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Il-byung Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Study on 'The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Disease' of ${\ulcorner}Dongyi{\;}Soose{\;}Bowon{\lrcorner}$ written
Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Su-kyung Lee, Byung-hee Koh, Il-byung Song, Jun-hee LeeAbstract:The purpose of this article was to compare 'The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Disease' of Dongyi Soose Bowon written in 1894(Old Edition(舊本)) with that of Dongyi Soose Bowon published in 1901(In Edition(印本)), and to find the idea of pathologic mechanism and classification of 'the Exterior and Interior disease'. the conclusions were as follows. 1. The classification of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Soeumin and Soyangin in 'Old Edition(舊本)' was almost equal to that in 'In Edition(印本)' 2. In pathological mechanism of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Soeumin and Soyangin, 'The Exterior Disease' could be explained as the disease resulted from fight between 'Yang-chi(陽氣)(Hot-chi(熱氣))'of 'Thoracic vertebrae' and 'Yin-chi(陰氣)(Cold-chi(寒氣))' of 'Bladder' and 'The Interior Disease' between 'Hot-chi(熱氣)(Stomach-chi(胄氣))' of 'Stomach' and 'Cold-chi(寒氣)' of 'Large intestine'. 3. 'The Exterior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之表病)' could be explained as the disease occurring at the Branch portion(large portion)(標) by overcoming of Pathogenic factors but Vital energy still sufficient, and 'The Interior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之裏病)' occurring at Root portion(small portion)(裏) by invasion of Pathogenic factors and Vital energy almost exhausted. 4. In the classification of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Taeumin, 'The Exterior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之表病)' in 'Old Edition(舊本)' were rearranged to 'The Exterior Disease' in 'In Edition(印本)', 'The Interior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之裏病)' to 'The Interior Disease'. 5. It was assumed that 'The Exterior and the Interior Disease' of Taeumin could be explained in relation between the exterior and e interior, based on the Healthy energy(保命之主) and e concept of the Branch and the Root portion
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a study on the discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and disease of ulcorner dongyi soose bowon lrcorner written
Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Su-kyung Lee, Byung-hee Koh, Il-byung Song, Jun-hee LeeAbstract:The purpose of this article was to compare 'The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Disease' of Dongyi Soose Bowon written in 1894(Old Edition(舊本)) with that of Dongyi Soose Bowon published in 1901(In Edition(印本)), and to find the idea of pathologic mechanism and classification of 'the Exterior and Interior disease'. the conclusions were as follows. 1. The classification of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Soeumin and Soyangin in 'Old Edition(舊本)' was almost equal to that in 'In Edition(印本)' 2. In pathological mechanism of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Soeumin and Soyangin, 'The Exterior Disease' could be explained as the disease resulted from fight between 'Yang-chi(陽氣)(Hot-chi(熱氣))'of 'Thoracic vertebrae' and 'Yin-chi(陰氣)(Cold-chi(寒氣))' of 'Bladder' and 'The Interior Disease' between 'Hot-chi(熱氣)(Stomach-chi(胄氣))' of 'Stomach' and 'Cold-chi(寒氣)' of 'Large intestine'. 3. 'The Exterior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之表病)' could be explained as the disease occurring at the Branch portion(large portion)(標) by overcoming of Pathogenic factors but Vital energy still sufficient, and 'The Interior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之裏病)' occurring at Root portion(small portion)(裏) by invasion of Pathogenic factors and Vital energy almost exhausted. 4. In the classification of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Taeumin, 'The Exterior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之表病)' in 'Old Edition(舊本)' were rearranged to 'The Exterior Disease' in 'In Edition(印本)', 'The Interior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之裏病)' to 'The Interior Disease'. 5. It was assumed that 'The Exterior and the Interior Disease' of Taeumin could be explained in relation between the exterior and e interior, based on the Healthy energy(保命之主) and e concept of the Branch and the Root portion
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Dongmu Lee Je-ma's minds of treatment presented in ${\ulcorner}Dongyi\;Soose\;Bowon{\lrcorner}$
Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Il-byung SongAbstract:Background and Purpose Through Dongyi Soose Bowon, Dongmu Lee Je-ma supposed the minds of management for Sasang Constitutional Symptoms, which had been accomplished through several steps from his early writings to Dongyi Soose Bowon published in 1901. His basic minds of treatment for disease had been supposed early in Gyojapyungseongjam and Gyukchigo, and had been completed to the Sasang Constitutional Symptoms and the minds of management for it, from Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun, Dongyi Soose Bowon written in 1894 to Dongyi Soose Bowon published in 1901. In this paper, I tried to find the minds of treatment of Dongyi Soose Bowon, through classifying and researching the early minds of treatment (presented in Gyojapyungseongjam, Gyukchigo, Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun), and the latter minds of treatment (presented in Dongyi Soose Bowon written in 1894, Dongyi Soose Bowon published in 1901) Methods It was researched as bibliologically with his writings such as Gyojapyungseongjam, Gyukchigo, Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun, Dongyi Soose Bowon written in 1894, Dongyi Soose Bowon published in 1901. Results and Conclusions The conclusions were as follows. 1. At early, Dongmu Lee Je-ma pursued the minds of treatment at the autonomous control through 'Acquaintance and Self-control' based on 'the Knowledge of Nature and Desire', so emphasized 'self-control' as important point in treatment. 2. From Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun, Dongmu summarized Sasang Constitutional Symptoms structurally in view of Morpho-imaginary. In Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun and Dongyi Soose Bowon written in 1894, It was described in view of small organ, but in Dongyi Soose Bowon published in 1901, suggested more updated in view of both large and small organ and to which added the concept of Hot and Cold. 3. Through reinterpreting the concept of interior and exterior disease in Sanghanrhon, the concept of Sasang Constitutional Symptoms had started as the minds of treatment for individual disease, but in Dongyi Soose Bowon published in 1901, it was accomplished as the minds of broad management for Sasang Constitutional Symptoms. 4. In Dongyi Soose Bowon published in 1901, the broad therapeutic prescriptions for management of Sasang Constitutional Symptoms were proposed newly, according to the accomplishment of Sasang Constitutional symptomatic patterns, so these have different aims and are more important than that proposed previously. 5. The control in view of 'Knowledge and Deed' and the minds of management for Sasang Constitutional Symptoms are the minds and spirits for treantment and prevention against disease, which can maximize the power of autonomous self-treatment and manage all disease broadly.
