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Metin Gumus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comprehensive experimental investigation of combustion and heat release characteristics of a biodiesel hazelnut kernel oil methyl ester fueled direct injection Compression Ignition Engine
Fuel, 2010Co-Authors: Metin GumusAbstract:In the present study, hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) kernel oil was transesterified with methanol using potassium hydroxide as catalyst to obtain biodiesel and a comprehensive experimental investigation of combustion (cylinder gas pressure, rate of pressure rise, Ignition delay) and heat release (rate of heat release, cumulative heat release, combustion duration and center of heat release) parameters of a direct injection Compression Ignition Engine running with biodiesel and its blends with diesel fuel was carried out. Experiment parameters included the percentage of biodiesel in the blend, Engine load, injection timing, injection pressure, and Compression ratio. Results showed that hazelnut kernel oil methyl ester and its blends with diesel fuel can be used in the Engine without any modification and undesirable combustion and heat release characteristics were not observed. The modifications such as increasing of injection timing, Compression ratio, and injection pressure provided significant improvement in combustion and heat release characteristics.
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a comprehensive experimental investigation of combustion and heat release characteristics of a biodiesel hazelnut kernel oil methyl ester fueled direct injection Compression Ignition Engine
Fuel, 2010Co-Authors: Metin GumusAbstract:In the present study, hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) kernel oil was transesterified with methanol using potassium hydroxide as catalyst to obtain biodiesel and a comprehensive experimental investigation of combustion (cylinder gas pressure, rate of pressure rise, Ignition delay) and heat release (rate of heat release, cumulative heat release, combustion duration and center of heat release) parameters of a direct injection Compression Ignition Engine running with biodiesel and its blends with diesel fuel was carried out. Experiment parameters included the percentage of biodiesel in the blend, Engine load, injection timing, injection pressure, and Compression ratio. Results showed that hazelnut kernel oil methyl ester and its blends with diesel fuel can be used in the Engine without any modification and undesirable combustion and heat release characteristics were not observed. The modifications such as increasing of injection timing, Compression ratio, and injection pressure provided significant improvement in combustion and heat release characteristics.
Adeola S. Shote - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characteristics of co and nox emissions from combustion of transmethylated palm kernel oil based biodiesel blends in a Compression Ignition Engine
Journal of King Saud University: Engineering Sciences, 2019Co-Authors: Adeola S. Shote, Eriola Betiku, Abraham A. AsereAbstract:Abstract This study assessed hazardous emissions from transesterified Palm Kernel Oil-based (PKO-based) biodiesel blends in a Compression Ignition Engine (CIE). Automotive Gas Oil (AGO) was blended with the PKO-methyl esters in the ratios 1:9; 2:8; 3:7; …; 9:1. The various blends were thereafter fired in a CIE. Besides, 100% AGO and 100% PKO-methyl esters were also burnt in the CIE. Results showed that as the concentration of the PKO biodiesel increased in the blends, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions reduced. There was about 35% significant reduction in the lethal CO emissions as the concentration of methyl esters increased in the blends at 99.9% confidence (p ≪ 0.001). At 90% confidence, there were no significant changes in NOx emissions as a result of change in blend ratios (p > 0.01). There exists a degree of association between NOx and gas temperature in agreement with Zeldovich mechanism.
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Characteristics of CO and NOx emissions from combustion of transmethylated palm kernel oil-based biodiesel blends in a Compression Ignition Engine
Elsevier, 2019Co-Authors: Adeola S. Shote, Eriola Betiku, Abraham A. AsereAbstract:This study assessed hazardous emissions from transesterified Palm Kernel Oil-based (PKO-based) biodiesel blends in a Compression Ignition Engine (CIE). Automotive Gas Oil (AGO) was blended with the PKO-methyl esters in the ratios 1:9; 2:8; 3:7; …; 9:1. The various blends were thereafter fired in a CIE. Besides, 100% AGO and 100% PKO-methyl esters were also burnt in the CIE. Results showed that as the concentration of the PKO biodiesel increased in the blends, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions reduced. There was about 35% significant reduction in the lethal CO emissions as the concentration of methyl esters increased in the blends at 99.9% confidence (p ≪ 0.001). At 90% confidence, there were no significant changes in NOx emissions as a result of change in blend ratios (p > 0.01). There exists a degree of association between NOx and gas temperature in agreement with Zeldovich mechanism. Keywords: Palm kernel oil, Biodiesel, Compression Ignition Engine, Emission
A Ramesh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Experimental investigations on a hydrogen diesel homogeneous charge Compression Ignition Engine with exhaust gas recirculation
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013Co-Authors: M. Mohamed Ibrahim, A RameshAbstract:In this experimental study, hydrogen was inducted along with air and diesel was injected into the cylinder using a high pressure common rail system, in a single cylinder homogeneous charge Compression Ignition Engine. An electronic controller was used to set the required injection timing of diesel for best thermal efficiency. The influences of hydrogen to diesel energy ratio, output of the Engine and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on performance, emissions and combustion were studied in detail. An increase in the amount of hydrogen improved the thermal efficiency by retarding the combustion process. It also lowered the exhaust emissions. Large amounts of hydrogen and EGR were needed at high outputs for suppressing knock. The range of operation was brake mean effective pressures of 2-4 bar. The levels of HC and CO emitted were not significantly influenced by the amount of hydrogen that was used.
