The Experts below are selected from a list of 69 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Guowen Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • using artificial neural network modeling to analyze the thermal protective and thermo physiological comfort Performance of textile fabrics used in oilfield workers Clothing
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021
    Co-Authors: Sumit Mandal, Nurusshafa Mazumder, Robert J Agnew, Indu Bala Grover, Guowen Song
    Abstract:

    Most of the fatalities and injuries of oilfield workers result from inadequate protection and comfort by their Clothing under various work hazards and ambient environments. Both the thermal protective Performance and thermo-physiological comfort Performance of textile fabrics used in Clothing significantly contribute to the mitigation of workers’ skin burns and heat-stress-related deaths. This study aimed to apply the ANN modeling approach to analyze Clothing Performance considering the wearers’ sweat moisture and the microclimate air gap that is generated in between their body and Clothing. Firstly, thermal protective and thermo-physiological comfort Performance of fire protective textiles used in oilfield workers’ Clothing were characterized. Different fabric properties (e.g., thickness, weight, fabric count), thermal protective Performance, and thermo-physiological comfort Performance were measured. The key fabric property that affects thermal protective and thermo-physiological Performance was identified as thickness by statistical analysis. The ANN modeling approach could be successfully implemented to analyze the Performance of fabrics in order to predict the Performance more conveniently based on the fabric properties. It is expected that the developed models could inform on-duty oilfield workers about protective and thermo-physiological comfort Performance and provide them with occupational health and safety.

  • An exploration of enhancing thermal protective Clothing Performance by incorporating aerogel and phase change materials
    Fire and Materials, 2017
    Co-Authors: Hui Zhang, Guowen Song, Haitao Ren, Juan Cao
    Abstract:

    Summary Thermal liners play a critical role in thermal protective Performance for firefighter gear. Effective engineering of textile material is necessary to enhance this protective Performance. A modified thermal protective erformance (TPP) tester was used to study the influence of incorporating aerogel and microencapsulated phase change materials (MPCMs) in thermal liners (including a traditional thermal liner, phase-change layer, and aerogel layer) and the relevant parameters associated with enhanced thermal liner Performance. Two different phase-transition temperature (45°C and 50°C) of MPCM were selected. The samples were exposed to a medium intensity radiation of 15 kW/m2 for 240 seconds, and a skin burn model was applied for second-degree burn prediction. Given the selected, results showed that the best TPP in this study was achieved when the phase-transition temperature of MPCM was 45°C and the layering order consisted of the traditional thermal layer (closest to heat source), followed by an aerogel layer, and a final MPCM layer. The predicted second-degree burn time was 218.3 seconds and increased by 90% compared with only containing traditional thermal liner with a thickness of 5 mm. For all 3 materials contained in the thermal liner, the relationship between absorbed energy and predicted second-degree skin burn time indicated that they had a remarkable negative linear correlation (R2 was 0.9792). The experimental data and predicted results were in good agreement, with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9911. The findings provide a scientific basis for future textile engineering and a novel approach to improve TPP.

  • the impact of air gap on thermal Performance of protective Clothing against hot water spray
    Textile Research Journal, 2015
    Co-Authors: Yehu Lu, Guowen Song, Faming Wang
    Abstract:

    The air gap size and distribution developed between Clothing and a human body play a critical role in Clothing Performance, specifically for thermal protective Clothing. Hot liquid is considered as one of the common hazards in industrial working environments. In this study, the Clothing air layer entrapped between protective Clothing and a manikin body was determined using three-dimensional body scanning, and the protective Performance provide by the Clothing was predicted using an instrumented hot water spray manikin evaluation system. The relationship between the average air gap size and overall protective Performance was analyzed. The impact of Clothing air gap developed along the human body on predicted burn injury was considered. In addition, the air gap distribution and its relation to skin burn injury were compared for the selected garments. In general, the results indicated that the average air gap size showed positive effects on the overall protective Performance. For all body parts except the pe...

  • the impact of air gap on thermal Performance of protective Clothing against hot water spray
    Textile Research Journal, 2015
    Co-Authors: Guowen Song, Faming Wang
    Abstract:

    The air gap size and distribution developed between Clothing and a human body play a critical role in Clothing Performance, specifically for thermal protective Clothing. Hot liquid is considered as...

