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Signe Hald Andersen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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serving time or serving the Community exploiting a policy reform to assess the causal effects of Community Service on income social benefit dependency and recidivism
Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2015Co-Authors: Signe Hald AndersenAbstract:There is a widespread belief among criminologists, judges and the like that criminals are better off serving non-custodial sentences instead of going to prison. However, empirical evidence of the effects of Community Service is scarce. This paper exploits a policy reform that implemented the use of Community Service as punishment among specific groups of criminals in order to assess the causal effect of Community Service on post-sentence income, dependency on social benefits, and crime.
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Serving Time or Serving the Community? Exploiting a Policy Reform to Assess the Causal Effects of Community Service on Income, Social Benefit Dependency and Recidivism
Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 2015Co-Authors: Signe Hald AndersenAbstract:Objectives There is a widespread belief among criminologists, judges and the like that criminals are better off serving non-custodial sentences instead of going to prison. However, empirical evidence of the effects of such other types of sentences is scarce. To help fill the gap, this paper assesses the causal effect of Community Service on post-sentence income, dependency on social benefits, and crime. Methods For the empirical analyses I exploit a policy reform that implemented the use of Community Service as punishment among specific groups of criminals, Danish administrative data, and difference-in-difference matching Results The results show that Community Service participants have higher long-run income levels and lower long-run levels of social benefit dependency compared to offenders who serve custodial sentences. However, while Community Service lowers recidivism among offenders convicted of violent crime, other traffic offences and misdemeanor, there are no overall effects of Community Service on crime committed after the serving of a sentence. Conclusions Serving a sentence through Community Services rather than in prison, causally improves offenders’ post-sentencing outcomes, particularly with regards to their labor market situation. Through this, the offender contributes not only to himself but also to society, and an increased use of non-custodial sentences is then beneficial on several levels. Importantly, my results apply to the Danish legal system, and may not be immediately applicable to other legal contexts.
James Youniss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Youth and Community Service
Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft, 2010Co-Authors: James Youniss, Heinz ReindersAbstract:We discuss findings and issues regarding Community Service by youth in the United States, for example: Is school-based required Service as effective as voluntary Service, and if increasing numbers of youth are doing Service, why has political engagement not increased? We next present a theory proposing that certain kinds of Service can contribute to the development of social identity. Such Service would be challenging, bring youth into direct contact with the strange “other,” and engage youth with organizations which represent moral and political traditions. We conclude with speculations on ways Community Service might benefit identity development in German youth and help to resolve tensions in contemporary German society.
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Community Service and political identity development in adolescence
Journal of Social Issues, 2010Co-Authors: Miranda Yates, James YounissAbstract:This article addresses the interconnection of political socialization and identity development. We begin with Erikson's work, which identified the development of political commitment in adolescence as a key aspect of identity formation. We then seek to shed light on the social processes through which youth become engaged in political activities and issues. We discuss the influences of family and peers as well as participation in Community Service and other civic activities. The development of social responsibility and agency, and an understanding of the complexity of social issues are considered as important facets of political commitment. Data from a case study of Black urban adolescents who participated in a year-long Service learning program are used to illustrate our perspective. We conclude that social-historical context, instantiated in social relationships and actions, plays a pivotal role in the process and shape of political socialization and identity formation.
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high school Community Service as a predictor of adult voting and volunteering
American Educational Research Journal, 2007Co-Authors: Daniel Hart, James Youniss, Thomas M Donnelly, Robert C AtkinsAbstract:The influences of high school Community Service participation, extracurricular involvement, and civic knowledge on voting and volunteering in early adulthood were examined using the National Educational Longitudinal Study. The major finding in this study is that both voluntary and school-required Community Service in high school were strong predictors of adult voting and volunteering. In addition, involvement in high school extracurricular activities was predictive of voting and volunteering. Civic knowledge was related only to voting. The authors consider the findings for their policy relevance and their contributions to theoretical debates.
