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F Soriano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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complete genome sequence of Corynebacterium urealyticum strain dsm 7111 isolated from a 9 year old patient with alkaline encrusted cystitis
Genome Announcements, 2013Co-Authors: F Soriano, Luis C Guimaraes, Siomar De Castro Soares, Andreas Albersmeier, Jochen Blom, Sebastian Jaenicke, Vasco Azevedo, Andreas TauchAbstract:Corynebacterium urealyticum is a common skin colonizer with potent urease activity. It is clinically recognized as an opportunistic pathogen causing urinary tract infections. The annotated genome sequence of strain DSM 7111, isolated from the urine of a young boy with an ectopic kidney, provides new insights into the pathomechanisms of this bacterium.
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Corynebacterium urealyticum de la clinica a la secuenciacion completa del genoma
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiologia Clinica, 2009Co-Authors: F SorianoAbstract:Hace cerca de 25 anos que, estimulados por el servicio de urologia de nuestro hospital, pusimos especial interes en la busqueda de un posible microorganismo responsable de una patologia urologica especialmente compleja. Se trataba de la cistitis incrustante, una entidad descrita en el ano 1914, asociada a infeccion por organismos urealiticos pero que varias decadas mas tarde se demostro que, en un buen numero de casos, no se detectaba microorganismo responsable alguno. Un paciente estudio clinico y microbiologico de casos condujo a la demostracion de una rara bacteria vagamente conocida como corineforme grupo D2 del Center for Disease Control. Entre los anos 1985 y 1992 nuestro grupo, en colaboracion con otros investigadores, demostro la etiologia de un buen numero de cistitis incrustantes, asi como de otras patologias como pielitis, sepsis y otras infecciones. En el ano 1992 demostramos que el agente responsable era una nueva especie del genero Corynebacterium, para el que se propuso (y acepto por el comite de taxonomia internacional) el nombre de Corynebacterium urealyticum. Investigaciones realizadas en nuestro departamento en esos 7 anos permitieron conocer la fisiopatologia de la infeccion, la formacion de calculos, la epidemiologia, la susceptibilidad a antibioticos asi como las alternativas terapeuticas, a traves de estudios clinicos y experimentales, para procesos de dificil tratamiento. La historia de esos fascinantes anos de fecunda investigacion se recogio en una publicacion que se realizo en homenaje al Dr. Cifuentes Delatte, uno de los urologos que mas nos estimulo en dicha investigacion. A partir de nuestras primeras publicaciones muchos autores han confirmado y enriquecido nuestros conocimientos acerca de este microorganismo y la patologia asociada. Entre las numerosas aportaciones realizadas hay que destacar las contribuciones de muchos colegas espanoles, tanto en el campo de la taxonomia como de la patologia. Se han descrito infecciones por C. urealyticum en numerosos paises europeos: Alemania, Belgica, Francia, Grecia, Paises Bajos, Italia, Reino Unido, Suiza y otros. En el resto de continentes tambien se han descrito infecciones: Argentina, Estados Unidos, Marruecos, Sudafrica, Tunez y otros. Al mismo tiempo que se avanzaba en el conocimiento de la identidad del microorganismo
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in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin moxifloxacin vancomycin and erythromycin against planktonic and biofilm forms of Corynebacterium urealyticum
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2008Co-Authors: F Soriano, Lorena Huelves, Plinio Lazaro Faleiro Naves, Violeta Rodriguezcerrato, Gema Del Prado, Vicente Ruiz, Carmen PonteAbstract:Results: The three strains tested consistently produced biofilms. Planktonic organisms was susceptible to ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and vancomycin, and their MBC values were two to eight times higher than their corresponding MICs. Bactericidal effect on biofilm-associated organisms required very high antibiotic concentrations; the minimum biofilm bactericidal concentrations for ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin and vancomycin ranged from 128 to � 1024 times their respective MBCs for planktonic organisms. Erythromycin was not bactericidal against either planktonic or biofilm-associated organisms for the single susceptible strain tested. Persister biofilm-associated organisms exposed to erythromycin increased their MIC by a factor >8000, but no changes in susceptibility were observed with the other compounds. Conclusions: This work demonstrates that C. urealyticum produces biofilms on polystyrene plates and biofilm-associated organisms are much less susceptible to the bactericidal effect of the antibiotics; and the exposure of C. urealyticum to erythromycin may favour resistance selection. Overall, these results may explain the difficulties for bacterial eradication in chronic infections caused by C. urealyticum.