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The Study about 「The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases」 of Sasangin on the 『Dongyi Suse Bowon』
Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, 1999Co-Authors: Su-kyung Lee, Il-byung SongAbstract:This paper was written in order to understand each Constitutional Symptoms and diseases with two aspects. The first was to trace the courses to accomplish Constitutional Symptoms and diseases from that of oriented medicine through "Dongyi Bogam" and the original writing such as "Shanghanlun". The second was to analyze the Constitutional diseases with Lee Je-ma's own recognition on human being and the society which was based on the "Dongyi Suse Bowon". The original concepts of 'The Interior Disease' and 'The Exterior Disease' were based on the Nature and the Emotion, the Environmental Frames and the Human Affairs, the Ears Eyes Nose Mouth and the Lung Spleen Liver Kidney. The exterior disease were caused by the abilities of ears to listen, eyes to see, nose to smell, and mouth to taste on the environmental frames which were related one's recognition to society. The interior diseases were caused by the abilities of lung to study, spleen to ask, liver to think, kidney to judge on human affairs which were related the relationship between me and others. So the titles of Constitutional diseases were named by these views on his first writing of "Dongyi Suse Bowon" in 1894. So the titles of Taeyangin diseases, 'The lumbar Vertebae Disease Induced by Exopathogen' and 'The Small Intestine Disease Induced by Endopathogen' were still remained as the first writing. But the titles of Constitutional diseases were rewritten such as present titles in 1900. In order to express pathology and mechanism of Constitutional diseases exactly, he rewrote titles which contained the manifestation sites of diseases, and the Symptoms of febrile and cold, and the different congenital formations of organs. The exterior diseases and interior diseases had three characteristics. The first was that the exterior disease injured by the nature which had a tendency to progress slowly and the interior disease injured by the emotion which had a tendency to progress rapidly. The second was not that the interior disease and the exterior disease were separated, but that one influenced the other and these were revealed as a disease together when the diseases continued for a long time. The third was that even though the disease caught together it was included the beginning disease. The Symptoms in ordinary times was the origin and clue to recognize the Constitutional Symptoms and diseases. It enabled to establish the Constitutional medicine which treated by different ways according to constitution. It had two characteristics which were different from the Traditional Chinese Medicine in appearance of diseases. The first was that the disease was progressed to the next step from the Symptoms in ordinary times. The second was that each constitution had different Symptoms which were due to Symptoms in ordinary times under the same disease, The third was the manifestation of disease were different from Symptoms in ordinary times in the same constitution. But the most important thing was that Lee Je-ma recognized these Symptoms in ordinary times as four categories and he presented Constitutional Symptoms and Constitutional disease. The four categories were the method to recognize the human being and the diseases for him As the Symptoms and diseases of Sasang Constitutional Medicine were compared to Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Constitutional diseases of "Dongyi Suse Bowon" could be classified into two groups. The first group was the unique diseases and Symptoms, which were not in the Traditional Chinese Medicine, and which were established by the Lee Je-ma. These contained the diseases of taeyangin, the exterior disease of taeumin, the exterior disease of soyangin. The second group used the unique methods to treat disease, which were not in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and which were established by Lee Je-ma. This contained the interior disease of taeumin, the delirium diseases from the MangYin of soyangin, the treatment to help the Yang-Qi ascend and to supplement the ql In the exterior disease of soeumin. Especially, the diseases of taeyangin and taeumin which were caused by the metabolism disorders of Qi-Yack(氣液) were the great achievement to establish Constitutional Symptoms and diseases. The discourse of taeyangin diseases presented his original thought to recognize the Symptoms and diseases through the Shin Gi Hyul Jeong(神氣血精) and the Qi-Yack, the discourse of taeumin diseases presented the disperse of Qi-Yack through the forward and backward of sweat, the discourse of soyangin disease presented the sweat of hand and feet which was manifested that yin-qi of spleen descended to yin qi of kidney, and the bowel movement which was manifested that yang qi of large intestine ascend to head, face and four extremities, the discourse of soeumin disease presented the Jueyin syndrome without the abdominal pain and diarrhea as the exterior disease and made importance to the nervous mind And the classification of exterior diseases and interior diseases were not due to the pharmacology but due to the Symptoms and diseases according to the constitution.