  • laboratory evaluation of thermal protective Clothing Performance upon hot liquid splash
    Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 2013
    Co-Authors: Farzan Gholamreza, Guowen Song
    Abstract:

    This study provides an understanding of heat and mass transfer through materials exposed to hot liquid splash, a relatively unexplored hazard in the safety Clothing industry. Selected fabrics and layered systems were exposed to three hot liquids to study the effects of hot liquids and configuration. To explore the energy transfer mechanisms, a modified apparatus (based on ASTM F 2701-08) was developed to assess the protection Performance provided by a fabric when exposed to a hot liquid. The modified test method allows measurement of the energy absorbed by the sensor, and with the use of a skin model, the time required to produce a second-degree burn injury was predicted. The preliminary testing demonstrated that mass transfer of the hot liquid through the fabric is the main factor contributing to burn injury. Key factors that determine the level of protection that a fabric system provides are summarized. Language: en

Donald J. Bergstrom - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer in Firefighters' Protective Clothing with Multiple Air Gaps during Flash Fire Exposure
    Numerical Heat Transfer Part A-applications, 2012
    Co-Authors: A. Ghazy, Donald J. Bergstrom
    Abstract:

    A finite volume model was developed to simulate transient heat transfer in firefighters' protective Clothing during flash fire exposure. The model domain consists of three layers of fire-resistant fabrics (outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal liner) with two air gaps between the Clothing layers, the human skin, and the air gap between the Clothing and the skin. The model accounts for the combined conduction-radiation heat transfer in the air gaps entrapped between the Clothing layers, and between the Clothing and the skin. The variation in the air gap properties and energy content during both the exposure and the cool down periods was accounted for. Predictions were obtained for the temperature and heat flux distributions in the fabric layers, skin, and air gaps as a function of time. The influence of each air gap on the Clothing Performance was investigated as well. This article demonstrates the importance of accurately modeling the contributions of the air gaps in order to predict the protective c...

  • Influence of the air gap between protective Clothing and skin on Clothing Performance during flash fire exposure
    Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011
    Co-Authors: A. Ghazy, Donald J. Bergstrom
    Abstract:

    A finite volume model was developed to simulate transient heat transfer in protective Clothing during flash fire exposure. The model accounts for the combined conduction-radiation heat transfer in the air gap between the fabric and skin. The variation in the fabric and air gap properties with temperature and the thermochemical reactions in the fabric are also considered. This study investigates the influence of the air gap in protective Clothing on the energy transfer through the Clothing and hence on its Performance. Different parameters that affect the conduction-radiation heat transfer through the air gap such as the air gap absorption coefficient and the air gap width were studied. Finally, the paper demonstrates that an innovative and potentially significant way to improve protective Clothing Performance is to reduce the emissivity on the backside of the fabric.

A. Ghazy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • influence of thermal shrinkage on protective Clothing Performance during fire exposure numerical investigation
    Mechanical Engineering Research, 2014
    Co-Authors: A. Ghazy
    Abstract:

    The thermal shrinkage of protective Clothing during fire exposure plays a crucial rule in reducing the Clothing protective Performance. The transversal reduction in the fabric perimeter around the body due to the fabric thermal shrinkage causes a dynamic reduction in the air gap between the Clothing and the body. This leads to a dynamic change in the heat transfer modes within the gap. Despite of its influential effect on the Clothing Performance, the thermal shrinkage of protective Clothing during fire exposure has not been yet addressed in the literature. This can be attributed to the absence of a gap model that can capture the reciprocal change in heat transfer modes within the gap due to Clothing shrinkage. This paper develops a finite volume model to investigate the influence of the fabric thermal shrinkage on protective Clothing Performance. A special attention was drawn to the model of the air gap between the Clothing and skin as it responds directly to the Clothing thermal shrinkage. The influence of a variation in the fabric shrinkage rate and the overall reduction in the fabric dimensions was investigated. The paper demonstrates that the Clothing protective Performance continuously decreases with the reduction in the fabric dimensions while the decay in the Clothing protective Performance is limited to small shrinkage rates of the fabric. Moreover, this decay in the Clothing Performance vanishes at high shrinkage rates of the fabric.

