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Kubat Ivana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Review of Confederation Bridge ice forces: Winter 2008-2010
    2013
    Co-Authors: Frederking Robert, Li Lian-feng, Kubat Ivana
    Abstract:

    Ice interactions with the Confederation Bridge for the winters 2008, 2009 and 2010 have been studied. Ice conditions for these winters were characterized as two average winters and one very mild winter. Tilt data from piers P23 and P24 in response to ice and wind actions were recorded by a data acquisition system. Video records of ice interactions with pier P23 and overall ice conditions adjacent to piers P23 and P24 allowed ice conditions and interaction processes to be related to tilt measurements. Wind data were analyzed to correct for the tilt caused by wind actions on the Bridge. Limit stress and limit force events were identified. An ice loading scenario that transitioned from limit force to limit stress resulted in the highest ice forces over the three years of monitoring, with forces of 3.1 MN and 4.3 MN at P23 and P24, respectively. ISO 19906 Arctic offshore structures can provide reasonable predictions of ice forces for ice actively failing on a conical structure.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

  • Response of Confederation Bridge to ice forces : Winter 2008-2010
    2010
    Co-Authors: Li Lian-feng, Frederking Robert, Kubat Ivana
    Abstract:

    Ice interactions with the Confederation Bridge for the winters 2008, 2009 and 2010 have been studied. Tilt data from piers P23 and P24 in response to ice and wind actions were recorded by a data acquisition system. Video records of ice interactions with pier P23 and overall ice conditions adjacent to piers P23 and P24 allowed ice conditions and interaction processes to be related to tilt measurements. Wind data were also analysed to correct for the tilt caused by wind actions on the Bridge. An ice loading scenario of slow build up of ice force on a pier due to the action of current and wind on a large ice floe was identified. In one instance this resulted in a maximum force of about 4 MN being generated on simultaneously on each of piers P23 and P24.Peer reviewed: NoNRC publication: Ye

  • Ice Interaction with Confederation Bridge \u2013 Review of NRC Program
    2007
    Co-Authors: Frederking Robert, Kubat Ivana, Prinsenberg S.
    Abstract:

    The Confederation Bridge is a unique structure located in an area with temperate but very dynamic ice conditions. An extensive monitoring and research program including ice force measurements was carried out under the auspices of an NSERC Collaborative R&D Grant. In addition, the National Research Council carried out a complimentary program to measure the response to pack ice of two Bridge piers adjacent to the navigation span. There were two objectives of the work. One was on the effect the Bridge might have on ice conditions and winter navigation, and the other was on the ice loading on the two piers. The largest force measured over 8 winters was 2.4 MN. Interpreted pack ice pressure was estimated to be in the range of 1 kN/m to 10 kN/m.NRC publication: Ye

  • Response of Confederation Bridge to Ice Forces: 2000 Winter Season
    2001
    Co-Authors: Kubat Ivana, Timco Garry
    Abstract:

    Tilt at two piers of the Confederation Bridge was measured from January to April 2000. Additionally, ice drift, current and ice thickness were measured in a collaborative effort with the Bedford Institute of Oceanography. Time- lapse video records of ice conditions were obtained from a traffic observation camera on Bridge. The response of the piers to wind loads was used as a first order means to determine foundation stiffness and convert tilt to ice force. Typical tilttime records for a two-day period in March are presented. A maximum ice load of 0.9 MN was obtained during a period when ice rid ges with keels up to 4 m deep were measured.NRC publication: Ye

  • Response of Two Piers on Confederation Bridge to Ice Loading Event of April 4, 2003
    2026
    Co-Authors: Frederking Robert, Kubat Ivana, Prinsenberg S.
    Abstract:

    A large piece of shore fast ice approximately 5 by 10 km broke free and drifted through Northumberland Strait on April 4 2003, failing against the piers of the Confederation Bridge. The ice had been surveyed shortly before its break-up and its thickness was about 1 m with many ridges of about 4 m thick when averaged over a 20-m diameter. While the ice was quite thick, it was late in the season and thus soft resulting in the maximum force determined on the two piers only in the order of 2 MN. Hand held videos of the episode provided an overview of the ice failure processes observed.NRC publication: Ye

Frederking Robert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Review of Confederation Bridge ice forces: Winter 2008-2010
    2013
    Co-Authors: Frederking Robert, Li Lian-feng, Kubat Ivana
    Abstract:

    Ice interactions with the Confederation Bridge for the winters 2008, 2009 and 2010 have been studied. Ice conditions for these winters were characterized as two average winters and one very mild winter. Tilt data from piers P23 and P24 in response to ice and wind actions were recorded by a data acquisition system. Video records of ice interactions with pier P23 and overall ice conditions adjacent to piers P23 and P24 allowed ice conditions and interaction processes to be related to tilt measurements. Wind data were analyzed to correct for the tilt caused by wind actions on the Bridge. Limit stress and limit force events were identified. An ice loading scenario that transitioned from limit force to limit stress resulted in the highest ice forces over the three years of monitoring, with forces of 3.1 MN and 4.3 MN at P23 and P24, respectively. ISO 19906 Arctic offshore structures can provide reasonable predictions of ice forces for ice actively failing on a conical structure.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