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use of hydrogen to enhance the performance of a vegetable oil fuelled Compression Ignition Engine
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2003Co-Authors: Senthil M Kumar, A Ramesh, B NagalingamAbstract:Use of vegetable oils in unmodified diesel Engines leads to reduced thermal efficiency and increased smoke levels. In this work, experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance while using small quantities of hydrogen in a Compression Ignition Engine primarily fuelled with a vegetable oil, namely Jatropha oil. A single cylinder water-cooled direct-injection diesel Engine designed to develop a power output of 3.7 kW at 1500 rev/min was tested at its rated speed under variable load conditions, with different quantities of hydrogen being inducted. The Jatropha oil was injected into the Engine in the conventional way. Results indicated an increase in the brake thermal efficiency from 27.3% to a maximum of 29.3% at 7% of hydrogen mass share at maximum power output. Smoke was reduced from 4.4 to 3.7 BSU at the best efficiency point. There was also a reduction in HC and CO emissions from 130 to 100 ppm and 0.26-0.17% by volume respectively at maximum power output. With hydrogen induction, due to high combustion rates, NO level was increased from 735 to 875 ppm at full output. Ignition delay, peak pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise were also increased in the dual fuel mode of operation. Combustion duration was reduced due to higher flame speed of hydrogen. Higher premixed combustion rate was observed with hydrogen induction. Comparison was made with diesel being used as the pilot fuel instead of vegetable oil. In the case of diesel the brake thermal efficiency was always higher. At the optimum hydrogen share of 5% by mass, the brake thermal efficiency went up from 30.3-32%. Hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, smoke emission and Ignition delay were also lower with diesel as compared to vegetable oil. Smoke level decreased from 3.9 to 2.7 BSU with diesel as pilot at the optimum hydrogen share. Peak pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise, heat release rate and NO levels were higher with diesel than Jatropha oil. On the whole, it is concluded that induction of small quantities of hydrogen can significantly enhance the performance of a vegetable (Jatropha) oil/diesel fuelled diesel Engine. (C) 2003 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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use of hydrogen to enhance the performance of a vegetable oil fuelled Compression Ignition Engine
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2003Co-Authors: Senthil M Kumar, A Ramesh, B NagalingamAbstract:Abstract Use of vegetable oils in unmodified diesel Engines leads to reduced thermal efficiency and increased smoke levels. In this work, experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance while using small quantities of hydrogen in a Compression Ignition Engine primarily fuelled with a vegetable oil, namely Jatropha oil. A single cylinder water-cooled direct-injection diesel Engine designed to develop a power output of 3.7 kW at 1500 rev / min was tested at its rated speed under variable load conditions, with different quantities of hydrogen being inducted. The Jatropha oil was injected into the Engine in the conventional way. Results indicated an increase in the brake thermal efficiency from 27.3% to a maximum of 29.3% at 7% of hydrogen mass share at maximum power output. Smoke was reduced from 4.4 to 3.7 BSU at the best efficiency point. There was also a reduction in HC and CO emissions from 130 to 100 ppm and 0.26–0.17% by volume respectively at maximum power output. With hydrogen induction, due to high combustion rates, NO level was increased from 735 to 875 ppm at full output. Ignition delay, peak pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise were also increased in the dual fuel mode of operation. Combustion duration was reduced due to higher flame speed of hydrogen. Higher premixed combustion rate was observed with hydrogen induction. Comparison was made with diesel being used as the pilot fuel instead of vegetable oil. In the case of diesel the brake thermal efficiency was always higher. At the optimum hydrogen share of 5% by mass, the brake thermal efficiency went up from 30.3–32%. Hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, smoke emission and Ignition delay were also lower with diesel as compared to vegetable oil. Smoke level decreased from 3.9 to 2.7 BSU with diesel as pilot at the optimum hydrogen share. Peak pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise, heat release rate and NO levels were higher with diesel than Jatropha oil. On the whole, it is concluded that induction of small quantities of hydrogen can significantly enhance the performance of a vegetable (Jatropha) oil/diesel fuelled diesel Engine.