Ruben A. Mesa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Predictive models for splenic response to JAK-inhibitor therapy in patients with myelofibrosis.
Leukemia & Lymphoma, 2018Co-Authors: Kamal Menghrajani, Ruben A. Mesa, Philip S. Boonstra, Jessica Mercer, Cecelia Perkins, Krisstina Gowin, Alissa Weber, Jason Gotlib, Lixia Wang, Jack W. SingerAbstract:JAK inhibitors for myelofibrosis (MF) reduce spleen size, control Constitutional Symptoms, and may improve survival. We studied the clinical characteristics of 548 MF patients treated with JAK inhi...
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ReTHINK: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase 3 study of ruxolitinib in early myelofibrosis patients.
Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2016Co-Authors: Francesco Passamonti, Jean-jacques Kiladjian, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Andreas Reiter, Savita Bharathy, Dana Iommazzo, Viktoriya Stalbovskaya, Prashanth Gopalakrishna, Ruben A. MesaAbstract:TPS7080Background: Myelofibrosis (MF) is a clonal hematologic neoplasm characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, splenomegaly, anemia, and debilitating Constitutional Symptoms. Currently, most patient...
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Assessment and Monitoring of Constitutional Symptoms in Patients with Myelofibrosis: A Proposed New Instrument the Myelofibrosis Symptom Assessment Form (MFSAF).
Blood, 2008Co-Authors: Ruben A. Mesa, David P. Steensma, Animesh Pardanani, Mark R. Litzow, Susan M. Schwager, Deepti Radia, Andrea L. Cheville, Kebede Hussein, Joyce Niblack, Candido E. RiveraAbstract:Background: Myelofibrosis (MF) shortens survival but also compromises quality of life from disease associated splenomegaly and Constitutional Symptoms (fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, and bone pain). No current validated instrument of patient reported outcomes (PRO) captures the spectrum of MF associated Symptoms. In an era of rapid development and testing of therapeutic agents which may impact the natural history and Symptoms associated with MF (such as JAK2 inhibitors) a uniform and validated instrument for capturing the presence, severity (and potentially improvement) of MF Symptoms is needed. We sought to develop and validate such an instrument, the myelofibrosis symptom assessment form (MFSAF). Methods: Based upon the results in our MF QOL survey (Cancer2007;109(1):68–76), we developed the MFSAF to assess fatigue (via the brief fatigue inventory (BFI-Cancer1999;85:1186)), additional Symptoms were independently assessed for presence and severity on a scale from 0 (absent) to 10 (worst possible) for splenomegaly associated Symptoms (early satiety, pain, inactivity, cough) night sweats, itching, bone pain, fever, unintentional weight loss as well as an estimate of overall quality of life. Additionally, patients provided feedback on the quality and nature of the MFSAF, and also completed for comparison validated instruments including the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Brief Pain Index. Physician input was included including their assessment of patient’s fatigue, spleen Symptoms, and quality of life (blinded to patient’s responses) as well as clinical history, lab and exam findings. Results: MFSAF Results 34 MPD patients were enrolled (24 MF, 10 in the comparison group (4 polycythemia vera (PV), 6 essential thrombocythemia (ET)). the MFSAF was rated by patients as easy to understand (median score 1, range 0–6), and “addressed most of my Symptoms” (median score 1, range 0–6) both on a scale of 0 (as good as possible to 10 as bad as possible). When asked if a symptom was not addressed (open ended response) no single symptom was named more than once. As we have previously reported fatigue was common with BFI scores (median 3.6 (0–10) for MF and 2.5 (range 0.2–3.8) for the ET/PV group (increasing BFI score associated with worsening fatigue) worse than median score of published “healthy” controls 2.2. Additional MF associated Symptoms were captured well by the MFSAF with splenic, Constitutional Symptoms, and QOL (median 3 (range 0–7) MF, median 2 (0–3) ET/PV) documented easily and worse than ET/PV controls. Physicians estimation of QOL was excellent (median 3 (0–8) for MF, median 2 (0–4) for ET/PV). MFSAF Comparison to other Instruments: The MSAS demonstrated more adverse values for MF (than ET/PV) in the PSYCH (psychologic stress; mean-1.27 (STD DEV 0.80), PHYS (physical Symptoms; mean 0.90 (STD DEV 0.53)), GDI (Global Distress Index mean-1.29 (STD DEV 0.77)) and a total MSAS symptom score (mean 0.85 (std dev (0.49)) comparable with advanced renal disease (PSYCH 0.99, PHYS 0.99, GDI 1.27, and MSAS of 0.81; J of Pall Med2007;10(6):1266), as well as advanced lung disease, AIDS, and various advanced malignancies. Individual, previously validated MSAS questions were all highly correlated (all p (fatigue), cough ( same ), pain (both abdominal pain and bone pain ), sweats ( night sweats ), itching ( same ), and weight loss ( same ). Further validation of pain measurements in the MFSAF came from comparison to the BPI where both individually the presence, and intensity of pain (both abdominal and bone) were highly correlated (all p Conclusions: Currently available instruments of PRO and Symptoms are lengthy, and individually incomplete for assessing the presence and severity of the diverse nature of Symptoms associated with MF. The proposed MFSAF, was comprehensive and well understood by patients and the results for the individual Symptoms assessed were highly correlated with previously validated instruments for other conditions as well as with physicians perceptions of fatigue and QOL. The MFSAF, with the addition of questions regarding insomnia and sexuality, should be utilized in all trials of therapeutic agents in MF patients in which symptomatic improvements are an endpoint.