  • numerical simulation of the influence of fabric s motion on protective Clothing Performance during flash fire exposure
    Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013
    Co-Authors: A. Ghazy, Donald J Ergstrom
    Abstract:

    The motion of a person wearing protective Clothing induces the Clothing to move periodically towards the skin causing a cyclic variation in the air gap between the fabric and the skin. At the same time, the Clothing movement causes cooling air to periodically flow into the air gap between the fabric and the skin. This paper uses a finite volume model to investigate these two effects and the resultant effect of the protective Clothing movement on its Performance during flash fire exposure. Special attention is drawn to the air gap model since it responds directly to the Clothing movement. A parametric study is carried out to investigate the influence of a wider range of Clothing movement. Specifically, the effect of the variation in the periodic movement frequency and amplitude on the Clothing Performance was investigated. The results show that increasing the movement frequency improves the Clothing protective Performance, while increasing the movement amplitude worsens the Clothing Performance.

  • Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer in Firefighters' Protective Clothing with Multiple Air Gaps during Flash Fire Exposure
    Numerical Heat Transfer Part A-applications, 2012
    Co-Authors: A. Ghazy, Donald J. Bergstrom
    Abstract:

    A finite volume model was developed to simulate transient heat transfer in firefighters' protective Clothing during flash fire exposure. The model domain consists of three layers of fire-resistant fabrics (outer shell, moisture barrier, and thermal liner) with two air gaps between the Clothing layers, the human skin, and the air gap between the Clothing and the skin. The model accounts for the combined conduction-radiation heat transfer in the air gaps entrapped between the Clothing layers, and between the Clothing and the skin. The variation in the air gap properties and energy content during both the exposure and the cool down periods was accounted for. Predictions were obtained for the temperature and heat flux distributions in the fabric layers, skin, and air gaps as a function of time. The influence of each air gap on the Clothing Performance was investigated as well. This article demonstrates the importance of accurately modeling the contributions of the air gaps in order to predict the protective c...

  • Influence of the air gap between protective Clothing and skin on Clothing Performance during flash fire exposure
    Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011
    Co-Authors: A. Ghazy, Donald J. Bergstrom
    Abstract:

    A finite volume model was developed to simulate transient heat transfer in protective Clothing during flash fire exposure. The model accounts for the combined conduction-radiation heat transfer in the air gap between the fabric and skin. The variation in the fabric and air gap properties with temperature and the thermochemical reactions in the fabric are also considered. This study investigates the influence of the air gap in protective Clothing on the energy transfer through the Clothing and hence on its Performance. Different parameters that affect the conduction-radiation heat transfer through the air gap such as the air gap absorption coefficient and the air gap width were studied. Finally, the paper demonstrates that an innovative and potentially significant way to improve protective Clothing Performance is to reduce the emissivity on the backside of the fabric.

Yunyi Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effect of air gaps characteristics on thermal protective Performance of firefighters Clothing
    International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Meng Deng, Yunyi Wang, Peijing Li
    Abstract:

    Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide the details of developments to research works in the distribution characteristics of the air gaps within firefighters’ Clothing and research methods to evaluate the effect of air gaps on the thermal protective Performance of firefighters’ Clothing. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the distribution of air gaps within firefighters’ Clothing was first analyzed, and the air gaps characteristics were summarized as thickness, location, heterogeneity, orientation and dynamics. Then, the evaluation of the air gap on the thermal protective Performance of fighters’ Clothing was reviewed for both experimental and numerical studies. Findings The air gaps within Clothing layers and between Clothing and skin play an important role in determining the thermal protective Performance of firefighters’ protective Clothing. It is obvious that research works on the effects of actual air gaps entrapped in firefighters’ Clothing on thermal protection are comparatively few in number, primarily focusing on static and uniform air gaps at the fabric level. Further studies should be conducted to define the characteristic of air gap, deepen the understand of mechanism of heat transfer and numerically simulate the 3D dynamic heat transfer in Clothing to improve the evaluation of thermal protective Performance provided by the firefighters’ Clothing. Practical implications Air gaps within thermal protective Clothing play a crucial role in the protective Performance of Clothing and provide an efficient way to provide fire-fighting occupational safety. To accurately characterize the distribution of air gaps in firefighters’ Clothing under high heat exposure, the paper will provide guidelines for Clothing engineers to design Clothing for fighters and optimize the Clothing Performance. Originality/value This paper is offered as a concise reference for researchers’ further research in the area of the effect of air gaps within firefighters’ Clothing under thermal exposure.

