relevance of knowledge of processes that happen at the skin for sports Clothing Design. It looks at skin temperature distribution while cooling, relevant e.g. to outdoor winter sports and mountaineering, at sweat distribution over the body while running, relevant e.g. to Clothing Designed for running in general and more particularly for exercise in warm and hot climates, and finally it looks into regional skin sensitivity, relevant for all fields of sports Clothing Design. As these areas interact heavily, the sports Clothing Designer needs to be aware of their influences and their interactions in order to optimise the Clothing for the specific type of sport at hand.
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male and female upper body sweat distribution during running measured with technical absorbents
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2008Co-Authors: George Havenith, Caroline J. Smith, Alison Fogarty, Rebecca Bartlett, Vincent VentenatAbstract:Body sweat distribution over the upper body in nine clothed male and female runners of equal fitness while running at 65% \( \ifmmode\expandafter\dot\else\expandafter\.\fi{V}{\text{O}}_{{{\text{2max}}}} \) and subsequent 15-min rest in a moderate climate (25°C, 53% rh) was investigated using technical absorbent materials to collect the sweat produced. No significant difference in whole body mass loss (male 474 SD 80; female 420 SD 114 g m−2 h−1) nor surface weighted average of all tested zones for exercise (male 636 SD 165; female 565 SD 222 g m−2 h−1) nor rest (male 159 SD 46; female 212 SD 75 g m−2 h−1) were observed. Local sweat rate (LSR) ranges were large and overlapped substantially in most areas. Males showed higher LSR for the mid-front (P < 0.05), sides (P < 0.05), and mid lateral back (P < 0.01) compare to females. Both sexes showed similar sweat distribution patterns over the upper body with some exceptions. Males showed higher relative (local to overall) sweat rates than females for the mid lateral back (P < 0.001), while it was lower for the upper arm (P < 0.001), lateral lower back (P < 0.05), and upper central back (P < 0.05). Sweating in both sexes was highest along the spine, and higher on the back as a whole than the chest as a whole. Upper arm sweat rate was lowest. Males showed a higher ratio of highest to lowest LSR (4.4 vs. 2.8; P < 0.05). The present study has provided more detailed information, based on more subjects, on upper body sweat distribution than previously available, which can be used in Clothing Design, thermo-physiological modelling, and thermal manikin Design.
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a test battery related to ergonomics of protective Clothing
Applied Ergonomics, 2004Co-Authors: George Havenith, R HeusAbstract:Specialised protective Clothing, such as that worn by firefighters, is usually tested only to standards which give requirements for the materials used (e.g. EN469). However,this testing often neglects the effect the manufacturing process of the garment has on the material properties,the effects of Clothing Design, sizing and fit, as well as the interaction of the Clothing with other components of the standard gear for the profession. Such effects can only be tested by looking at the protective gear as a whole. This paper deals with methods to do additional testing on protective garments with firefighter Clothing as example. In other words,methods which go beyond EN469. Human subject tests for physiological load, heat protection,ergonomic Design, loss of performance, rain/moisture protection and conspicuity/visibility of the Clothing are described and proposed for evaluation of protective Clothing in general and for further development of standards on firefighters' Clothing.
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a test battery related to ergonomics of protective Clothing
Applied Ergonomics, 2004Co-Authors: George Havenith, R HeusAbstract:Specialised protective Clothing, such as that worn by firefighters, is usually tested only to standards which give requirements for the materials used (e.g. EN469). However, this testing often neglects the effect the manufacturing process of the garment has on the material properties, the effects of Clothing Design, sizing and fit, as well as the interaction of the Clothing with other components of the standard gear for the profession. Such effects can only be tested by looking at the protective gear as a whole. This paper deals with methods to do additional testing on protective garments with firefighter Clothing as example. In other words, methods which go beyond EN469. Human subject tests for physiological load, heat protection, ergonomic Design, loss of performance, rain/moisture protection and conspicuity/visibility of the Clothing are described and proposed for evaluation of protective Clothing in general and for further development of standards on firefighters' Clothing.