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Conventional and experimental drug therapy in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia
Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports, 2007Co-Authors: Ruben A. Mesa, Alfonso Quintás-cardama, Srdan VerstovsekAbstract:Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) is currently classified as a classic (ie, BCR-ABL-negative) myeloproliferative disorder characterized by anemia, multiorgan extramedullary hematopoiesis, Constitutional Symptoms, and premature death from either leukemic transformation or other disease complications. Stem cell transplantation can be curative, but many patients either are not appropriate candidates or do not choose to accept the significant risks associated with transplantation. Current pharmacologic therapy has been beneficial mainly in terms of palliating disease-associated cytopenias, Constitutional Symptoms, splenomegaly, and other organ damage from excess myeloproliferation. Novel treatment strategies are under investigation, including targeted inhibition of JAK2^V617F, the activating tyrosine kinase point mutation present in about half of patients with MMM. In this article, we review both the old and new pharmacologic options for MMM.
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Phase II Study of the Combination of Low-Dose Thalidomide, Prednisone, and Oral Cyclophosphamide (TPC Regimen) in the Treatment of Anemia, Splenomegaly, and Constitutional Symptoms Associated with Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia (MMM).
Blood, 2006Co-Authors: Ruben A. Mesa, David P. Steensma, Animesh Pardanani, Mark R. Litzow, Jerome B. Zeldis, William Hogan, Susan Geyer, Ayalew TefferiAbstract:Abstract BACKGROUND: We have previously reported on the therapeutic value of low-dose thalidomide in combination with prednisone (THAL-PRED) for the treatment of both anemia and thrombocytopenia in MMM (Blood2003;101:2534), with response rates of 62% and 75% for each cytopenia respectively. Alkylators have long been shown to have palliative benefit in MMM, however are used judiciously as long-term use could increase likelihood of leukemic transformation. Additionally, oral cyclophosphamide has been shown to synergize with thalidomide and steroids in the treatment of myeloma (Garcia-Sanz et. al. Leukemia2004;18:856–863). In the current study, we investigated the value of adding oral cyclophosphamide to THAL-PRED for MMM (TPC). METHODS: Study eligibility criteria included a histologically confirmed diagnosis of MMM and either severe anemia (hemoglobin < 10 g/dL) or symptomatic splenomegaly. Protocol treatment was initiated with 50 mg of oral thalidomide (THAL) daily, oral cyclophosphamide (CTX) 25 mg daily for three months, and a three month prednisone taper starting at 0.5 mg/kg/day for the first month followed by a 50% reduction for the second months and a further 50% reduction for the third and final month of treatment with prednisone. Patients with a demonstrable clinical response after three months were able to remain on thalidomide alone as maintenance. Responses were assessed by the International Working Group for Myelofibrosis Research and Treatment (IWG-MRT) criteria for MMM clinical responses (Tefferi et. al. Blood 2006; epub May 2006). RESULTS: 13 patients were enrolled to the trial (median age 73 years, range, 46–80; 7 males). Six patients (46%) completed the planned three cycles (i.e. 12 weeks) of treatment, the remaining seven patients discontinued treatment early for the following reasons: progression (n=3), patient choice (n=2), other medical problem (n=1) and died on study (n=1). After the initial 3 months of treatment, 3/13 (23%) patients evidenced a response (n = 1) or stable disease (n = 2) and continued on an additional three months of THAL alone. At enrollment, nine patients (69%) were anemic (8 of whom (62%) were red cell transfusion dependent). Ten patients (77%) were at least moderately thrombocytopenic (platelet count < 100 x 109//L). Eight patients (62%) had palpable hepatomegaly/splenomegaly, and five patients (38%) had severe Constitutional Symptoms (night sweats). According to IWG-MRT criteria for MMM the best responses observed from therapy was a CI (clinical improvement) in 2 individuals (one each for anemia (1/9 patients (11%); and thrombocytopenia (1/10 patients (10%)). No clear responses in organomegaly or Constitutional Symptoms were observed. The regimen overall was well tolerated with toxicities in excess of grade 2 all being related to myelosuppression (anemia (n=2), neutropenia (n=2), and thrombocytopenia (n=3)). CONCLUSIONS: This phase II study of combination therapy with thalidomide-prednisone-cyclophosphamide in patients with MMM strongly suggests that the addition of the alkylator cyclophosphamide largely negates the clinical benefits of THAL-PRED. This observation supports the potential immunologic mechanism of THAL-PRED benefit in MMM, and cautions against potential combinations of immunological and cytotoxic therapy in this disorder.