  • effect of air gaps characteristics on thermal protective Performance of firefighters Clothing a review
    International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 2018
    Co-Authors: Meng Deng, Yunyi Wang
    Abstract:

    The purpose of this paper is to provide the details of developments to research works in the distribution characteristics of the air gaps within firefighters’ Clothing and research methods to evaluate the effect of air gaps on the thermal protective Performance of firefighters’ Clothing.,In this paper, the distribution of air gaps within firefighters’ Clothing was first analyzed, and the air gaps characteristics were summarized as thickness, location, heterogeneity, orientation and dynamics. Then, the evaluation of the air gap on the thermal protective Performance of fighters’ Clothing was reviewed for both experimental and numerical studies.,The air gaps within Clothing layers and between Clothing and skin play an important role in determining the thermal protective Performance of firefighters’ protective Clothing. It is obvious that research works on the effects of actual air gaps entrapped in firefighters’ Clothing on thermal protection are comparatively few in number, primarily focusing on static and uniform air gaps at the fabric level. Further studies should be conducted to define the characteristic of air gap, deepen the understand of mechanism of heat transfer and numerically simulate the 3D dynamic heat transfer in Clothing to improve the evaluation of thermal protective Performance provided by the firefighters’ Clothing.,Air gaps within thermal protective Clothing play a crucial role in the protective Performance of Clothing and provide an efficient way to provide fire-fighting occupational safety. To accurately characterize the distribution of air gaps in firefighters’ Clothing under high heat exposure, the paper will provide guidelines for Clothing engineers to design Clothing for fighters and optimize the Clothing Performance.,This paper is offered as a concise reference for researchers’ further research in the area of the effect of air gaps within firefighters’ Clothing under thermal exposure.

Humphries, Murray M. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Thermal Imaging and Physiological Analysis of Cold-Climate Caribou-Skin Clothing
    'The Arctic Institute of North America', 2020
    Co-Authors: Hill, Richard W., Tattersall, Glenn J., Campbell, Kevin L., Reinfort Breanne, Breit, Ana M., Riewe, Rick R., Humphries, Murray M.
    Abstract:

    Protective Clothing is essential for human existence in the Arctic, and caribou-skin Clothing has played a pivotal role for millennia. Although people with northern experience often extol caribou-skin Clothing, few scientific studies have investigated its properties. We used infrared thermal imaging in a pilot study to compare authentic caribou-skin Clothing sewn by traditional Inuit seamstresses with two other types of cold-weather Clothing: a standard-issue, Canadian army, winter uniform and an ensemble of modern retail Clothing designed for extreme cold (a down anorak and snowmobile pants). To make the comparison, two subjects sequentially wore the three types of Clothing—caribou skin, army uniform, and modern retail—in a still air, uniform thermal environment (where radiant temperatures of all environmental surfaces were equal to air temperature) at −21°C to −23°C (−6°F to −10°F). Thermal imaging quantifies the temperature of the outer surface of Clothing, thereby providing key, functionally relevant information on the interface where Clothing and environment meet. Under otherwise similar conditions, a low Clothing surface temperature indicates superior Clothing Performance and a reduced rate of heat loss from the body to the environment. Caribou-skin Clothing was similar to modern extreme-cold retail Clothing: the whole-body composite surface temperature of our subjects wearing caribou-skin Clothing was −22.1°C to −22.7°C, compared with −21.6°C in both subjects wearing the modern retail Clothing. The army winter uniform (−18.9°C to −20.0°C) was inferior. These quantitative results were mirrored by the subjects’ subjective impressions. A particular advantage of thermal imaging is that it pinpoints locations in Clothing where heat leaks occur. Although the two types of modern Clothing exhibited heat leaks at zippered structures (even though fully closed), the caribou-skin Clothing evaded such heat leaks by lacking such structures, because it is donned over the head. The integral hood characteristic of a caribou-skin parka was also superior in comparison to the detachable hood of the army uniform.Les vêtements de protection sont essentiels à l’existence humaine dans l’Arctique, et les vêtements en peau de caribou y jouent un rôle vital depuis des millénaires. Même si les gens qui ont évolué dans le Nord vantent souvent les mérites des vêtements en peau de caribou, peu d’études scientifiques ont été réalisées au sujet de leurs propriétés. Nous nous sommes servi d’imagerie thermique infrarouge dans le cadre d’une étude pilote visant à comparer les vêtements en peau de caribou authentique cousus par des couturières inuites traditionnelles à deux autres types de vêtements pour temps froid : un uniforme d’hiver standard de l’Armée canadienne et un ensemble de vêtements modernes du détail conçus pour des froids extrêmes (un anorak en duvet et des pantalons de motoneige). À des fins de comparaison, deux sujets ont porté, dans l’ordre séquentiel, les trois types de vêtements — vêtement en peau de caribou, uniforme de l’armée et vêtements modernes du détail — dans des conditions de vent nul thermique uniforme (où les températures radiatives de toutes les surfaces environnementales sont égales à la température de l’air) moyennant des températures allant de −21 °C à −23 °C (de −6 °F à −10 °F). L’imagerie thermique quantifie la température de la surface extérieure du vêtement, ce qui permet d’obtenir de l’information fonctionnellement pertinente et essentielle sur le point de rencontre du vêtement et de l’environnement. Dans des conditions par ailleurs semblables, la faible température du vêtement en surface indique un rendement supérieur pour ce vêtement et un taux réduit de perte de chaleur du corps à l’environnement. Les vêtements en peau de caribou ont donné des résultats semblables aux vêtements pour froid extrême modernes du détail : la température composite du corps entier de nos sujets portant les vêtements en peau de caribou variait de −22,1 °C à −22,7 °C, comparativement à −21,6 °C chez les deux sujets portant les vêtements modernes du détail. Les températures de l’uniforme d’hiver de l’armée étaient inférieures (de −18,9 °C à −20,0 °C). Ces résultats quantitatifs cadraient avec les impressions subjectives des sujets. Un des avantages particuliers de l’imagerie thermique, c’est qu’elle permet de repérer là où les pertes de chaleur se produisent dans les vêtements. Bien que les deux types de vêtements modernes perdaient de la chaleur à l’endroit des fermetures éclair (même si elles étaient fermées complètement), les vêtements en peau de caribou n’affichaient pas de telles pertes de chaleur en raison de l’absence de structures de ce genre parce que ces vêtements s’enfilent par la tête. Par ailleurs, il y a lieu de noter que la caractéristique intégrale du capuchon du parka en peau de caribou était également supérieure à celle du capuchon amovible de l’uniforme militaire