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religion Community Service and identity in american youth
Journal of Adolescence, 1999Co-Authors: James Youniss, Jeffrey A Mclellan, Miranda YatesAbstract:Abstract The role of religion in identity development has, for many years, been a relatively neglected topic in psychology. To demonstrate the importance of religion to the formation of identity, this paper presents evidence connecting Community Service and religiousness in American youth. Data are reviewed that show (1) youth are heavily involved in volunteer Service; (2) many youth view religion as important and those who do so are more likely to do Service than youth who do not believe that religion is important in their lives; (3) involvement in church-sponsored Service makes it more likely that youth will adopt the religious rationale in which Service is couched; and (4) youth who do church-sponsored Service are neither Service “nerds” nor single-issue tunnel-visioned adolescents. These data from nationally representative samples strengthen the case that the many contemporary youth who take religion seriously are vibrantly engaged in their schooling, in the betterment of communities, and the development of identities which presage healthy lives.
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roots of civic identity international perspectives on Community Service and activism in youth
1998Co-Authors: Miranda Yates, James YounissAbstract:Preface List of contributors Introduction: international perspectives on the roots of civic identity James Youniss and Miranda Yates 1. Community Service and political-moral discussions among adolescents: a study of a mandatory school-based program in the United States Miranda Yates 2. Social and family determinants of Community Service involvement in Canadian youth S. Mark Pancer and Michael W. Pratt 3. Exploring adolescent altruism: British young people's involvement in voluntary work and campaigning Debi Roker, Katie Player and John Coleman 4. Youth, solidarity, and civic commitment in Italy: an analysis of the personal and social characteristics of volunteers and their organizations Elena Marta, Giovanna Rossi and Lucia Boccacin 5. Political socialization in the new states of Germany Hans Oswald 6. Community Service and social cognitive development in German adolescents Manfred Hofer 7. Adolescents and the 'social contract': developmental roots of citizenship in seven countries Connie Flanagan, Brita Jonsson, Luba Botcheva, Beno Csapo, Jennifer Bowes, Peter Macek, Irina Averina and Elena Sheblanova 8. Political socialization in a divided society: the case of Northern Ireland Jean Whyte 9. Youth experience in the Palestinian Intifada: a case study in intensity, complexity, paradox, and competence Brian K. Barber 10. Beyond the call of duty: the Service of Israeli youth in military and civic contexts Rachel Seginer 11. Recent trends in civic engagement among Japanese youth Keiko Takahashi and Giyoo Hatano 12. Learning politics in the crucible: the socialization of Taiwan high school students as citizens in a new democracy Perri Strawn Conclusion: transcending themes Miranda Yates and James Youniss Indexes.
Miranda Yates - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Community Service and political identity development in adolescence
Journal of Social Issues, 2010Co-Authors: Miranda Yates, James YounissAbstract:This article addresses the interconnection of political socialization and identity development. We begin with Erikson's work, which identified the development of political commitment in adolescence as a key aspect of identity formation. We then seek to shed light on the social processes through which youth become engaged in political activities and issues. We discuss the influences of family and peers as well as participation in Community Service and other civic activities. The development of social responsibility and agency, and an understanding of the complexity of social issues are considered as important facets of political commitment. Data from a case study of Black urban adolescents who participated in a year-long Service learning program are used to illustrate our perspective. We conclude that social-historical context, instantiated in social relationships and actions, plays a pivotal role in the process and shape of political socialization and identity formation.
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religion Community Service and identity in american youth
Journal of Adolescence, 1999Co-Authors: James Youniss, Jeffrey A Mclellan, Miranda YatesAbstract:Abstract The role of religion in identity development has, for many years, been a relatively neglected topic in psychology. To demonstrate the importance of religion to the formation of identity, this paper presents evidence connecting Community Service and religiousness in American youth. Data are reviewed that show (1) youth are heavily involved in volunteer Service; (2) many youth view religion as important and those who do so are more likely to do Service than youth who do not believe that religion is important in their lives; (3) involvement in church-sponsored Service makes it more likely that youth will adopt the religious rationale in which Service is couched; and (4) youth who do church-sponsored Service are neither Service “nerds” nor single-issue tunnel-visioned adolescents. These data from nationally representative samples strengthen the case that the many contemporary youth who take religion seriously are vibrantly engaged in their schooling, in the betterment of communities, and the development of identities which presage healthy lives.
