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Paul J. Frick - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • developmental pathways to Conduct Disorder implications for future directions in research assessment and treatment
    Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Paul J. Frick
    Abstract:

    Research has indicated that there are several common pathways through which children and adolescents develop Conduct Disorder, each with different risk factors and each with different underlying developmental mechanisms leading to the child's aggressive and antisocial behavior. The current article briefly summarizes research on these pathways, including one that onsets in adolescence and seems to be an exaggeration of normal adolescent rebellion against authority. The other two pathways typically involve Conduct problems that onset early in childhood but differ on whether the child shows significant levels of callous-unemotional traits or whether the child shows significant problems in emotional and behavioral regulation. Important directions for future research on these pathways are highlighted, as well as implications of these pathways for assessing and diagnosing children and adolescents with Conduct Disorder. In particular, diagnostic criteria should recognize the importance of callous-unemotional traits for distinguishing a distinct subgroup of youths with the Disorder. Finally, implications for the prevention and treatment of Conduct Disorder are discussed, especially the need for interventions that are comprehensive and individualized to the characteristics of children and adolescents in the various developmental pathways.

  • developmental pathways to Conduct Disorder
    Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 2006
    Co-Authors: Paul J. Frick
    Abstract:

    This article highlights how a developmental approach to understanding the causes of Conduct Disorder (CD) could be critical for understanding and preventing delinquent and violent behavior in youth. The approach recognizes that there may be multiple causal pathways leading to CD. It also integrates developmental research and theory with research on antisocial and aggressive behavior to explain how normal developmental mechanisms may be disrupted to place a child at risk for showing problem behavior. The article reviews research outlining several such pathways that differ in the age at which serious Conduct problems develop and that differ on the presence or absence of callous-unemotional traits. The presence of these different developmental pathways has important implications for how research is Conducted to study CD and interventions are implemented to prevent or treat children who have CD.

  • Current perspectives on Conduct Disorder.
    Current psychiatry reports, 2006
    Co-Authors: Paul J. Frick, Carrie Dickens
    Abstract:

    Conduct Disorder refers to a pattern of severe antisocial and aggressive behavior manifested in childhood or adolescence. This psychiatric diagnosis has been one of the most widely studied of all childhood Disorders, and this extensive body of research has documented a large number of dispositional and contextual risk factors that can play a role in the etiology of this Disorder. In this article, we provide a model for understanding these risk factors that use developmental theory to specify how these risk factors can negatively affect normative developmental mechanisms to place a child at risk for acting in an aggressive and antisocial manner, and recognize that there may be different mechanisms operating among individuals with this Disorder. This approach for understanding the development of Conduct Disorder has important implications for diagnostic classi.cation systems and for designing more effective interventions for youth with Conduct Disorder.

  • dsm iv field trials for oppositional defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder in children and adolescents
    American Journal of Psychiatry, 1994
    Co-Authors: Benjamin B. Lahey, Paul J. Frick, Brooks Applegate, Russell A Barkley, Barry Garfinkel, Keith Mcburnett, Lynn Kerdyk, Laurence L Greenhill, George W Hynd, Jeffrey H Newcorn
    Abstract:

    Objective: The purpose of the field trials for oppositional defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder was to select valid diagnostic thresholds for these Disorders and to compare the psychometric properties ofDSM-IV criteria for oppositional defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder with previous DSM diagnostic formulations. Method: Structured diagnostic interviews, standardized clinician’s validation diagnoses, and multiple measures ofimpairment were obtamed for 440 clinic-referred children and adolescents aged 4-1 7 years. Results: A diagnostic threshold of four symptoms of oppositional defiant Disorder optimized identification of impaired children, improved agreement somewhat with the clinician’s validation diagnosis, and had somewhat better test-retest agreement than DSM-III-R. In the case of Conduct Disorder, the optimal time window for ascertainment ofsymptoms was clarified. A diagnostic threshold ofthree symptoms ofConduct Disorder maximized accurate identification ofimpaired children and agreement with the clinician’s validation diagnosis and resulted in slightly better test-retest agreement than DSM-III-R. Compared with the DSM-III-R definition, the DSM-IV definition ofoppositional defiant Disorder was somewhat more prevalent, but the prevalence of Conduct Disorder was essentially unchanged. Conclusions: DSM-IV definitions ofoppositional defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder are somewhat better than DSM-III-R definitions in terms of internal consistency and test-retest agreement, and the validity of the DSM-IV definition of oppositional defiant Disorder is slightly better than that of DSM-III-R. (AmJ Psychiatry 1994; 151:1163-1171)