  • Thermal Imaging and Physiological Analysis of Cold-Climate Caribou-Skin Clothing
    'The Arctic Institute of North America', 2019
    Co-Authors: Hill, Richard W., Tattersall, Glenn J., Campbell, Kevin L., Reinfort Breanne, Breit, Ana M., Riewe, Rick R., Humphries, Murray M.
    Abstract:

    Protective Clothing is essential for human existence in the Arctic, and caribou-skin Clothing has played a pivotal role for millennia. Although people with northern experience often extol caribou-skin Clothing, few scientific studies have investigated its properties. We used infrared thermal imaging in a pilot study to compare authentic caribou-skin Clothing sewn by traditional Inuit seamstresses with two other types of cold-weather Clothing: a standard-issue, Canadian army, winter uniform and an ensemble of modern retail Clothing designed for extreme cold (a down anorak and snowmobile pants). To make the comparison, two subjects sequentially wore the three types of Clothing—caribou skin, army uniform, and modern retail—in a still air, uniform thermal environment (where radiant temperatures of all environmental surfaces were equal to air temperature) at −21°C to −23°C (−6°F to −10°F). Thermal imaging quantifies the temperature of the outer surface of Clothing, thereby providing key, functionally relevant information on the interface where Clothing and environment meet. Under otherwise similar conditions, a low Clothing surface temperature indicates superior Clothing Performance and a reduced rate of heat loss from the body to the environment. Caribou-skin Clothing was similar to modern extreme-cold retail Clothing: the whole-body composite surface temperature of our subjects wearing caribou-skin Clothing was −22.1°C to −22.7°C, compared with −21.6°C in both subjects wearing the modern retail Clothing. The army winter uniform (−18.9°C to −20.0°C) was inferior. These quantitative results were mirrored by the subjects’ subjective impressions. A particular advantage of thermal imaging is that it pinpoints locations in Clothing where heat leaks occur. Although the two types of modern Clothing exhibited heat leaks at zippered structures (even though fully closed), the caribou-skin Clothing evaded such heat leaks by lacking such structures, because it is donned over the head. The integral hood characteristic of a caribou-skin parka was also superior in comparison to the detachable hood of the army uniform