  • Response of Confederation Bridge to ice forces : Winter 2008-2010
    2010
    Co-Authors: Li Lian-feng, Frederking Robert, Kubat Ivana
    Abstract:

    Ice interactions with the Confederation Bridge for the winters 2008, 2009 and 2010 have been studied. Tilt data from piers P23 and P24 in response to ice and wind actions were recorded by a data acquisition system. Video records of ice interactions with pier P23 and overall ice conditions adjacent to piers P23 and P24 allowed ice conditions and interaction processes to be related to tilt measurements. Wind data were also analysed to correct for the tilt caused by wind actions on the Bridge. An ice loading scenario of slow build up of ice force on a pier due to the action of current and wind on a large ice floe was identified. In one instance this resulted in a maximum force of about 4 MN being generated on simultaneously on each of piers P23 and P24.Peer reviewed: NoNRC publication: Ye

  • Ice Interaction with Confederation Bridge \u2013 Review of NRC Program
    2007
    Co-Authors: Frederking Robert, Kubat Ivana, Prinsenberg S.
    Abstract:

    The Confederation Bridge is a unique structure located in an area with temperate but very dynamic ice conditions. An extensive monitoring and research program including ice force measurements was carried out under the auspices of an NSERC Collaborative R&D Grant. In addition, the National Research Council carried out a complimentary program to measure the response to pack ice of two Bridge piers adjacent to the navigation span. There were two objectives of the work. One was on the effect the Bridge might have on ice conditions and winter navigation, and the other was on the ice loading on the two piers. The largest force measured over 8 winters was 2.4 MN. Interpreted pack ice pressure was estimated to be in the range of 1 kN/m to 10 kN/m.NRC publication: Ye

  • Response of the Confederation Bridge to Ice Action
    2000
    Co-Authors: Frederking Robert, Hayakawa T.
    Abstract:

    The Confederation Bridge is a 13 km long structure which spans the Northumberland Strait, connecting Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick. Because of the uniqueness of the structure, an extensive monitoring and research program is being carried out. A complimentary program is being conducted to measure the response of the Bridge piers to the effects of drifting pack ice near the center of the Strait. Instrumentation to measure pier tilt was installed inside two piers adjacent to the navigation span. Pier tilt records for the period of February to April 1999 were obtained. Complimentary measurements of meteorological, ice and oceanographic parameters were also made. The method for analysing pier response to ice effects is described and illustrated for a case where the ice is exerting a load on a pier. A discussion of the method for using measured pier response to determine pack ice pressure is given.NRC publication: Ye

  • Response of Two Piers on Confederation Bridge to Ice Loading Event of April 4, 2003
    2026
    Co-Authors: Frederking Robert, Kubat Ivana, Prinsenberg S.
    Abstract:

    A large piece of shore fast ice approximately 5 by 10 km broke free and drifted through Northumberland Strait on April 4 2003, failing against the piers of the Confederation Bridge. The ice had been surveyed shortly before its break-up and its thickness was about 1 m with many ridges of about 4 m thick when averaged over a 20-m diameter. While the ice was quite thick, it was late in the season and thus soft resulting in the maximum force determined on the two piers only in the order of 2 MN. Hand held videos of the episode provided an overview of the ice failure processes observed.NRC publication: Ye

Frederking R. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Statistical analysis of the ice loading events on the Confederation Bridge
    Lulea University of Technology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Poirier L., Babaei H., Frederking R.
    Abstract:

    We have examined the ice loading forces on two piers of the Confederation Bridge during the 2012-13 ice season using the updated NRC ice load monitoring system. The new system allows better time synchronization of the tiltmeter and video data from each pier as well as the anemometer. The new system has allowed for the analysis of two large ice loading events simultaneously occurring at two adjacent Confederation Bridge piers and discussion of the relation between the forces on each pier during the events. The maximum load on a single pier was 3640 kN, when a large flow with embedded ridges stalled against two adjacent piers on April 6th, 2013. The maximum total load on the two adjacent piers was 5130 kN, fifty-six minutes after the single pier maximum. General statistics on the ice loads during a subset of the ice season were performed. Average ice loads during our observation period were 150 - 200 kN. Further refinement of the ice load and wind coefficients used at the NRC monitored Bridge piers may be suggested from this work.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

  • Review of Confederation Bridge ice forces: Winter 2008-2010
    2011
    Co-Authors: Frederking R., Li L.-f.
    Abstract:

