The Experts below are selected from a list of 90 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Joseph Piven - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Trajectories of early brain volume development in fragile X syndrome and autism.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2012Co-Authors: Heather Cody Hazlett, Allan L. Reiss, Michele D. Poe, Amy A. Lightbody, Martin Styner, James R. Macfall, Joseph PivenAbstract:Objective To examine patterns of early brain growth in young children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) compared with a comparison group (controls) and a group with idiopathic autism. Method The study included 53 boys 18 to 42 months of age with FXS, 68 boys with idiopathic autism (autism spectrum disorder), and a comparison group of 50 typically developing and developmentally delayed controls. Structural brain volumes were examined using magnetic resonance imaging across two time points, at 2 to 3 and again at 4 to 5 years of age, and total brain volumes and regional (lobar) tissue volumes were examined. In addition, a selected group of subCortical structures implicated in the behavioral features of FXS (e.g., basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala) was studied. Results Children with FXS had larger global brain volumes compared with controls but were not different than children with idiopathic autism, and the rate of brain growth from 2 to 5 years of age paralleled that seen in controls. In contrast to children with idiopathic autism who had generalized Cortical Lobe enlargement, children with FXS showed specific enlargement in the temporal Lobe white matter, cerebellar gray matter, and caudate nucleus, but a significantly smaller amygdala. Conclusions This structural longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of preschoolers with FXS observed generalized brain overgrowth in children with FXS compared with controls, evident at age 2 and maintained across ages 4 to 5. In addition, different patterns of brain growth that distinguished boys with FXS from boys with idiopathic autism were found.
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Cortical Gray and White Brain Tissue Volume in Adolescents and Adults with Autism
Biological psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Heather Cody Hazlett, Michele D. Poe, Guido Gerig, Rachel Gimpel Smith, Joseph PivenAbstract:Background A number of studies have found brain enlargement in autism, but there is disagreement as to whether this enlargement is limited to early development or continues into adulthood. In this study, Cortical gray and white tissue volumes were examined in a sample of adolescents and adults with autism who had demonstrated total brain enlargement in a previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. Methods An automated tissue segmentation program was applied to structural MRI scans to obtain volumes of gray, white, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tissue on a sample of adolescent and adult males ages 13-29 with autism (n = 23) and controls (n = 15). Regional differences for brain Lobes and brain hemispheres were also examined. Results Significant enlargement in gray matter volume was found for the individuals with autism, with a disproportionate increase in left-sided gray matter volume. Lobe volume enlargements were detected for frontal and temporal, but not parietal or occipital Lobes, in the subjects with autism. Age and nonverbal IQ effects on tissue volume were also observed. Conclusions These findings give evidence for left-lateralized gray tissue enlargement in adolescents and adults with autism, and demonstrate a regional pattern of Cortical Lobe volumes underlying this effect.
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Regional Brain Enlargement in Autism: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1996Co-Authors: Joseph Piven, Stephan Arndt, James Bailey, Nancy C. AndreasenAbstract:ABSTRACT Objective To determine whether increased brain volume in autism, suggested in previous studies, is the result of general or regional brain size differences and to study the effect of gender on brain size and pattern of enlargement. Method Total brain volume and cerebral Cortical Lobe volumes were examined in 35 autistic and 36 comparison subjects using magnetic resonance imaging and an automated method of brain volume measurement. Results: After controlling for height and nonverbal IQ, the authors detected a significant diagnosis x gender effect ( F = 7.4; p = .009) for total brain volume. A repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated that the pattern of enlargement (brain region x diagnosis) in autistic subjects differed from that in controls ( F = 4.88; p = .0004). Subsequent sex-specific analysis revealed significantly increased total brain volume in autistic males but not females. Analysis of Lobe sizes showed significant enlargement in autistic subjects in temporal, parietal, and occipital, but not frontal Lobes. Conclusions These results suggest that brain size is increased in autism and that differences are not generalized but appear to be the result of a pattern of enlargement with increases in the size of specific Cortical Lobes.