Lindley Bassarath - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Kenneth A. Dodge - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The future of research on the treatment of Conduct Disorder
    Development and Psychopathology, 1993
    Co-Authors: Kenneth A. Dodge
    Abstract:

    The thesis of this paper is that a reciprocal relation must develop between basic research on the developmental psychopathology of Conduct Disorder and applied treatment studies. Basic research can guide treatment design, and treatment outcomes can test developmental theories. The nature of Conduct Disorder seems to be one of multivariate components that act in self-perpetuating ways across development. These components include family, child-cognitive, peer group, and ecocommunity systems. Interventions that are directed toward just one component may be successful in producing proximal changes in the targeted domain, but they are not likely to be successful in long-term prevention of serious Conduct Disorder because other forces counteract these changes. The goal of treatment research needs to be long-term Conduct Disorder prevention. Two kinds of treatment studies are needed, one kind that is directed toward developing a technology of successful change procedures for individual processes and a second kind that uses these multiple change procedures in a comprehensive effort to prevent serious Conduct Disorder.

  • social cognitive mechanisms in the development of Conduct Disorder and depression
    Annual Review of Psychology, 1993
    Co-Authors: Kenneth A. Dodge
    Abstract:

    CONTENTS INTRODucnON 559 Mental Processes in Social Behavior 560 SOCIAL-INFORMA nON-PROCESSING THEORY . ... . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560 Application to Single Behavioral Events 562 Application to Child Psychopathology 563 Critique ..... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 571 KNOWLEDGE STRUCTURES THAT GUIDE PROCESSING 573 Relation to Aggressive Behavior 575 Relation to Depression .. ... 577 DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF Conduct Disorder AND DEPRESSION '''''''''''' 578 CONCLUSION 580

Rolf Loeber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • perspectives on oppositional defiant Disorder Conduct Disorder and psychopathic features
    Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2009
    Co-Authors: Rolf Loeber, Jeffrey D Burke, Dustin A Pardini
    Abstract:

    This paper presents a few perspectives on oppositional defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorder (CD), and early forms of psychopathy. The developmental changes and stability of each, and the interrelationship between the three conditions are reviewed, and correlates and predictors are highlighted. The paper also examines effective interventions for each of the three conditions and makes recommendations for future research.

  • maternal smoking during pregnancy and the risk of Conduct Disorder in boys
    Archives of General Psychiatry, 1997
    Co-Authors: Lauren S Wakschlag, Stephanie M Green, Rachel A Gordon, Benjamin B. Lahey, Rolf Loeber, Bennett L Leventhal
    Abstract:

    Background: Previous animal and human studies have indicated that prenatal exposure to nicotine is associated with adverse reproductive outcomes, including altered neural structure and functioning, cognitive deficits, and behavior problems in the offspring. Our study extends previous research on humans by controlling a broad range of correlates of maternal smoking during pregnancy to determine if smoking is associated with behavior problems in the offspring severe enough to qualify for DSM-III-R diagnoses. Method: Subjects were 177 clinic-referred boys, ages 7 to 12 years at the time of the first assessment, who underwent longitudinal assessment for 6 years using annual structured diagnostic interviews. Correlates of maternal smoking during pregnancy and previously identified demographic, parental, perinatal, and family risk factors for the disruptive behavior Disorders were controlled in logistic regression analyses. Results: Mothers who smoked more than half a pack of cigarettes daily during pregnancy were significantly more likely to have a child with Conduct Disorder (odds ratio, 4.4; P =.001) than mothers who did not smoke during pregnancy. This association was statistically significant when controlling for socioeconomic status, maternal age, parental antisocial personality, substance abuse during pregnancy, and maladaptive parenting. Conclusions: Maternal smoking during pregnancy appears to be a robust independent risk factor for Conduct Disorder in male offspring. Maternal smoking during pregnancy may have direct adverse effects on the developing fetus or be a marker for a heretofore unmeasured characteristic of mothers that is of etiologic significance for Conduct Disorder.