    Ice interactions with the Confederation Bridge for the winters 2008, 2009 and 2010 have been studied. Ice conditions for these winters were characterized by two average and one very mild. Tilt data from piers P23 and P24 in response to ice and wind actions were recorded by a data acquisition system. Video records of ice interactions with pier P23 and overall ice conditions adjacent to piers P23 and P24 allowed ice conditions and interaction processes to be related to tilt measurements. Wind data were analysed to correct for the tilt caused by wind actions on the Bridge. Limit stress and limit force events were identified. An ice loading scenario that transitioned from limit force to limit stress resulted in the highest ice forces measured over the three years of monitoring, with forces of 3.1 MN and 4.3 MN at P23 and P24, respectively. This loading event corresponded to a likwly adfreeze condition. Copyright \ua9 2011 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

T.g. Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Confederation Bridge -An innovative approach to ice forces
    2020
    Co-Authors: T.g. Brown
    Abstract:

    Abstract: Confederation Bridge was designed for a 100-year design life, and to a level of reliability previously not used for Bridges. The increased level of reliability reflected the importance of the Bridge as the principle transportation link to Prince Edward Island, and the commitment by the Federal Government to provide a continuous transportation link to the island. Prior to the contract award, potential impacts of the construction of the Bridge on the ice regime in Northumberland Strait received considerable attention, and led to certain restrictions being placed on the Bridge arrangement. During the design process, ice forces became the primary lateral load effect on the piers, and the subject of both controversy and uncertainty. The final arrangement of the piers was designed to reduce the ice forces and thus meet the required reliability for lateral stability and to mitigate potential impacts on the ice regime. Nine years of observations and measurements have provided considerable evidence as to the efficacy of the design in both respects, and the design may be more effective than was considered initially. Since the Bridge opened in 1997, a comprehensive monitoring programme has been in place to assess the Bridge performance in a number of areas, including ice interactions and ice forces. The paper describes how the pier arrangement has been effective in reducing ice forces, the character of ice interactions with the piers, and the forces that have resulted from such interactions. The paper also summarizes the findings as to the impact of the Bridge on the ice regime in Northumberland Strait

  • a probabilistic approach to analysis of ice loads for the Confederation Bridge
    Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2001
    Co-Authors: T.g. Brown, I J Jordaan, Ken Croasdale
    Abstract:

    The main focus of the paper is the framework for analysing ice loads on the Confederation Bridge across the Northumberland Strait, using probabilistic methods. Safety targets were given as a beta f...

  • a probabilistic approach to analysis of ice loads for the Confederation Bridge
    Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2001
    Co-Authors: T.g. Brown, I J Jordaan, Ken Croasdale
    Abstract:

    The main focus of the paper is the framework for analysing ice loads on the Confederation Bridge across the Northumberland Strait, using probabilistic methods. Safety targets were given as a beta factor of 4.0 for a 100-year lifetime, amounting to a probability of failure of about 3 × 10-7 per year. The ice regime comprises rafted and ridged ice, and peak loads are expected during March and April of each year. A simulation method was developed, in which loads are calculated corresponding to individual interactions associated with ridges in the ice floes that traverse the strait. The floes are driven by environmental driving forces, and the highest loads occur when these exceed the ridge failure loads. The load results from failure of the consolidated layer and rubble keel. Methods for the analysis of this are described. The determination of extreme loads depends on the number of interactions per year. Difficulties in modelling are described, together with techniques for analysis, such as updating of proba...

Li Lian-feng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Review of Confederation Bridge ice forces: Winter 2008-2010
    2013
    Co-Authors: Frederking Robert, Li Lian-feng, Kubat Ivana
    Abstract:

    Ice interactions with the Confederation Bridge for the winters 2008, 2009 and 2010 have been studied. Ice conditions for these winters were characterized as two average winters and one very mild winter. Tilt data from piers P23 and P24 in response to ice and wind actions were recorded by a data acquisition system. Video records of ice interactions with pier P23 and overall ice conditions adjacent to piers P23 and P24 allowed ice conditions and interaction processes to be related to tilt measurements. Wind data were analyzed to correct for the tilt caused by wind actions on the Bridge. Limit stress and limit force events were identified. An ice loading scenario that transitioned from limit force to limit stress resulted in the highest ice forces over the three years of monitoring, with forces of 3.1 MN and 4.3 MN at P23 and P24, respectively. ISO 19906 Arctic offshore structures can provide reasonable predictions of ice forces for ice actively failing on a conical structure.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

  • Response of Confederation Bridge to ice forces : Winter 2008-2010
    2010
    Co-Authors: Li Lian-feng, Frederking Robert, Kubat Ivana
    Abstract:

    Ice interactions with the Confederation Bridge for the winters 2008, 2009 and 2010 have been studied. Tilt data from piers P23 and P24 in response to ice and wind actions were recorded by a data acquisition system. Video records of ice interactions with pier P23 and overall ice conditions adjacent to piers P23 and P24 allowed ice conditions and interaction processes to be related to tilt measurements. Wind data were also analysed to correct for the tilt caused by wind actions on the Bridge. An ice loading scenario of slow build up of ice force on a pier due to the action of current and wind on a large ice floe was identified. In one instance this resulted in a maximum force of about 4 MN being generated on simultaneously on each of piers P23 and P24.Peer reviewed: NoNRC publication: Ye