The Experts below are selected from a list of 20259 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lilach Lurie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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occupational welfare in israel a study of Collective Agreements and benefits
Social Science Research Network, 2021Co-Authors: Lilach LurieAbstract:Welfare regimes differ in how they supply social benefits such as pensions, disability allowances, and unemployment funding. In several regimes, the social partners – employee unions and employers’ associations – provide social benefits for workers. These regimes promote occupational welfare. This article aims to study the advantages and limitations of occupational welfare through the case study of Israel – a country in which the social partners promote occupational welfare by means of Collective Agreements. It examines the ways Collective Agreements – directly and indirectly – advance occupational welfare in Israel. The research includes a quantitative study of all Collective Agreements concluded in Israel in the period 1957-2016 and a qualitative study of Israeli Collective Agreements at the national level. The study shows that although Israel’s social partners lost much of their power during this period, they are still able to promote occupational welfare, and that Israeli social partners promote innovative workplace policies through Collective Agreements. Several occupational welfare arrangements first introduced in Collective Agreements were later extended through legislation or extension orders to all Israeli workers. Without Collective bargaining, important occupational welfare benefits might have not been introduced. However, state legislation was needed to fix the flaws of these arrangements, including enforcement problems and lack of coverage of the self-employed.
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new technologies old problems Collective bargaining Agreements and technology changes in the israeli banking sector
Social Science Research Network, 2021Co-Authors: Lilach LurieAbstract:Thirty years ago, in 1986, a Collective agreement in Bank Leumi dealt with ending the work of perforators in an Israeli bank due to new technologies. The phenomenon of replacement of labor by technology in general, in the bank sector in particular, is not new. Nonetheless, new technologies such as digitalization, robotization and artificial intelligence pose new challenges to governments, unions, corporations and employees. Moreover, in the last few decades many states have scaled down their involvement in the labor market, privatized their public job services and dramatically cut income support to the unemployed. At the same time, unions across all OECD countries have been facing a sharp decrease in memberships and have lost much of their power. These trends raise questions regarding states’ and unions’ ability to assist vulnerable workers in general, workers who are being replaced by technology more specifically. This article addresses the Israeli social response to the displacement of labor by digitalization, robotization and artificial intelligence. It studies the governmental programs, which aim to retrain or reskill workers who are being displaced by technology. After studying the governmental programs, the article will demonstrate the capacity of trade unions to address the effects of new technologies by drawing on the case study of employment policies and Collective Agreements in Israeli banks. I have chosen to focus on the case study of Israeli banks for several reasons. First, Israeli banks have introduced many technological changes in recent years. Second, the Israeli Supervisor of Banks encourages customers to use digital options instead of coming to the branches. Third, in recent years Israeli banks have been downsizing the number of their branches as well as the number of their employees. Fourth, in Israel the bank sector is highly unionized. In the five big Israeli banks, employment policy is regulated through Collective Agreements that by law are open to public scrutiny and are published on the Ministry of Labor’s website. The case study of the bank sector in Israel is therefore useful for examining unions’ and employers’ response to the introduction of new technologies. In order to study the employment policies in the bank sector in Israel – especially those that were promoted by both unions and employers – I surveyed all of the Collective Agreements in the five big banks in Israel since the enactment of the Collective Agreement Law in 1957, altogether 1268 Collective Agreements. I supplemented the research by conversations with several stakeholders as well as data from newspaper articles and governmental reports. The article proceeds as follows. Following the Introduction, Part I discusses the effects of technology changes on employment as well as the main solutions to job replacement due to technology. Part II discusses the Israeli labor market and employability policy. Part III analyzes the case study of job replacement due to technology in Israeli banks. The last Part concludes.
Virginia Doellgast - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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still a coordinated model market liberalization and the transformation of employment relations in the german telecommunications industry
2009Co-Authors: Virginia DoellgastAbstract:This paper examines recent changes in Collective bargaining and employer strategies in the German telecommunications industry following market liberalization in the late 1990s. Germany's distinctive co-determination and vocational training institutions encouraged large firms to adopt employment systems in technician and call center workplaces that relied on high levels of worker skill and discretion. However, organizational restructuring is undermining these gains, as firms use outsourcing and the creation of subsidiaries to escape or renegotiate company-level Collective Agreements. These trends have substantially weakened unions and contributed to the further disorganization of coordinated bargaining structures. Findings are based on interviews with union and works council representatives, managers, and employees at Deutsche Telekom and its major competitors conducted between 2003 and 2007, as well as secondary analysis of company documents and industry reports.