  • interaction between Conduct Disorder and its comorbid conditions effects of age and gender
    Clinical Psychology Review, 1994
    Co-Authors: Rolf Loeber, Kate Keenan
    Abstract:

    Abstract The temporal ordering, onset, and cooccurrence of Conduct Disorder and the following comorbid conditions is elucidated: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Substance Use, and Somatization Disorder. The impact of each of the comorbid conditions on the course and outcome of Conduct Disorder is examined. Age and gender are considered as primary influences on patterns of comorbidity. Although the risk of Conduct Disorder in girls is lower than that of boys, the risk for comorbidity for some Disorders in girls appears higher than that for boys.

Terrie E. Moffitt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the global burden of Conduct Disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity Disorder in 2010
    Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2014
    Co-Authors: Terrie E. Moffitt, Holly E Erskine, Alize J Ferrari, Guilherme V Polanczyk, Christopher J L Murray, Theo Vos
    Abstract:

    ObjectiveThe Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010) is the first to include Conduct Disorder (CD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) for burden quantification.

  • validity of dsm iv Conduct Disorder in 4 5 year old children a longitudinal epidemiological study
    American Journal of Psychiatry, 2005
    Co-Authors: Julia Kimcohen, Louise Arseneault, Avshalom Caspi, Monica Polo Tomas, Alan Taylor, Terrie E. Moffitt
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVE: This longitudinal study of a nonreferred, population-based sample tested the concurrent, convergent, and predictive validity of DSM-IV Conduct Disorder in children 4½–5 years of age. METHOD: In the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a representative birth cohort of 2,232 children, the children’s mothers were interviewed and the teachers completed mailed questionnaires to assess the children’s past 6-month Conduct Disorder symptoms. Children with three or more symptoms were diagnosed with Conduct Disorder, and a subset with five or more symptoms was diagnosed with “moderate-to-severe” Conduct Disorder. RESULTS: The prevalence of Conduct Disorder and moderate-to-severe Conduct Disorder were 6.6% and 2.5%, respectively. Children diagnosed with Conduct Disorder were significantly more likely than comparison subjects to self-report antisocial behaviors, to behave disruptively during observational assessment, and to have risk factors known to be associated with Conduct Disorder in older chil...

  • adult physical health outcomes of adolescent girls with Conduct Disorder depression and anxiety
    Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1998
    Co-Authors: Anna M Bardone, Terrie E. Moffitt, Avshalom Caspi, Nigel Dickson, Warren R Stanton, Phil A Silva
    Abstract:

    Objective: To examine the young adult physical health outcomes of adolescent girls with behavior problems. Method: Girls with Conduct Disorder, girls with depression, girls with anxiety, and healthy girls (N = 459) who had been evaluated at age 15 years were followed up at age 21, when general physical health, substance dependence, and reproductive health were assessed. Results: After control for potentially confounding variables including prior health, adolescent Conduct Disorder predicted more medical problems, poorer self-reported overall health, lower body mass index, alcohol and/or marijuana dependence, tobacco dependence, daily smoking, more lifetime sexual partners, sexually transmitted disease, and early pregnancy. Adolescent depression predicted only adult tobacco dependence and more medical problems; adolescent anxiety predicted more medical problems. Conclusions: The robust link between female adolescent Conduct Disorder and poor physical health in adulthood suggests that intervention with girls who have Conduct Disorder may be a strategy for preventing subsequent health problems.

  • The neuropsychology of Conduct Disorder.
    Development and Psychopathology, 1993
    Co-Authors: Terrie E. Moffitt
    Abstract:

    This article reviews evidence from neuropsychological tests that brain dysfunction is a correlate of Conduct Disorder. Most studies report consistent findings of differential neuropsychological deficits for antisocial samples in verbal and “executive” functions. Neuropsychological measures are related to some of the best indicators of poor outcome for children with Conduct symptoms, such as early onset, stability across time, hyperactive symptoms, and aggressiveness. Neuropsychological tests statistically predict variance in antisocial behavior independently of appropriate control variables. This article argues that neuropsychological variables warrant further study as possible causal factors for Conduct Disorder and presents one developmental perspective on how neuropsychological problems might contribute risk for Conduct Disorder.