The Experts below are selected from a list of 144 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Daniel Rodriguez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L.) Germination Dynamics at Extreme Temperatures
Proceedings, 2020Co-Authors: Joseph Eyre, I.j. Broad, Daniel RodriguezAbstract:Water and heat stressors during flowering are predominant limitations of dryland Sorghum yields across Australia’s north-eastern cropping zone. Crops sown early could flower before seasonal heatwaves, but the seed must uniformly germination and emerge at soil temperatures between approximately 10 to 15 °C. Furthermore, chemical coatings applied to Commercial hybrid seed lots effectively protected the developing crop from pest, disease and herbicide damage but the combined influence of low temperatures and seed coatings on germination of hybrid Sorghum seed batches is unknown. In this experiment, germination dynamics were modelled for 10 Commercial Sorghum hybrid-seed lots (with or without seed coating of a.i. thiamethoxam, oxabetrinil and thiram) incubated at continuous temperatures ranging from 9.4 to 46.1 °C. Results also show Commercial seed treatments negatively affect final germination proportion especially at sub- and supra-optimal temperatures. Some hybrid-seed lots in current experiment were more sensitive to seed coatings at either sub- or supra-optimal temperatures regardless of seed germination capability (i.e., germination proportion at 25 °C). Seeds took 5 days to reach 50% germination (t50) at 9.4 °C but germinated within 24 h at constant temperatures between 20 and 40 °C. The spread of germination (time between 10 and 90% germination) increased from 0.5 days at 30 °C to 3.8 days at 9.4 °C. Therefore, some hybrid-seedlots are suited to early sowing because they can maintain high germination proportion (>90%) even at soil temperatures (9.4 °C) as long as the seedbed remains moist for a least 12 days. Research continues identify the basis of cold tolerance in some-hybrid seedlots.
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understanding the diversity in yield potential and stability among Commercial Sorghum hybrids can inform crop designs
Field Crops Research, 2019Co-Authors: Simon J Clarke, James Mclean, Barbara Georgejaeggli, Greg Mclean, P De Voil, Joseph Eyre, Daniel RodriguezAbstract:Reducing yield gaps in dryland cropping depends on our capacity to identify combinations of genetics (G) and management (M) (i.e. crop designs, G × M) that best suit site and seasonal conditions (the environment, E). We combined empirical and modelling approaches to characterise and explain the yield stability and yield potential of Commercial Sorghum hybrids when grown under a range of agronomic managements and environments yielding between 3 and 12 t ha. The empirical data includes two seasons (2014-15 and 2015–2016) of on-farm and on-research station trials conducted across six sites in Queensland, Australia. Agronomic management treatments included plant density, row configuration, level of irrigation and fertiliser inputs, and time of sowing. Six hybrids contrasting in maturity and tillering type were characterised relative to the industry standard MR-Buster in terms of yield potential, yield stability (b), and an expected utility index that combines both indices. A medium-late maturity and high tillering hybrid (MR-Scorpio), had the highest utility rank and showed high b values due to high tiller productivity. A variety of significant row spacing and configuration, and plant density effects on yield were observed, but these were inconsistent across sites and seasons. A long-term simulation experiment across contrasting environments was used to identify hybrid traits and managements capable of modifying yield stability. Combined with the empirical data, the simulations suggest hybrids showing high biomass production and multiple productive tillers can increase the response of yield to the productivity of the environment, whereas reducing the thermal time to floral initiation may increase the stability of yields across environments. Expected changes in hybrid rank due to such G × E interactions, along with the complex effects of management on yield, increase the need to match crop design to specific sites and seasons. The value of targeted crop design depends on the diversity of traits among Commercial hybrids and the availability of a skilful seasonal climate forecast to allow farmers to match hybrids and management to prevailing and expected seasonal conditions.
John R.n. Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hardness Changes and Endosperm Modification During Sorghum Malting in Grains of Varying Hardness and Malt Quality
Cereal Chemistry Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Constance Chiremba, Muthulisi Siwela, Lloyd W. Rooney, John R.n. TaylorAbstract:ABSTRACT This study examined the interaction between Sorghum grain hardness and Sorghum malt quality in terms of diastatic power and free amino nitrogen with endosperm modification during malting. The changes in kernel hardness during malting of four Commercial Sorghum cultivars of differing quality in terms of endosperm texture and potential malt quality were measured using tests for hardness and density, and endosperm modification was followed by scanning electron microscopy. The general pattern of modification during Sorghum malting was confirmed to start at the endosperm–scutellum interface and then continue into the floury endosperm toward the kernel distal end. Significantly, a cultivar of intermediate hardness and low malting quality remained harder and modified more slowly than a harder cultivar of high malting quality. It appeared that intrinsic grain hardness and malt amylase and protease activity both affected malt hardness and endosperm modification, but amylase and protease activity had a gre...