Abraham A. Asere - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characteristics of co and nox emissions from combustion of transmethylated palm kernel oil based biodiesel blends in a Compression Ignition Engine
Journal of King Saud University: Engineering Sciences, 2019Co-Authors: Adeola S. Shote, Eriola Betiku, Abraham A. AsereAbstract:Abstract This study assessed hazardous emissions from transesterified Palm Kernel Oil-based (PKO-based) biodiesel blends in a Compression Ignition Engine (CIE). Automotive Gas Oil (AGO) was blended with the PKO-methyl esters in the ratios 1:9; 2:8; 3:7; …; 9:1. The various blends were thereafter fired in a CIE. Besides, 100% AGO and 100% PKO-methyl esters were also burnt in the CIE. Results showed that as the concentration of the PKO biodiesel increased in the blends, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions reduced. There was about 35% significant reduction in the lethal CO emissions as the concentration of methyl esters increased in the blends at 99.9% confidence (p ≪ 0.001). At 90% confidence, there were no significant changes in NOx emissions as a result of change in blend ratios (p > 0.01). There exists a degree of association between NOx and gas temperature in agreement with Zeldovich mechanism.
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Characteristics of CO and NOx emissions from combustion of transmethylated palm kernel oil-based biodiesel blends in a Compression Ignition Engine
Elsevier, 2019Co-Authors: Adeola S. Shote, Eriola Betiku, Abraham A. AsereAbstract:This study assessed hazardous emissions from transesterified Palm Kernel Oil-based (PKO-based) biodiesel blends in a Compression Ignition Engine (CIE). Automotive Gas Oil (AGO) was blended with the PKO-methyl esters in the ratios 1:9; 2:8; 3:7; …; 9:1. The various blends were thereafter fired in a CIE. Besides, 100% AGO and 100% PKO-methyl esters were also burnt in the CIE. Results showed that as the concentration of the PKO biodiesel increased in the blends, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions reduced. There was about 35% significant reduction in the lethal CO emissions as the concentration of methyl esters increased in the blends at 99.9% confidence (p ≪ 0.001). At 90% confidence, there were no significant changes in NOx emissions as a result of change in blend ratios (p > 0.01). There exists a degree of association between NOx and gas temperature in agreement with Zeldovich mechanism. Keywords: Palm kernel oil, Biodiesel, Compression Ignition Engine, Emission
Choongsik Bae - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hrtem evaluation of primary soot particles originated in a small bore biofuel Compression Ignition Engine
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2019Co-Authors: Joonsik Hwang, Felix Sebastian Hirner, Choongsik Bae, Chetankumar Patel, Tarun Gupta, Avinash Kumar AgarwalAbstract:Abstract Nanostructure of soot particles from a small-bore Compression-Ignition Engine was investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Four test fuels namely conventional diesel, waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel, Jatropha biodiesel, and Karanja biodiesel were studied. Lacey carbon TEM grids were utilized to capture soot particles from Engine exhaust gas. An in-house image processing algorithm was developed to measure primary particle diameter, fringe length, fringe tortuosity, and fringe spacing. The HRTEM image revealed the presence of thicker absorbed hydrocarbon layers surrounding biodiesel soot primary particles than those of diesel soot. The primary particle size of WCO biodiesel was smaller than diesel, on the other hand, Jatropha biodiesel and Karanja biodiesel showed slightly larger particles. In terms of nano-structure analysis, WCO biodiesel and Jatropha biodiesel particles exhibited shorter fringe length than diesel, while the Karanja biodiesel particles showed the longest fringe length of 0.91 nm. Fringe tortuosity of biodiesels was smaller than diesel because of relatively lower portion of core area, where highly curved fringes existed. The soot particles from biodiesels exhibited larger fringe spacing than diesel, especially the Karanja biodiesel showed the longest fringe spacing of 0.67 nm compared to 0.55 nm in case of diesel.