R Heus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a test battery related to ergonomics of protective Clothing
Applied Ergonomics, 2004Co-Authors: George Havenith, R HeusAbstract:Specialised protective Clothing, such as that worn by firefighters, is usually tested only to standards which give requirements for the materials used (e.g. EN469). However,this testing often neglects the effect the manufacturing process of the garment has on the material properties,the effects of Clothing Design, sizing and fit, as well as the interaction of the Clothing with other components of the standard gear for the profession. Such effects can only be tested by looking at the protective gear as a whole. This paper deals with methods to do additional testing on protective garments with firefighter Clothing as example. In other words,methods which go beyond EN469. Human subject tests for physiological load, heat protection,ergonomic Design, loss of performance, rain/moisture protection and conspicuity/visibility of the Clothing are described and proposed for evaluation of protective Clothing in general and for further development of standards on firefighters' Clothing.
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a test battery related to ergonomics of protective Clothing
Applied Ergonomics, 2004Co-Authors: George Havenith, R HeusAbstract:Specialised protective Clothing, such as that worn by firefighters, is usually tested only to standards which give requirements for the materials used (e.g. EN469). However, this testing often neglects the effect the manufacturing process of the garment has on the material properties, the effects of Clothing Design, sizing and fit, as well as the interaction of the Clothing with other components of the standard gear for the profession. Such effects can only be tested by looking at the protective gear as a whole. This paper deals with methods to do additional testing on protective garments with firefighter Clothing as example. In other words, methods which go beyond EN469. Human subject tests for physiological load, heat protection, ergonomic Design, loss of performance, rain/moisture protection and conspicuity/visibility of the Clothing are described and proposed for evaluation of protective Clothing in general and for further development of standards on firefighters' Clothing.
Bilge Guvenc Tuna - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effect of sleeve pattern and fit on e textile electromyography emg electrode performance in smart Clothing Design
Sensors, 2021Co-Authors: Gozde Goncuberk, Bilge Guvenc TunaAbstract:When e-textile EMG electrodes are integrated into Clothing, the fit of the Clothing on the body, and therefore its pattern and cut become important factors affecting the EMG signal quality in relation to the seamless contact between the skin and the e-textile electrode. The research so far on these effects was conducted on commercially available Clothing or in tubular sleeve forms for arms. There is no study that investigated different Clothing pattern and fit conditions and their effect on e-textile EMG electrode performance. This study investigates the effect of Clothing pattern and fit in EMG applications using e-textile electrodes integrated onto the sleeves of custom drafted t-shirts in set-in and raglan sleeve pattern variations. E-textile electrode resistance, signal-to-noise ratio (SNRdB), power spectral density and electrode–skin impedance are measured and evaluated in set-in sleeve and raglan sleeve conditions with participants during a standardized arm movement protocol in comparison to the conventional hydrogel Ag/AgCl electrodes. The raglan sleeve pattern, widely used in athletic wear to provide extra ease for the movement of the shoulder joint, showed superior performance and therefore indicated the pattern and cut of a garment could have significant effect on EMG signal quality in Designing smart Clothing.
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Understanding the Effect of Clothing Pattern On E-Textile Electromyography (EMG) Electrode Performance
Pivoting for the Pandemic, 2020Co-Authors: Bilge Guvenc Tuna, Gozde Goncu-berkAbstract:Research shows that embroidery method provides repeatable and highly accurate results in manufacturing e-textile EMG electrodes. When e-textile EMG electrodes are integrated into Clothing, fit of the Clothing on the body and therefore cut and pattern become important factors effecting the signal quality. Fit directly affects the contact and pressure between the skin and e-textile electrode and therefore signal noise and electrical resistivity of e-textile EMG electrodes. This research analyzes the effect of pattern in Clothing Design on embroidered EMG electrodes’ performance during arm movement in comparison to the conventional hydrogel Ag/AgCl electrodes.