Jun-hee Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Study on 'The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Disease' of ${\ulcorner}Dongyi{\;}Soose{\;}Bowon{\lrcorner}$ written
Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Su-kyung Lee, Byung-hee Koh, Il-byung Song, Jun-hee LeeAbstract:The purpose of this article was to compare 'The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Disease' of Dongyi Soose Bowon written in 1894(Old Edition(舊本)) with that of Dongyi Soose Bowon published in 1901(In Edition(印本)), and to find the idea of pathologic mechanism and classification of 'the Exterior and Interior disease'. the conclusions were as follows. 1. The classification of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Soeumin and Soyangin in 'Old Edition(舊本)' was almost equal to that in 'In Edition(印本)' 2. In pathological mechanism of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Soeumin and Soyangin, 'The Exterior Disease' could be explained as the disease resulted from fight between 'Yang-chi(陽氣)(Hot-chi(熱氣))'of 'Thoracic vertebrae' and 'Yin-chi(陰氣)(Cold-chi(寒氣))' of 'Bladder' and 'The Interior Disease' between 'Hot-chi(熱氣)(Stomach-chi(胄氣))' of 'Stomach' and 'Cold-chi(寒氣)' of 'Large intestine'. 3. 'The Exterior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之表病)' could be explained as the disease occurring at the Branch portion(large portion)(標) by overcoming of Pathogenic factors but Vital energy still sufficient, and 'The Interior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之裏病)' occurring at Root portion(small portion)(裏) by invasion of Pathogenic factors and Vital energy almost exhausted. 4. In the classification of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Taeumin, 'The Exterior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之表病)' in 'Old Edition(舊本)' were rearranged to 'The Exterior Disease' in 'In Edition(印本)', 'The Interior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之裏病)' to 'The Interior Disease'. 5. It was assumed that 'The Exterior and the Interior Disease' of Taeumin could be explained in relation between the exterior and e interior, based on the Healthy energy(保命之主) and e concept of the Branch and the Root portion
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a study on the discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and disease of ulcorner dongyi soose bowon lrcorner written
Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Su-kyung Lee, Byung-hee Koh, Il-byung Song, Jun-hee LeeAbstract:The purpose of this article was to compare 'The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Disease' of Dongyi Soose Bowon written in 1894(Old Edition(舊本)) with that of Dongyi Soose Bowon published in 1901(In Edition(印本)), and to find the idea of pathologic mechanism and classification of 'the Exterior and Interior disease'. the conclusions were as follows. 1. The classification of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Soeumin and Soyangin in 'Old Edition(舊本)' was almost equal to that in 'In Edition(印本)' 2. In pathological mechanism of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Soeumin and Soyangin, 'The Exterior Disease' could be explained as the disease resulted from fight between 'Yang-chi(陽氣)(Hot-chi(熱氣))'of 'Thoracic vertebrae' and 'Yin-chi(陰氣)(Cold-chi(寒氣))' of 'Bladder' and 'The Interior Disease' between 'Hot-chi(熱氣)(Stomach-chi(胄氣))' of 'Stomach' and 'Cold-chi(寒氣)' of 'Large intestine'. 3. 'The Exterior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之表病)' could be explained as the disease occurring at the Branch portion(large portion)(標) by overcoming of Pathogenic factors but Vital energy still sufficient, and 'The Interior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之裏病)' occurring at Root portion(small portion)(裏) by invasion of Pathogenic factors and Vital energy almost exhausted. 4. In the classification of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Taeumin, 'The Exterior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之表病)' in 'Old Edition(舊本)' were rearranged to 'The Exterior Disease' in 'In Edition(印本)', 'The Interior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之裏病)' to 'The Interior Disease'. 5. It was assumed that 'The Exterior and the Interior Disease' of Taeumin could be explained in relation between the exterior and e interior, based on the Healthy energy(保命之主) and e concept of the Branch and the Root portion
Su-kyung Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A Study on 'The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Disease' of ${\ulcorner}Dongyi{\;}Soose{\;}Bowon{\lrcorner}$ written
Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Su-kyung Lee, Byung-hee Koh, Il-byung Song, Jun-hee LeeAbstract:The purpose of this article was to compare 'The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Disease' of Dongyi Soose Bowon written in 1894(Old Edition(舊本)) with that of Dongyi Soose Bowon published in 1901(In Edition(印本)), and to find the idea of pathologic mechanism and classification of 'the Exterior and Interior disease'. the conclusions were as follows. 1. The classification of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Soeumin and Soyangin in 'Old Edition(舊本)' was almost equal to that in 'In Edition(印本)' 2. In pathological mechanism of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Soeumin and Soyangin, 'The Exterior Disease' could be explained as the disease resulted from fight between 'Yang-chi(陽氣)(Hot-chi(熱氣))'of 'Thoracic vertebrae' and 'Yin-chi(陰氣)(Cold-chi(寒氣))' of 'Bladder' and 'The Interior Disease' between 'Hot-chi(熱氣)(Stomach-chi(胄氣))' of 'Stomach' and 'Cold-chi(寒氣)' of 'Large intestine'. 3. 'The Exterior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之表病)' could be explained as the disease occurring at the Branch portion(large portion)(標) by overcoming of Pathogenic factors but Vital energy still sufficient, and 'The Interior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之裏病)' occurring at Root portion(small portion)(裏) by invasion of Pathogenic factors and Vital energy almost exhausted. 4. In the classification of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Taeumin, 'The Exterior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之表病)' in 'Old Edition(舊本)' were rearranged to 'The Exterior Disease' in 'In Edition(印本)', 'The Interior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之裏病)' to 'The Interior Disease'. 5. It was assumed that 'The Exterior and the Interior Disease' of Taeumin could be explained in relation between the exterior and e interior, based on the Healthy energy(保命之主) and e concept of the Branch and the Root portion
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a study on the discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and disease of ulcorner dongyi soose bowon lrcorner written
Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Su-kyung Lee, Byung-hee Koh, Il-byung Song, Jun-hee LeeAbstract:The purpose of this article was to compare 'The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Disease' of Dongyi Soose Bowon written in 1894(Old Edition(舊本)) with that of Dongyi Soose Bowon published in 1901(In Edition(印本)), and to find the idea of pathologic mechanism and classification of 'the Exterior and Interior disease'. the conclusions were as follows. 1. The classification of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Soeumin and Soyangin in 'Old Edition(舊本)' was almost equal to that in 'In Edition(印本)' 2. In pathological mechanism of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Soeumin and Soyangin, 'The Exterior Disease' could be explained as the disease resulted from fight between 'Yang-chi(陽氣)(Hot-chi(熱氣))'of 'Thoracic vertebrae' and 'Yin-chi(陰氣)(Cold-chi(寒氣))' of 'Bladder' and 'The Interior Disease' between 'Hot-chi(熱氣)(Stomach-chi(胄氣))' of 'Stomach' and 'Cold-chi(寒氣)' of 'Large intestine'. 3. 'The Exterior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之表病)' could be explained as the disease occurring at the Branch portion(large portion)(標) by overcoming of Pathogenic factors but Vital energy still sufficient, and 'The Interior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之裏病)' occurring at Root portion(small portion)(裏) by invasion of Pathogenic factors and Vital energy almost exhausted. 4. In the classification of Constitutional Symptoms and disease of Taeumin, 'The Exterior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之表病)' in 'Old Edition(舊本)' were rearranged to 'The Exterior Disease' in 'In Edition(印本)', 'The Interior Symptoms and Disease of the Exterior and the Interior Disease(表裏之裏病)' to 'The Interior Disease'. 5. It was assumed that 'The Exterior and the Interior Disease' of Taeumin could be explained in relation between the exterior and e interior, based on the Healthy energy(保命之主) and e concept of the Branch and the Root portion
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The Study about 「The Discourse on the Constitutional Symptoms and Diseases」 of Sasangin on the 『Dongyi Suse Bowon』
Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, 1999Co-Authors: Su-kyung Lee, Il-byung SongAbstract:This paper was written in order to understand each Constitutional Symptoms and diseases with two aspects. The first was to trace the courses to accomplish Constitutional Symptoms and diseases from that of oriented medicine through "Dongyi Bogam" and the original writing such as "Shanghanlun". The second was to analyze the Constitutional diseases with Lee Je-ma's own recognition on human being and the society which was based on the "Dongyi Suse Bowon". The original concepts of 'The Interior Disease' and 'The Exterior Disease' were based on the Nature and the Emotion, the Environmental Frames and the Human Affairs, the Ears Eyes Nose Mouth and the Lung Spleen Liver Kidney. The exterior disease were caused by the abilities of ears to listen, eyes to see, nose to smell, and mouth to taste on the environmental frames which were related one's recognition to society. The interior diseases were caused by the abilities of lung to study, spleen to ask, liver to think, kidney to judge on human affairs which were related the relationship between me and others. So the titles of Constitutional diseases were named by these views on his first writing of "Dongyi Suse Bowon" in 1894. So the titles of Taeyangin diseases, 'The lumbar Vertebae Disease Induced by Exopathogen' and 'The Small Intestine Disease Induced by Endopathogen' were still remained as the first writing. But the titles of Constitutional diseases were rewritten such as present titles in 1900. In order to express pathology and mechanism of Constitutional diseases exactly, he rewrote titles which contained the manifestation sites of diseases, and the Symptoms of febrile and cold, and the different congenital formations of organs. The exterior diseases and interior diseases had three characteristics. The first was that the exterior disease injured by the nature which had a tendency to progress slowly and the interior disease injured by the emotion which had a tendency to progress rapidly. The second was not that the interior disease and the exterior disease were separated, but that one influenced the other and these were revealed as a disease together when the diseases continued for a long time. The third was that even though the disease caught together it was included the beginning disease. The Symptoms in ordinary times was the origin and clue to recognize the Constitutional Symptoms and diseases. It enabled to establish the Constitutional medicine which treated by different ways according to constitution. It had two characteristics which were different from the Traditional Chinese Medicine in appearance of diseases. The first was that the disease was progressed to the next step from the Symptoms in ordinary times. The second was that each constitution had different Symptoms which were due to Symptoms in ordinary times under the same disease, The third was the manifestation of disease were different from Symptoms in ordinary times in the same constitution. But the most important thing was that Lee Je-ma recognized these Symptoms in ordinary times as four categories and he presented Constitutional Symptoms and Constitutional disease. The four categories were the method to recognize the human being and the diseases for him As the Symptoms and diseases of Sasang Constitutional Medicine were compared to Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Constitutional diseases of "Dongyi Suse Bowon" could be classified into two groups. The first group was the unique diseases and Symptoms, which were not in the Traditional Chinese Medicine, and which were established by the Lee Je-ma. These contained the diseases of taeyangin, the exterior disease of taeumin, the exterior disease of soyangin. The second group used the unique methods to treat disease, which were not in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and which were established by Lee Je-ma. This contained the interior disease of taeumin, the delirium diseases from the MangYin of soyangin, the treatment to help the Yang-Qi ascend and to supplement the ql In the exterior disease of soeumin. Especially, the diseases of taeyangin and taeumin which were caused by the metabolism disorders of Qi-Yack(氣液) were the great achievement to establish Constitutional Symptoms and diseases. The discourse of taeyangin diseases presented his original thought to recognize the Symptoms and diseases through the Shin Gi Hyul Jeong(神氣血精) and the Qi-Yack, the discourse of taeumin diseases presented the disperse of Qi-Yack through the forward and backward of sweat, the discourse of soyangin disease presented the sweat of hand and feet which was manifested that yin-qi of spleen descended to yin qi of kidney, and the bowel movement which was manifested that yang qi of large intestine ascend to head, face and four extremities, the discourse of soeumin disease presented the Jueyin syndrome without the abdominal pain and diarrhea as the exterior disease and made importance to the nervous mind And the classification of exterior diseases and interior diseases were not due to the pharmacology but due to the Symptoms and diseases according to the constitution.