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still a coordinated model market liberalization and the transformation of employment relations in the german telecommunications industry
Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 2009Co-Authors: Virginia DoellgastAbstract:This paper examines recent changes in Collective bargaining and employer strategies in the German telecommunications industry following market liberalization in the late 1990s. Germany's distinctive co-determination and vocational training institutions encouraged large firms to adopt employment systems in technician and call center workplaces that relied on high levels of worker skill and discretion. However, organizational restructuring is undermining these gains, as firms use outsourcing and the creation of subsidiaries to escape or weaken company-level Collective Agreements. These trends have substantially weakened unions and contributed to the further disorganization of coordinated bargaining structures. Findings are based on interviews with union and works council representatives, managers, and employees at Deutsche Telekom and its major competitors conducted between 2003 and 2007, as well as secondary analysis of company documents and industry reports.
Steven Poelhekke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inter industry wage differentials in eu countries what do cross country time varying data add to the picture
Journal of the European Economic Association, 2010Co-Authors: Philip Du Caju, Gabor Katay, Ana Lamo, Daphne Nicolitsas, Steven PoelhekkeAbstract:This paper documents the existence and main patterns of inter-industry wage differentials across a large number of industries for 8 EU countries (Belgium, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, and Spain) at two points in time (in general 1995 and 2002) and explores possible explanations for these patterns. The analysis uses the European Structure of Earnings Survey (SES), an internationally harmonised matched employer-employee dataset, to estimate inter-industry wage differentials conditional on a rich set of employee, employer and job characteristics. After investigating the possibility that unobservable employee characteristics lie behind the conditional wage differentials, a hypothesis which cannot be accepted, the paper investigates the role of institutional, industry structure and industry performance characteristics in explaining inter-industry wage differentials. The results suggest that inter-industry wage differentials are consistent with rent sharing mechanisms and that rent sharing is more likely in industries with firm-level Collective Agreements and with higher Collective agreement coverage. JEL Classification: J31, J41, J51
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inter industry wage differentials in eu countries what do cross country time varying data add to the picture
2010Co-Authors: Philip Du Caju, Gabor Katay, Ana Lamo, Daphne Nicolitsas, Steven PoelhekkeAbstract:This paper documents the existence and main patterns of inter-industry wage differentials across a large number of industries for 8 EU countries at two points in time and explores possible explanations for these. The analysis uses the European Structure of Earnings Survey (SES), an internationally harmonised matched employer-employee dataset, to estimate inter-industry wage differentials conditional on a set of employee, employer and job characteristics. After investigating the possibility that unobservable employee characteristics lie behind the conditional wage differentials, a hypothesis which cannot be accepted, the paper investigates the role of institutional, industry structure and performance characteristics in explaining inter-industry wage differentials. The results suggest that inter-industry wage differentials are consistent with rent sharing mechanisms and that rent sharing is more likely in industries with firm-level Collective Agreements and with higher Collective agreement coverage.
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inter industry wage differentials in eu countries what do cross country time varying data add to the picture national bank of belgium working paper no 189 april 2010
2010Co-Authors: Philip Du Caju, Gabor Katay, Ana Lamo, Daphne Nicolitsas, Steven PoelhekkeAbstract:This paper documents the existence of inter-industry wage differentials across a large number of industries for eight EU countries (Belgium, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain) at two different points in time (in general, 1995 and 2002). It then looks into possible explanations for the main patterns observed. The analysis uses the European Structure of Earnings Survey (SES), an internationally-harmonised matched employer-employee dataset, to estimate inter-industry wage differentials conditional on a rich set of employee, employer and job characteristics. After investigating the possibility that unobservable employee characteristics lie behind the conditional wage differentials, a hypothesis which cannot be accepted, the paper considers the role of institutional features, as well as industry structure and performance in explaining inter-industry wage differentials. The results suggest that inter-industry wage differentials are consistent with rent-sharing mechanisms and that rent-sharing is more likely in industries with firm-level Collective Agreements and with higher Collective agreement coverage.
A A H Van Hoek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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finding a legal framework for transnational Collective Agreements through private international law
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: A A H Van HoekAbstract:The exact definition of transnational company Agreements may be elusive, but Agreements between representatives of workers and management that span more than one jurisdiction do exist is practice. They are a growing social phenomenon to which law must formulate an answer. This contribution looks at the legal status of transnational company Agreements from the point of view of private international law: what happens when one of the parties to a transnational company agreement tries to enforce a TCA in a national court, claiming that the agreement is a binding contract with normative effect? Are the European Regulations Brussels I and Rome I applicable to disputes relating to transnational company Agreements? Which court would have jurisdiction to hear such a case and which law would that court apply to the conflict? The analysis of the current rules leads to a list of six recommendations to social partners involved in transnational negotiations.