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assessment of particulate matter in exhaust gas for biodiesel and diesel under conventional and low temperature combustion in a Compression Ignition Engine
Fuel, 2016Co-Authors: Yongjin Jung, Joonsik Hwang, Choongsik BaeAbstract:Abstract Particulate matter (PM) from the exhaust gas of a single-cylinder direct-injection Compression-Ignition Engine was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two fuels were used: biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil and commercial diesel fuel. Exhaust gas recirculation was applied to implement low temperature combustion (LTC), and the PM emissions of LTC were compared to those of conventional Compression Ignition combustion. TGA showed that significant mass reduction occurred at a temperature range of 200–420 °C for biodiesel PM in the LTC mode due to desorption of the volatile organic fraction; diesel PM from the conventional combustion mode shows the highest resistance to the desorption within the entire temperature range. Elemental analysis revealed that the weight fractions of hydrogen and oxygen content, of which the volatiles are comprised, are much larger in the LTC mode than the conventional mode. The exposed surface area after the desorption of volatiles and the oxygen group may result in the fast oxidation of biodiesel PM. Particulate matter in the conventional combustion mode contains a large portion of carbon species, in contrast to the LTC mode. The carbon content in diesel PM from conventional combustion could be due to carbonaceous soot particles, because TEM images appeared to be of a highly ordered structure. Using a scanning mobility particle sizer, fewer particles were found to be of the accumulation mode with LTC Engine operation than in the conventional combustion mode, which is consistent with the observed low level of smoke emission.
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spray and combustion characteristics of gasoline and diesel in a direct injection Compression Ignition Engine
Fuel, 2013Co-Authors: Kihyun Kim, Donghoon Kim, Yongjin Jung, Choongsik BaeAbstract:Abstract The spray and combustion characteristics of gasoline and diesel were investigated in a direct injection Compression Ignition Engine equipped with a common rail injection system. The spray evolution was observed under a non-evaporating condition in a constant volume chamber and under an evaporating condition in an optical Engine. Under the non-evaporating condition, the liquid penetration length was similar between the gasoline and diesel. The gasoline spray exhibited a relatively larger spray cone angle than that of diesel spray. However, the gasoline spray exhibited a significantly shorter liquid penetration length and narrower spray angle than that of the diesel spray under the evaporating condition. The maximum liquid penetration length was maintained constant regardless of the injection pressure for each fuel at the evaporating condition. The diesel spray formed wall wetting through the fuel impingement on the combustion chamber due to the long liquid penetration length at an early injection timing of −32 crank angle degree after top dead center (CAD ATDC). A series of combustion experiments was performed in order to investigate the performance and emissions in a metal Engine and the flame characteristics in an optical Engine. A low load condition (indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) of approximately 0.45 MPa) was tested under an injection timing range from −40 to 0 CAD ATDC. The maximum thermal efficiency was similar between the two fuels with injection in close vicinity of the TDC. The gasoline combustion created a larger amount of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and comparable nitric oxides (NO x ) but had a lower soot emission compared with diesel combustion. However, the NO x emission of the gasoline combustion was significantly reduced with the premixed charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) combustion via early injection. The direct combustion visualization demonstrated that the natural luminosity (NL) of the gasoline combustion was dominated by the chemiluminescence from the premixed burn while the NL of the diesel combustion was primarily attributed to the soot incandescence from the diffusion burn. However, the PCCI combustion via the early injection was dominated by the chemiluminescence from the premixed burn for both fuels.
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the effects of hydrogen addition on Engine power and emission in dme premixed charge Compression Ignition Engine
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013Co-Authors: Jeeyeon Jeon, Choongsik BaeAbstract:Abstract Premixed-charge Compression-Ignition (PCCI) combustion of dimethyl-ether (DME) with double injection strategy was investigated in a single-cylinder Compression-Ignition Engine. DME main-injection was replaced by hydrogen to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. To study the effect of hydrogen, the injected amount of hydrogen was increased. Engine performance and emission of DME PCCI combustion were compared to those of hydrogen–DME PCCI combustion. In the DME PCCI Engine operation, DME was injected directly into the cylinder at −120 crank angle degrees (°CA) after top dead center (aTDC) to simulate homogeneous charge at first, and then DME was injected secondly with varied second injection timing. In this case, DME injection timing in the second stage affected the Engine performance and emissions. Delayed combustion phase showed a higher indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), while it increased NO x emission when DME second injection is retarded. In the hydrogen–DME PCCI, hydrogen was injected at intake port with fixed injection timing. DME injection timing in hydrogen–DME PCCI combustion was also varied from −120 °CA to TDC, as in the DME PCCI Engine operation. The total supplied heating value was fixed at 400 J for all cases. DME injection timing determined the start of combustion for the hydrogen–DME PCCI. With increasing the amount of hydrogen, exhaust emissions were reduced. Hydrogen–DME PCCI Engine was operated with minimum amount of DME via the hydrogen addition and DME injection timing control. The optimized DME injection timing, −30 °CA aTDC, resulted in a lower exhaust emission-operation, while maintaining a higher IMEP.