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relationships between simple grain quality parameters for the estimation of Sorghum and maize hardness in Commercial hybrid cultivars
Cereal Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Constance Chiremba, L. W. Rooney, John R.n. TaylorAbstract:ABSTRACT Grain hardness affects Sorghum and maize processing properties especially for dry milling. A variety of simple grain quality parameters were assessed on 17 Sorghum and 35 white maize hybrid cultivars grown in six and four locations, respectively, in South Africa. The purpose was to determine tests that can be used to distinguish hardness in Commercial Sorghum and maize. The grains were characterized by test weight (TW), thousand kernel weight (TKW), decortication with the tangential abrasive dehulling device (TADD), and kernel size. Maize was also characterized for susceptibility to breakage, stress cracking, and near-infrared transmittance (NIT) milling index. Principal component analysis showed that, in nontannin and tannin Sorghums, TADD hardness and TW were closely correlated (P < 0.001). In maize, TADD hardness was closely correlated (P < 0.001) with NIT milling index and TW. Hence, TADD hardness and NIT milling index or TADD hardness and TW would be suitable for maize hardness evaluation. A...
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Relationships Between Simple Grain Quality Parameters for the Estimation of Sorghum and Maize Hardness in Commercial Hybrid Cultivars
Cereal Chemistry Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Constance Chiremba, Lloyd W. Rooney, John R.n. TaylorAbstract:Grain hardness affects Sorghum and maize processing properties especially for dry milling. A variety of simple grain quality parameters were assessed on 17 Sorghum and 35 white maize hybrid cultivars grown in six and four locations, respectively, in South Africa. The purpose was to determine tests that can be used to distinguish hardness in Commercial Sorghum and maize. The grains were characterized by test weight (TW), thousand kernel weight (TKW), decortication with the tangential abrasive dehulling device (TADD), and kernel size. Maize was also characterized for susceptibility to breakage, stress cracking, and near-infrared transmittance (NIT) milling index. Principal component analysis showed that, in nontannin and tannin Sorghums, TADD hardness and TW were closely correlated (P < 0.001). In maize, TADD hardness was closely correlated (P < 0.001) with NIT milling index and TW. Hence, TADD hardness and NIT milling index or TADD hardness and TW would be suitable for maize hardness evaluation. A combination of TADD hardness, TW, TKW, and kernel size >3.35 mm can be used together to select Sorghum grain for hardness. It thus appears that TADD hardness is an excellent method of estimating both Sorghum and maize hardness that can be applied for routine batch analysis and cultivar evaluation.The International Sorghum and Millet Collaborative Research Support Program (INTSORMIL).http://www.nonprofitjournals.org/journals/cereal_chemistry.ht
J A Awuni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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research article marketing potential for Commercial Sorghum malt in northern ghana
2013Co-Authors: B Demuyakor, J A AwuniAbstract:As part of research towards enhancing the value chain of Sorghum utilisation in Ghana, a study was conducted in four districts in the Northern and Volta regions of Ghana, to investigate the marketing prospects for Commercial Sorghum malt. Purposeful sampling technique was employed to select the communities and snowball sampling was used to identify the brewers and maltsters in the communities. Two hundred and fifteen (215) respondents were interviewed and the data obtained was analysed using descriptive statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. Majority of brewers (95 %) were willing to expand their production level while large proportion (85 %) of brewers were willing to purchase Commercial malt. This is an indication that Commercial Sorghum malt has marketing potential in the study area.