James L Kennedy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein Gene and Brain Morphometry in Schizophrenia
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2012Co-Authors: Daniel Felsky, Arash Nazeri, Sajid A. Shaikh, Tarek K. Rajji, Jason P. Lerch, Benoit H. Mulsant, Aristotle N Voineskos, James L KennedyAbstract:Myelin and oligodendrocyte disruption may be a core feature of schizophrenia pathophysiology. The purpose of the present study was to localize the effects of previously identified risk variants in the myelin associated glycoprotein gene on brain morphometry in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. 45 schizophrenia patients and 47 matched healthy controls underwent clinical, structural magnetic resonance imaging, and genetics procedures. Gray and white matter Cortical Lobe volumes along with subCortical structure volumes were calculated from T1-weighted MRI scans. Each subject was also genotyped for the two disease-associated MAG single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs720308 and rs720309). Repeated measures general linear model analysis found significant region by genotype and region by diagnosis interactions for the effects of MAG risk variants on lobar gray matter volumes. No significant associations were found with lobar white matter volumes or subCortical structure volumes. Follow-up univariate general linear models found the AA genotype of rs720308 predisposed schizophrenia patients to left temporal and parietal gray matter volume deficits. These results suggest that the effects of the MAG gene on Cortical gray matter volume in schizophrenia patients can be localized to temporal and parietal cortices. Our results support a role for MAG gene variation in brain morphometry in schizophrenia, align with other lines of evidence implicating MAG in schizophrenia, and provide genetically-based insight into the heterogeneity of brain imaging findings in this disorder.
Heather Cody Hazlett - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Trajectories of early brain volume development in fragile X syndrome and autism.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2012Co-Authors: Heather Cody Hazlett, Allan L. Reiss, Michele D. Poe, Amy A. Lightbody, Martin Styner, James R. Macfall, Joseph PivenAbstract:Objective To examine patterns of early brain growth in young children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) compared with a comparison group (controls) and a group with idiopathic autism. Method The study included 53 boys 18 to 42 months of age with FXS, 68 boys with idiopathic autism (autism spectrum disorder), and a comparison group of 50 typically developing and developmentally delayed controls. Structural brain volumes were examined using magnetic resonance imaging across two time points, at 2 to 3 and again at 4 to 5 years of age, and total brain volumes and regional (lobar) tissue volumes were examined. In addition, a selected group of subCortical structures implicated in the behavioral features of FXS (e.g., basal ganglia, hippocampus, amygdala) was studied. Results Children with FXS had larger global brain volumes compared with controls but were not different than children with idiopathic autism, and the rate of brain growth from 2 to 5 years of age paralleled that seen in controls. In contrast to children with idiopathic autism who had generalized Cortical Lobe enlargement, children with FXS showed specific enlargement in the temporal Lobe white matter, cerebellar gray matter, and caudate nucleus, but a significantly smaller amygdala. Conclusions This structural longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of preschoolers with FXS observed generalized brain overgrowth in children with FXS compared with controls, evident at age 2 and maintained across ages 4 to 5. In addition, different patterns of brain growth that distinguished boys with FXS from boys with idiopathic autism were found.
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Cortical Gray and White Brain Tissue Volume in Adolescents and Adults with Autism
Biological psychiatry, 2005Co-Authors: Heather Cody Hazlett, Michele D. Poe, Guido Gerig, Rachel Gimpel Smith, Joseph PivenAbstract:Background A number of studies have found brain enlargement in autism, but there is disagreement as to whether this enlargement is limited to early development or continues into adulthood. In this study, Cortical gray and white tissue volumes were examined in a sample of adolescents and adults with autism who had demonstrated total brain enlargement in a previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. Methods An automated tissue segmentation program was applied to structural MRI scans to obtain volumes of gray, white, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tissue on a sample of adolescent and adult males ages 13-29 with autism (n = 23) and controls (n = 15). Regional differences for brain Lobes and brain hemispheres were also examined. Results Significant enlargement in gray matter volume was found for the individuals with autism, with a disproportionate increase in left-sided gray matter volume. Lobe volume enlargements were detected for frontal and temporal, but not parietal or occipital Lobes, in the subjects with autism. Age and nonverbal IQ effects on tissue volume were also observed. Conclusions These findings give evidence for left-lateralized gray tissue enlargement in adolescents and adults with autism, and demonstrate a regional pattern of Cortical Lobe volumes underlying this effect.