Philip Du Caju - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the incidence of nominal and real wage rigidity an individual based sectoral approach
2010Co-Authors: Julian Messina, Philip Du Caju, Claudia Duarte, Niels Lynggard Hansen, Mario IzquierdoAbstract:This paper presents estimates based on individual data on downward nominal and real wage rigidities for thirteen sectors in Belgium, Denmark, Spain and Portugal. Our methodology follows the approach recently developed for the International Wage Flexibility Project, whereby resistance to nominal and real wage cuts is measured through departures of observed individual wage-change histograms from an estimated counterfactual wage-change distribution that would have prevailed in the absence of any rigidity. We evaluate the role of worker and firm characteristics in shaping wage rigidities. We also confront our estimates of wage rigidities with structural features of the labour markets studied, such as the wage bargaining level, variable pay policy and the degree of product market competition. We find that the use of firm-level Collective Agreements in countries with rather centralised wage formation reduces the degree of real wage rigidity. This finding suggests that some degree of decentralisation within centralised countries allows firms to adjust wages downwards, when business conditions take a turn for the worse
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inter industry wage differentials in eu countries what do cross country time varying data add to the picture
Journal of the European Economic Association, 2010Co-Authors: Philip Du Caju, Gabor Katay, Ana Lamo, Daphne Nicolitsas, Steven PoelhekkeAbstract:This paper documents the existence and main patterns of inter-industry wage differentials across a large number of industries for 8 EU countries (Belgium, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, and Spain) at two points in time (in general 1995 and 2002) and explores possible explanations for these patterns. The analysis uses the European Structure of Earnings Survey (SES), an internationally harmonised matched employer-employee dataset, to estimate inter-industry wage differentials conditional on a rich set of employee, employer and job characteristics. After investigating the possibility that unobservable employee characteristics lie behind the conditional wage differentials, a hypothesis which cannot be accepted, the paper investigates the role of institutional, industry structure and industry performance characteristics in explaining inter-industry wage differentials. The results suggest that inter-industry wage differentials are consistent with rent sharing mechanisms and that rent sharing is more likely in industries with firm-level Collective Agreements and with higher Collective agreement coverage. JEL Classification: J31, J41, J51
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inter industry wage differentials in eu countries what do cross country time varying data add to the picture
2010Co-Authors: Philip Du Caju, Gabor Katay, Ana Lamo, Daphne Nicolitsas, Steven PoelhekkeAbstract:This paper documents the existence and main patterns of inter-industry wage differentials across a large number of industries for 8 EU countries at two points in time and explores possible explanations for these. The analysis uses the European Structure of Earnings Survey (SES), an internationally harmonised matched employer-employee dataset, to estimate inter-industry wage differentials conditional on a set of employee, employer and job characteristics. After investigating the possibility that unobservable employee characteristics lie behind the conditional wage differentials, a hypothesis which cannot be accepted, the paper investigates the role of institutional, industry structure and performance characteristics in explaining inter-industry wage differentials. The results suggest that inter-industry wage differentials are consistent with rent sharing mechanisms and that rent sharing is more likely in industries with firm-level Collective Agreements and with higher Collective agreement coverage.
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inter industry wage differentials in eu countries what do cross country time varying data add to the picture national bank of belgium working paper no 189 april 2010
2010Co-Authors: Philip Du Caju, Gabor Katay, Ana Lamo, Daphne Nicolitsas, Steven PoelhekkeAbstract:This paper documents the existence of inter-industry wage differentials across a large number of industries for eight EU countries (Belgium, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain) at two different points in time (in general, 1995 and 2002). It then looks into possible explanations for the main patterns observed. The analysis uses the European Structure of Earnings Survey (SES), an internationally-harmonised matched employer-employee dataset, to estimate inter-industry wage differentials conditional on a rich set of employee, employer and job characteristics. After investigating the possibility that unobservable employee characteristics lie behind the conditional wage differentials, a hypothesis which cannot be accepted, the paper considers the role of institutional features, as well as industry structure and performance in explaining inter-industry wage differentials. The results suggest that inter-industry wage differentials are consistent with rent-sharing mechanisms and that rent-sharing is more likely in industries with firm-level Collective Agreements and with higher Collective agreement coverage.
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the incidence of nominal and real wage rigidity an individual based sectoral approach
Documentos de trabajo del Banco de España, 2010Co-Authors: Julian Messina, Philip Du Caju, Claudia Duarte, Niels Lynggard Hansen, Mario IzquierdoAbstract:This paper presents estimates based on individual data of downward nominal and real wage rigidities for thirteen sectors in Belgium, Denmark, Spain and Portugal. Our methodology follows the approach recently developed for the International Wage Flexibility Project, whereby resistance to nominal and real wage cuts is measured through departures of observed individual wage change histograms from an estimated counterfactual wage change distribution that would have prevailed in the absence of rigidity. We evaluate the role of worker and firm characteristics in shaping wage rigidities. We also confront our estimates of wage rigidities to structural features of the labour markets studied, such as the wage bargaining level, variable pay policy and the degree of product market competition. We find that the use of firm-level Collective Agreements in countries with rather centralized wage formation reduces the degree of real wage rigidity. This finding suggests that some degree of decentralization within highly centralized countries allows firms to adjust wages downwards, when business conditions turn bad.