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Marketing Potential for Commercial Sorghum Malt in Northern Ghana
Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research, 2013Co-Authors: Boaresa K. Isaac, B Demuyakor, J A AwuniAbstract:The study was conducted in four districts in the Northern and Volta regions of Ghana, to investigate the Commercial potential of Sorghum malt and the quality of Sorghum and Sorghum malt that small scale brewers prefer. The constraints these small scale maltsters and brewers encounter in their work were also investigated. Purposeful sampling technique was employed to select the communities and snowball sampling was used to identify the brewers and maltsters in the communities. Two hundred and fifteen (215) respondents were interviewed in the four districts; three of the districts are located in the Northern Region and one district in the Volta Region of Ghana. The quality attributes of Sorghum and Sorghum malt preferred by the small scale breweries and maltsters include; good germination rate, presence of a characteristic flavor of malt, and that the malt should not look mouldy. The Sorghum grain should not contain foreign materials, whole/undamaged grain and that the grain should not look powdery. The quality factors of malt are very important as they determine the quality of the end product (pito) which is a determinant for good market. The common variety of Sorghum used in the northern part of Volta region is the ‘Konkomba’ Sorghum variety. While Naga red is most commonly used variety of Sorghum in the Northern region followed by Chere and the mixture of Naga red and Chere. The constraints brewers and maltsters encountered in these areas include; shortage of Sorghum, increase in Sorghum price, malt losses due to bad weather during the raining season, poor market for pito during the raining season and lack of financial institutions to support them with funds. The Commercial prospect for Sorghum malt as revealed by the study indicates that 85% of the respondents were willing to purchase Commercial Sorghum malt. Key words: Sorghum varieties, Commercial Sorghum malt, Marketing potential
Constance Chiremba - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hardness Changes and Endosperm Modification During Sorghum Malting in Grains of Varying Hardness and Malt Quality
Cereal Chemistry Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Constance Chiremba, Muthulisi Siwela, Lloyd W. Rooney, John R.n. TaylorAbstract:ABSTRACT This study examined the interaction between Sorghum grain hardness and Sorghum malt quality in terms of diastatic power and free amino nitrogen with endosperm modification during malting. The changes in kernel hardness during malting of four Commercial Sorghum cultivars of differing quality in terms of endosperm texture and potential malt quality were measured using tests for hardness and density, and endosperm modification was followed by scanning electron microscopy. The general pattern of modification during Sorghum malting was confirmed to start at the endosperm–scutellum interface and then continue into the floury endosperm toward the kernel distal end. Significantly, a cultivar of intermediate hardness and low malting quality remained harder and modified more slowly than a harder cultivar of high malting quality. It appeared that intrinsic grain hardness and malt amylase and protease activity both affected malt hardness and endosperm modification, but amylase and protease activity had a gre...
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relationships between simple grain quality parameters for the estimation of Sorghum and maize hardness in Commercial hybrid cultivars
Cereal Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Constance Chiremba, L. W. Rooney, John R.n. TaylorAbstract:ABSTRACT Grain hardness affects Sorghum and maize processing properties especially for dry milling. A variety of simple grain quality parameters were assessed on 17 Sorghum and 35 white maize hybrid cultivars grown in six and four locations, respectively, in South Africa. The purpose was to determine tests that can be used to distinguish hardness in Commercial Sorghum and maize. The grains were characterized by test weight (TW), thousand kernel weight (TKW), decortication with the tangential abrasive dehulling device (TADD), and kernel size. Maize was also characterized for susceptibility to breakage, stress cracking, and near-infrared transmittance (NIT) milling index. Principal component analysis showed that, in nontannin and tannin Sorghums, TADD hardness and TW were closely correlated (P < 0.001). In maize, TADD hardness was closely correlated (P < 0.001) with NIT milling index and TW. Hence, TADD hardness and NIT milling index or TADD hardness and TW would be suitable for maize hardness evaluation. A...