Sridevi V. Sarma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluating Invasive EEG Implantations in Medically Refractory Epilepsy with Functional Scalp EEG Recordings and Structural Imaging Data
2019Co-Authors: Anil K. Palepu, Zachary Fitzgerald, Julia Costacurta, Juan Bulacio, Jorge Martinez-gonzalez, Sridevi V. SarmaAbstract:Abstract Seizures in patients with medically refractory epilepsy (MRE) epilepsy cannot be controlled with drugs. For focal MRE, seizures originate in the epileptogenic zone (EZ), which is the minimum amount of cortex that must be treated to be seizure free. Localizing the EZ is often a laborious process wherein clinicians first inspect scalp EEG recordings during several seizure events, and then formulate an implantation plan for subsequent invasive monitoring. The goal of implantation is to place electrodes into the brain region covering the EZ. Then, during invasive monitoring, clinicians visually inspect intracranial EEG recordings to more precisely localize the EZ. The EZ is then surgically removed. Unfortunately surgical success rates average at 50%. Such grim outcomes call for analytical assistance in creating more accurate implantation plans from scalp EEG. In this paper, we introduce a method that combines imaging data (CT and MRI scans) with scalp EEG to derive an implantation distribution. Specifically, scalp EEG data recorded over a seizure event is converted into a time-gamma frequency map, which is then processed to derive a spectrally annotated implantation distribution (SAID). The SAID represents a distribution of gamma power in each of the eight Cortical Lobe/hemisphere partitions. We applied this method to 4 MRE patients who underwent treatment, and found that the SAID distribution overlapped more with clinical implantations in success cases than in failed cases. These preliminary findings suggest that the SAID may help in improving EZ localization accuracy and surgical outcomes.
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EMBC - Evaluating Invasive EEG Implantations with Structural Imaging Data and Functional Scalp EEG Recordings from Epilepsy Patients
Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Inte, 2019Co-Authors: Anil K. Palepu, Zachary Fitzgerald, Julia Costacurta, Juan Bulacio, Jorge Martinez-gonzalez, Sridevi V. SarmaAbstract:Seizures in patients with medically refractory epilepsy (MRE) cannot be controlled with drugs. For focal MRE, seizures originate in the epileptogenic zone (EZ), which is the minimum amount of cortex that must be treated to be seizure free. Localizing the EZ is often a laborious process wherein clinicians first inspect scalp EEG recordings during several seizure events, and then formulate an implantation plan for subsequent invasive monitoring. The goal of implantation is to place electrodes into the brain region covering the EZ. Then, during invasive monitoring, clinicians visually inspect intracranial EEG recordings to more precisely localize the EZ. Finally, the EZ is then surgically ablated, removed or treated with electrical stimulation. Unfortunately success rates average at 50%. Such grim outcomes call for analytical assistance in creating more accurate implantation plans from scalp EEG. In this paper, we introduce a method that combines imaging data (CT and MRI scans) with scalp EEG to derive an implantation distribution. Specifically, scalp EEG data recorded over a seizure event is converted into a time-gamma frequency map, which is then processed to derive a spectrally annotated implantation distribution (SAID). The SAID represents a distribution of gamma power in each of eight Cortical Lobe/hemisphere partitions. We applied this method to 4 MRE patients who underwent treatment, and found that the SAID distribution overlapped more with clinical implantations in success cases than in failed cases. These preliminary findings suggest that the SAID may help in improving EZ localization accuracy and surgical outcomes.
Thea J. Heeren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Association of Depression Duration With Reduction of Global Cerebral Gray Matter Volume in Female Patients With Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder
The American journal of psychiatry, 2003Co-Authors: Indrag K. Lampe, Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol, Joost Janssen, Hugo G. Schnack, René S. Kahn, Thea J. HeerenAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the relationship between depression duration and cerebral gray matter volume in female patients with recurrent major depressive disorder. METHOD: Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure intracranial and total brain volumes as well as gray matter and white matter volumes of the cerebrum; frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital Lobes; cerebellum; and the lateral and third ventricles in 23 female patients with DSM-IV major depression. RESULTS: Correlation and regression analyses showed a significant relationship between total illness duration and cerebral gray matter (including Cortical Lobe) volume after correction for intracranial volume and age. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive states may lead to changes in global cerebral gray matter volume.