Guowen Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clothing resultant thermal insulation determined on a movable thermal manikin part ii effects of wind and body movement on local insulation
International Journal of Biometeorology, 2015Co-Authors: Faming Wang, Guowen Song, Xianfu Wan, Chengjiao Zhang, Wen ShiAbstract:Part II of this two-part series study was focused on examining the effects of wind and body movement on local Clothing thermal insulation. Seventeen Clothing ensembles with different layers (i.e., 1, 2, or 3 layers) were selected for this study. Local thermal insulation with different air velocities (0.15, 1.55, and 4.0 m/s) and walking speeds (0, 0.75, and 1.17 m/s) were investigated on a thermal manikin. Empirical equations for estimating local resultant Clothing insulation as a function of local insulation, air velocity, and walking speed were developed. The results showed that the effects of wind and body movement on local resultant thermal resistance are complex and differ distinctively among different body parts. In general, the reductions of local insulation with wind at the chest, abdomen, and pelvis were greater than those at the lower leg and back, and the changes at the body extremity such as the forearm, thigh, and lower leg were higher than such immobile body parts as the chest and back. In addition, the wind effect interacted with the walking effect. This study may have important applications in human local thermal comfort modeling and functional Clothing Design.
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Analysing Performance of Protective Clothing upon Hot Liquid Exposure Using Instrumented Spray Manikin
The Annals of occupational hygiene, 2013Co-Authors: Guowen SongAbstract:Hot liquid hazards existing in work environments present a common risk in workplace safety in numerous industries. In this study, a newly developed instrumented manikin system was used to assess the protective performance provided by protective Clothing against hot liquid splash. The skin burn injury and its distribution for the selected Clothing system were predicted and the effects of Clothing Design features (fabric properties and garment size) on protective performance were investigated. The air gap size and distribution existing between protective Clothing and human skin were characterized using 3D body scanning, and their relation to skin burn injury was identified. The mechanism associated with heat and mass transfer under exposure to hot liquid splashes was discussed. The findings provided technical bases to improve the performance of protective Clothing. For protective Clothing Design, minimizing mass transfer through Clothing system is very important to provide high performance. Keeping the air gap between the garment and the human body is an essential approach to improve thermal performance. This can be achieved by proper Design in size and fit, or applying functional textile materials.
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analysis of cold protective Clothing s Design and market functional structural Design
Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2012Co-Authors: Guowen Song, Yu Jing ZhangAbstract:Relationships of cold protective Clothing Design and market were explored for apparel function and structure, and cold protective Clothing company product to successful meet market demand. People require a large number of outdoor cold protective Clothing that makes a chain of market, Designer, consumer and manufacturer. They are not only focus on apparel functional comfort but also garment style preference structural Design. Sophisticated new technologies are available to the apparel industry to create automated custom-fitted Clothing, using 3-D body scanning and software Designed to automate patternmaking to effectively improve productivity [1]. Currently, the quantification of fit is complex and ambiguous and objective methods. The purpose of this study was to explore the cold protective Clothing manufacturer should have the necessary conditions on function and structure for the market demand.
Jintu Fan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prediction of Clothing thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance of the clothed body walking in wind
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2006Co-Authors: Xiaoming Qian, Jintu FanAbstract:Clothing thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance are the two most important parameters in thermal environmental engineering, functional Clothing Design and end use of Clothing ensembles. In this study, Clothing thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance of various types of Clothing ensembles were measured using the walking-able sweating manikin, Walter, under various environmental conditions and walking speeds. Based on an extensive experimental investigation and an improved understanding of the effects of body activities and environmental conditions, a simple but effective direct regression model has been established, for predicting the Clothing thermal insulation and moisture vapour resistance under wind and walking motion, from those when the manikin was standing in still air. The model has been validated by using experimental data reported in the previous literature. It has shown that the new models have advantages and provide very accurate prediction.