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roots of civic identity international perspectives on Community Service and activism in youth
1998Co-Authors: Miranda Yates, James YounissAbstract:Preface List of contributors Introduction: international perspectives on the roots of civic identity James Youniss and Miranda Yates 1. Community Service and political-moral discussions among adolescents: a study of a mandatory school-based program in the United States Miranda Yates 2. Social and family determinants of Community Service involvement in Canadian youth S. Mark Pancer and Michael W. Pratt 3. Exploring adolescent altruism: British young people's involvement in voluntary work and campaigning Debi Roker, Katie Player and John Coleman 4. Youth, solidarity, and civic commitment in Italy: an analysis of the personal and social characteristics of volunteers and their organizations Elena Marta, Giovanna Rossi and Lucia Boccacin 5. Political socialization in the new states of Germany Hans Oswald 6. Community Service and social cognitive development in German adolescents Manfred Hofer 7. Adolescents and the 'social contract': developmental roots of citizenship in seven countries Connie Flanagan, Brita Jonsson, Luba Botcheva, Beno Csapo, Jennifer Bowes, Peter Macek, Irina Averina and Elena Sheblanova 8. Political socialization in a divided society: the case of Northern Ireland Jean Whyte 9. Youth experience in the Palestinian Intifada: a case study in intensity, complexity, paradox, and competence Brian K. Barber 10. Beyond the call of duty: the Service of Israeli youth in military and civic contexts Rachel Seginer 11. Recent trends in civic engagement among Japanese youth Keiko Takahashi and Giyoo Hatano 12. Learning politics in the crucible: the socialization of Taiwan high school students as citizens in a new democracy Perri Strawn Conclusion: transcending themes Miranda Yates and James Youniss Indexes.
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Community Service and social responsibility in youth
1997Co-Authors: James Youniss, Miranda YatesAbstract:This is an analysis of the beneficial effects of Community Service on the political and moral identity of adolescents. This text uses a case study from a predominantly black, urban high school in Washington, D.C., building on the insights of Erik Erikson on the social and historical nature of identity development. The study seeks to show that Service at a soup kitchen as part of a course on social justice gives opportunity to reflect on their status in society, on how society is organized, on how government should use its power, and on moral principles related to homelessness and poverty. By developing a sense of social responsibility and a civic commitment, young people can begin to see themselves as active agents in society. The book challenges negative steoptypes of contemporary adolescents, and illustrates how young people can use their talents for social good when given the opportunity. It is designed to interest those concerned with today's youth and tomorrow's society.
Adam O. Goldstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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teaching advanced leadership skills in Community Service alscs to medical students
Academic Medicine, 2009Co-Authors: Adam O. Goldstein, Diane Calleson, Beat D. Steiner, Rachel S Bearman, Pamela Y Frasier, Lisa M SlattAbstract:Abstract Inadequate access to health care, lack of health insurance, and significant health disparities reflect crises in health care affecting all of society. Training U.S. physicians to possess not only clinical expertise but also sufficient leadership skills is essential to solve these problems and to effectively improve health care systems. Few models in the undergraduate medical curriculum exist for teaching students how to combine needed leadership competencies with actual Service opportunities. The Advanced Leadership Skills in Community Service (ALSCS) selective developed in response to the shortage of leadership models and leadership training for medical students. The ALSCS selective is designed specifically to increase students' leadership skills, with an emphasis on Community Service. The selective integrates classroom-based learning, hands-on application of learned skills, and Service learning. More than 60 medical students have participated in the selective since inception. Short-term outcomes demonstrate an increase in students' self-efficacy around multiple dimensions of leadership skills (e.g., fundraising, networking, motivating others). Students have also successfully completed more than a dozen leadership and Community Service projects. The selective offers an innovative model of a leadership-skills-based course that can have a positive impact on leadership skill development among medical school students and that can be incorporated into the medical school curriculum.