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Phase II Study of the Combination of Low-Dose Thalidomide, Prednisone, and Oral Cyclophosphamide (TPC Regimen) in the Treatment of Anemia, Splenomegaly, and Constitutional Symptoms Associated with Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia (MMM).
Blood, 2006Co-Authors: Ruben A. Mesa, David P. Steensma, Animesh Pardanani, Mark R. Litzow, Jerome B. Zeldis, William Hogan, Susan Geyer, Ayalew TefferiAbstract:Abstract BACKGROUND: We have previously reported on the therapeutic value of low-dose thalidomide in combination with prednisone (THAL-PRED) for the treatment of both anemia and thrombocytopenia in MMM (Blood2003;101:2534), with response rates of 62% and 75% for each cytopenia respectively. Alkylators have long been shown to have palliative benefit in MMM, however are used judiciously as long-term use could increase likelihood of leukemic transformation. Additionally, oral cyclophosphamide has been shown to synergize with thalidomide and steroids in the treatment of myeloma (Garcia-Sanz et. al. Leukemia2004;18:856–863). In the current study, we investigated the value of adding oral cyclophosphamide to THAL-PRED for MMM (TPC). METHODS: Study eligibility criteria included a histologically confirmed diagnosis of MMM and either severe anemia (hemoglobin < 10 g/dL) or symptomatic splenomegaly. Protocol treatment was initiated with 50 mg of oral thalidomide (THAL) daily, oral cyclophosphamide (CTX) 25 mg daily for three months, and a three month prednisone taper starting at 0.5 mg/kg/day for the first month followed by a 50% reduction for the second months and a further 50% reduction for the third and final month of treatment with prednisone. Patients with a demonstrable clinical response after three months were able to remain on thalidomide alone as maintenance. Responses were assessed by the International Working Group for Myelofibrosis Research and Treatment (IWG-MRT) criteria for MMM clinical responses (Tefferi et. al. Blood 2006; epub May 2006). RESULTS: 13 patients were enrolled to the trial (median age 73 years, range, 46–80; 7 males). Six patients (46%) completed the planned three cycles (i.e. 12 weeks) of treatment, the remaining seven patients discontinued treatment early for the following reasons: progression (n=3), patient choice (n=2), other medical problem (n=1) and died on study (n=1). After the initial 3 months of treatment, 3/13 (23%) patients evidenced a response (n = 1) or stable disease (n = 2) and continued on an additional three months of THAL alone. At enrollment, nine patients (69%) were anemic (8 of whom (62%) were red cell transfusion dependent). Ten patients (77%) were at least moderately thrombocytopenic (platelet count < 100 x 109//L). Eight patients (62%) had palpable hepatomegaly/splenomegaly, and five patients (38%) had severe Constitutional Symptoms (night sweats). According to IWG-MRT criteria for MMM the best responses observed from therapy was a CI (clinical improvement) in 2 individuals (one each for anemia (1/9 patients (11%); and thrombocytopenia (1/10 patients (10%)). No clear responses in organomegaly or Constitutional Symptoms were observed. The regimen overall was well tolerated with toxicities in excess of grade 2 all being related to myelosuppression (anemia (n=2), neutropenia (n=2), and thrombocytopenia (n=3)). CONCLUSIONS: This phase II study of combination therapy with thalidomide-prednisone-cyclophosphamide in patients with MMM strongly suggests that the addition of the alkylator cyclophosphamide largely negates the clinical benefits of THAL-PRED. This observation supports the potential immunologic mechanism of THAL-PRED benefit in MMM, and cautions against potential combinations of immunological and cytotoxic therapy in this disorder.
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Phase II Study of the Combination of Low-Dose Thalidomide, Prednisone, and Etanercept (PET Regimen) in the Treatment of Anemia, Splenomegaly, and Constitutional Symptoms Associated with Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia (MMM).