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Relationships Between Simple Grain Quality Parameters for the Estimation of Sorghum and Maize Hardness in Commercial Hybrid Cultivars
Cereal Chemistry Journal, 2011Co-Authors: Constance Chiremba, Lloyd W. Rooney, John R.n. TaylorAbstract:Grain hardness affects Sorghum and maize processing properties especially for dry milling. A variety of simple grain quality parameters were assessed on 17 Sorghum and 35 white maize hybrid cultivars grown in six and four locations, respectively, in South Africa. The purpose was to determine tests that can be used to distinguish hardness in Commercial Sorghum and maize. The grains were characterized by test weight (TW), thousand kernel weight (TKW), decortication with the tangential abrasive dehulling device (TADD), and kernel size. Maize was also characterized for susceptibility to breakage, stress cracking, and near-infrared transmittance (NIT) milling index. Principal component analysis showed that, in nontannin and tannin Sorghums, TADD hardness and TW were closely correlated (P < 0.001). In maize, TADD hardness was closely correlated (P < 0.001) with NIT milling index and TW. Hence, TADD hardness and NIT milling index or TADD hardness and TW would be suitable for maize hardness evaluation. A combination of TADD hardness, TW, TKW, and kernel size >3.35 mm can be used together to select Sorghum grain for hardness. It thus appears that TADD hardness is an excellent method of estimating both Sorghum and maize hardness that can be applied for routine batch analysis and cultivar evaluation.The International Sorghum and Millet Collaborative Research Support Program (INTSORMIL).http://www.nonprofitjournals.org/journals/cereal_chemistry.ht
Joseph Eyre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L.) Germination Dynamics at Extreme Temperatures
Proceedings, 2020Co-Authors: Joseph Eyre, I.j. Broad, Daniel RodriguezAbstract:Water and heat stressors during flowering are predominant limitations of dryland Sorghum yields across Australia’s north-eastern cropping zone. Crops sown early could flower before seasonal heatwaves, but the seed must uniformly germination and emerge at soil temperatures between approximately 10 to 15 °C. Furthermore, chemical coatings applied to Commercial hybrid seed lots effectively protected the developing crop from pest, disease and herbicide damage but the combined influence of low temperatures and seed coatings on germination of hybrid Sorghum seed batches is unknown. In this experiment, germination dynamics were modelled for 10 Commercial Sorghum hybrid-seed lots (with or without seed coating of a.i. thiamethoxam, oxabetrinil and thiram) incubated at continuous temperatures ranging from 9.4 to 46.1 °C. Results also show Commercial seed treatments negatively affect final germination proportion especially at sub- and supra-optimal temperatures. Some hybrid-seed lots in current experiment were more sensitive to seed coatings at either sub- or supra-optimal temperatures regardless of seed germination capability (i.e., germination proportion at 25 °C). Seeds took 5 days to reach 50% germination (t50) at 9.4 °C but germinated within 24 h at constant temperatures between 20 and 40 °C. The spread of germination (time between 10 and 90% germination) increased from 0.5 days at 30 °C to 3.8 days at 9.4 °C. Therefore, some hybrid-seedlots are suited to early sowing because they can maintain high germination proportion (>90%) even at soil temperatures (9.4 °C) as long as the seedbed remains moist for a least 12 days. Research continues identify the basis of cold tolerance in some-hybrid seedlots.
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understanding the diversity in yield potential and stability among Commercial Sorghum hybrids can inform crop designs
Field Crops Research, 2019Co-Authors: Simon J Clarke, James Mclean, Barbara Georgejaeggli, Greg Mclean, P De Voil, Joseph Eyre, Daniel RodriguezAbstract:Reducing yield gaps in dryland cropping depends on our capacity to identify combinations of genetics (G) and management (M) (i.e. crop designs, G × M) that best suit site and seasonal conditions (the environment, E). We combined empirical and modelling approaches to characterise and explain the yield stability and yield potential of Commercial Sorghum hybrids when grown under a range of agronomic managements and environments yielding between 3 and 12 t ha. The empirical data includes two seasons (2014-15 and 2015–2016) of on-farm and on-research station trials conducted across six sites in Queensland, Australia. Agronomic management treatments included plant density, row configuration, level of irrigation and fertiliser inputs, and time of sowing. Six hybrids contrasting in maturity and tillering type were characterised relative to the industry standard MR-Buster in terms of yield potential, yield stability (b), and an expected utility index that combines both indices. A medium-late maturity and high tillering hybrid (MR-Scorpio), had the highest utility rank and showed high b values due to high tiller productivity. A variety of significant row spacing and configuration, and plant density effects on yield were observed, but these were inconsistent across sites and seasons. A long-term simulation experiment across contrasting environments was used to identify hybrid traits and managements capable of modifying yield stability. Combined with the empirical data, the simulations suggest hybrids showing high biomass production and multiple productive tillers can increase the response of yield to the productivity of the environment, whereas reducing the thermal time to floral initiation may increase the stability of yields across environments. Expected changes in hybrid rank due to such G × E interactions, along with the complex effects of management on yield, increase the need to match crop design to specific sites and seasons. The value of targeted crop design depends on the diversity of traits among Commercial hybrids and the availability of a skilful seasonal climate forecast to allow farmers to match hybrids and management to prevailing and expected seasonal conditions.