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Community Service by North Carolina Family Physicians
The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, 2005Co-Authors: Adam O. Goldstein, Diane Calleson, Peter Curtis, Brian Hemphill, George Gamble, Beat D. Steiner, Thomas K. MooreAbstract:Background: Community Service is an integral part of American society. Although Family Medicine advocates Community Service through Community medicine, few data exist on family physicians’ involvement in voluntary Community Service activities or roles as Community advocates. Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to 489 North Carolina family physicians, including a 20% random sample of those in Community practice and all statewide faculty physicians. The survey assessed types and amount of volunteer activity, attitudes toward volunteer work, and factors that support or inhibit participation in Community Service. Results: The overall response rate was 54%. Most respondents reported strong interests in Community Service before medical school and residency, yet few reported any relevant training during medical education. More than 85% of faculty and Community practice family physicians reported participating in volunteer Service in the previous year (70.8 mean hours for faculty vs 45.5 mean hours for Community practice; P = .06). Family physicians also reported a wide variety of lifetime volunteer activities (mean number of different faculty physician activities 20.8 vs mean number of different Community practice physician activities 16.7, P = .00). Less than 50% of both physician groups reported that their practice or program publicly supports those performing Community Service. Conclusions: The great majority of family physicians in North Carolina regularly participate in one or more volunteer Community Service activities, frequently without organizational recognition. Data about the scope of Service expected by communities and provided by physicians may assist the discipline in clarifying the place of volunteer Community Service in medical education, promotion guidelines and practice.
Carol L. Elam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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APPLIED RESEARCH: How Does Pre-Admission Community Service Compare With Community Service During Medical School?
Teaching and learning in medicine, 2005Co-Authors: Amy V. Blue, William T. Basco, Mark E. Geesey, C. Carolyn Thiedke, Margaret E. B. Sheridan, Carol L. ElamAbstract:Background: Little research has examined the link between premedical Community Service and subsequent Community Service undertaken in medical school. Purpose: This study examined the relationship between applicants' Community Service history with reported Community Service experiences during medical school. Methods: Admission files were retrospectively reviewed and Community Service hours during medical school were totaled for 2003 graduates at the study institution. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regressions. Results: Applicants who were women, had volunteered with multiple types of organizations, and volunteered more than 2 years were all significantly more likely, χ2 p
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310 HOW DOES PRE-ADMISSION Community Service COMPARE WITH Community Service DURING MEDICAL SCHOOL?
Journal of Investigative Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: William T. Basco, Amy V. Blue, Mark E. Geesey, C. Carolyn Thiedke, L. Sheridan, Carol L. ElamAbstract:Introduction The medical school admission process seeks to select candidates who will succeed academically in medical school and who will exhibit other desirable traits, such as altruism or compassion. Reliable assessment of applicants9 altruistic tendencies is challenging. One potential measure of compassion or altruism that is often available to admission committees is an applicant9s premedical Community Service experiences. This study examined the relationship between applicants9 premedical Community Service experiences with Community Service during medical school. Method The authors examined admission files for 2003 graduates at the study institution using an established data collection form. Investigators assessed applicants9 Community Service experiences, including a) types of organizations served; b) extent of Community Service related to the medical profession; c) leadership role in a Service organization; d) duration of involvement (> two years or less); and e) “overall commitment” to Community Service. Subject gender, age at application, and undergraduate major were also recorded. The dependent variable was Community Service hours during medical school, reported by students to the college of medicine outreach program office. Students were classified into one of three medical school Service groups: no Service hours, fewer than the median, and more than the median. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and logistic regression. Results Complete data were available for 104 applicants/students who graduated in 2003 (81% of graduates). Twenty students (19%) participated in no Community Service during medical school. The 84 other students performed over 5,000 Service hours (range 1-974, median 14.75, and mean of 64.5). In bivariate analyses, applicants who were women, non-science majors, had > two years Service, and those serving multiple organizations were more likely to provide above the median Service hours during medical school (all χ2 p Conclusions Applicants9 Community Service histories are related to their subsequent Community Service involvement in medical school. Admissions committees may wish to provide additional consideration to such applicants.