Blood, 2005Co-Authors: Ruben A. Mesa, David P. Steensma, Animesh Pardanani, Mark R. Litzow, William J. Hogan, Susan M. Geyer, Jerome B. Zeldis, Ayalew TefferiAbstract:BACKGROUND: Disease manifestations in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) that require therapy include anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and Constitutional Symptoms. We have previously reported on the therapeutic value of low-dose thalidomide in combination with prednisone for the treatment of both anemia and thrombocytopenia in MMM (Blood2003;101:2534), and of etanercept (tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonist) for alleviation of Constitutional Symptoms (Blood2002;99(6):2252). In the current study, we investigated the value of combining all three drugs (PET). METHODS: Study eligibility criteria included a histologically confirmed diagnosis of MMM and either severe anemia (hemoglobin RESULTS: 15 patients were enrolled to the trial (median age 66 years, range, 54–77; 14 males). Twelve patients (80%) completed the planned three cycles (i.e. 3 months) of treatment (progression (n=2) and patient choice (n=1) accounted for the withdrawals), nine (60%) patients with evidence of response continued on an additional three months of THAL/ETAN alone (of which 3 progressed prior to study completion). At enrollment, 11 patients (73%) were anemic (7 (47%) were red cell transfusion dependent), 7 (47%) were at least moderately thrombocytopenic (platelet count 50% decrease in transfusion requirements)). All thrombocytopenic patients experienced an increase in platelet counts (median 55% increase (range(10–229) with 2 returning to the normal range (>150 x 109/L)). A greater than 50% decrease in organomegaly was documented in 3 patients with splenomegaly (25% of eligible), and 1 patient with hepatomegaly (25%). Constitutional Symptoms resolved, or signifcantly improved in all afflicted. Therapy overall was well tolerated with the majority of toxicities being transient. Neuropathy (grade 1; n=3; grade 2; n=1) and hyperglycemia (grade 2; n=1) were minimal. The only greater or equal to grade 3 toxicities were (grade 3: elevated bilirubin, infection, and blurred vision; grade 4: anemia). Follow-up bone marrow examination, when available, did not show post-treatment histological changes. CONCLUSIONS: This phase II study of combination therapy with thalidomide-prednisone-etanercept in patients with MMM confirms the previously recognized value of etanercept in alleviating Constitutional Symptoms. However, the PET regimen does not appear to be superior to thalidomide-prednisone combination in terms of therapeutic value for anemia, thrombocytopenia, or splenomegaly.
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Phase II Study of the Combination of Low-Dose Thalidomide, Prednisone, and Etanercept (“PET regimen”) in the Treatment of Anemia, Splenomegaly, and Constitutional Symptoms Associated with Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia (MMM).
Blood, 2004Co-Authors: Ruben A. Mesa, David P. Steensma, Antje Hoering, Heather Powell, Ayalew TefferiAbstract:Abstract BACKGROUND: Disease manifestations in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) that require therapy include anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and Constitutional Symptoms. We have previously reported on the therapeutic value of low-dose thalidomide in combination with prednisone for the treatment of both anemia and thrombocytopenia in MMM (Blood2003;101:2534) and of etanercept (tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonist) for alleviation of Constitutional Symptoms (Blood2002;99(6):2252). In the current study, we investigated the value of combining all three drugs (PET). METHODS: Study eligibility criteria included a histologically confirmed diagnosis of MMM and either severe anemia (hemoglobin < 10 g/dL) or symptomatic splenomegaly. Protocol treatment was initiated with 50 mg of oral thalidomide daily, etanercept 25 mg subcutaneously twice-a-week, and a three month prednisone taper starting at 0.5 mg/kg/day for the first month followed by a 50% reduction for the second months and a further 50% reduction for the third and final month of treatment with prednisone. Patients with a demonstrable clinical response after three months were able to remain on thalidomide and etanercept. RESULTS: To date 12 patients have been enrolled to the trial (median age 67 years, range, 54–77; 11 males). At enrollment, all patients were severely anemic (6 were red cell transfusion dependent), 6 were at least moderately thrombocytopenic (platelet count < 100 x 109//L), and 4 had severe Constitutional Symptoms. The responses to date included resolution of Constitutional Symptoms in all 4 pertinent patients, a 12–326% improvement in thrombocytopenia in 4 of 6 pertinent patients, and anemia response in 4 patients including one patient who became red cell transfusion independent. A more than 50% decrease in splenomegaly was documented in 3 patients. Only one patient experienced greater or equal to grade 3 toxicity (i.e. elevated bilirubin and infection). Follow-up bone marrow examination, when available, did not show post-treatment histological changes. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary findings from the current ongoing phase II study of combination therapy with thalidomide-prednisone-etanercept in patients with MMM confirms the previously recognized value of etanercept in alleviating Constitutional Symptoms. However, at least preliminarily the PET regimen does not appear to be superior to thalidomide-prednisone combination in terms of therapeutic value for anemia, thrombocytopenia, or splenomegaly.
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Etanercept, a soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor, palliates Constitutional Symptoms in patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia: results of a pilot study
Blood, 2002Co-Authors: David P. Steensma, Ruben A. Mesa, Leigh A. Gray, Ayalew TefferiAbstract:Patients with myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) often experience debilitating Constitutional Symptoms such as drenching night sweats, profound fatigue, unexplained fevers, and unintentional weight loss. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) contributes to organ fibrosis and hypercatabolic Symptoms in a variety of disease states. We conducted an open-label pilot study of etanercept, a soluble TNF receptor, administered at a dose of 25 mg subcutaneously twice weekly for up to 24 weeks in 22 patients with MMM. Of 20 evaluable patients, 12 (60%) experienced an improvement in Constitutional Symptoms, and 4 (20%) had an objective response (improvement in peripheral cytopenias or spleen size). The degree of marrow fibrosis was unchanged, and only minor changes in overall marrow cellularity were observed. Toxicity was mild, with injection site reactions (20%) and minor infections (10%) as the most common side effects. One patient developed reversible pancytopenia. Etanercept may be useful for palliation of Constitutional Symptoms in MMM.