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microbiological and clinical features of Corynebacterium urealyticum urinary tract stones and genomics as the rosetta stone
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2008Co-Authors: F Soriano, Andreas TauchAbstract:Corynebacterium urealyticum, formerly known as coryneform CDC group D2, was first recognized to be involved in human infections 30 years ago. It is a slow-growing, lipophilic, asaccharolytic and usually multidrug-resistant organism with potent urease activity. Its cell wall peptidoglycan, menaquinone, mycolic and cellular fatty acid composition is consistent with that of the genus Corynebacterium. DNA-DNA hybridization studies and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis have been used to determine the degree of relatedness of C. urealyticum to other corynebacterial species. The genome of the type strain consists of a circular chromosome with a size of 2 369 219 bp and a mean G + C content of 64.2%, and analysis of its genome explains the bacterium's lifestyle. C. urealyticum is a common skin colonizer of hospitalized elderly individuals who are receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics. It is an opportunistic pathogen causing mainly acute cystitis, pyelonephritis, encrusted cystitis, and encrusted pyelitis. More infrequently, it causes other infections, but mainly in patients with urological diseases. Infections are more common in males than in females, and treatment requires administration of antibiotics active against the organism in vitro, mainly glycopeptides, as well as surgical intervention, the latter mostly in cases of chronic infection. Mortality directly associated with infection by this organism is not frequent, but encrusted pyelitis in kidney-recipient patients may cause graft loss. The outcome of infection by this organism is reasonably good if the microbiological diagnosis is made and patients are treated appropriately.
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evaluation of a new selective medium for the isolation of Corynebacterium urealyticum
Journal of Medical Microbiology, 1998Co-Authors: J. Zapardiel, E. Nieto, F SorianoAbstract:A new selective medium (CBU agar) was compared with blood agar (BA) medium for primary isolation of Corynebacterium urealyticum from urine and skin samples of hospitalised patients. Overall, the CBU agar detected C. urealyticum in 14 (4.6%) of 302 urine samples and the BA medium detected the organism in four (1.3%), but most cultures which were positive only on CBU agar had < 10(4) cfu/ml. Six strains of C. urealyticum were isolated from 60 skin samples with CBU agar, whereas none was detected with BA. Although most skin samples had heavy inocula, the selective agar facilitated the recognition of low colony counts (< or = 10 cfu/plate) of C. urealyticum by reducing the growth of competing flora. Challenge of the selective medium with reference and clinical strains showed that CBU agar was inhibitory for gram-negative bacteria and reduced the gram-positive flora, allowing the growth of C. urealyticum strains. The new selective medium appears to be a useful epidemiological tool to study urinary and skin colonisation by C. urealyticum.
Francisco Soriano - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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In Vitro Susceptibilities of Aerobic and Facultative Non-Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli to HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and 14 Other Antimicrobials
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 1998Co-Authors: Francisco Soriano, Ricardo Fernández-roblas, R. Calvo, Gloria García-calvoAbstract:The comparative in vitro activity of the ketolide HMR 3647 (RU 66647) and those of structurally related macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin compounds (erythromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, josamycin, lincomycin, pristinamycin, and quinupristin-dalfopristin) as well as those of benzylpenicillin, doxycycline, vancomycin, teicoplanin, levofloxacin, and rifapentine against 247 aerobic and facultative non-spore-forming gram-positive bacilli were determined by an agar dilution method. The ketolide was active against most organisms tested except Corynebacterium striatum, coryneform CDC group 12, and Oerskovia spp. The frequency of resistance to erythromycin and other macrolides as well as that to lincomycin was high. Pristinamycin and, to a lesser extent, quinupristin-dalfopristin were very active, but resistance to these agents was present in some strains of Rhodococcus equi, Listeria spp., C. striatum, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and Oerskovia spp. HMR 3647 was very active against all erythromycin-sensitive and many erythromycin-nonsusceptible strains, especially Corynebacterium minutissimum, Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, Corynebacterium amycolatum, and Corynebacterium jeikeium. In vitro resistance to benzylpenicillin was common, but doxycycline, vancomycin, and teicoplanin were very active against most organisms tested except E. rhusiopathiae, against which glycopeptide antibiotics were not active. The in vitro activity of levofloxacin was remarkable, but resistance to this agent was common for C. amycolatum, Corynebacterium urealyticum, C. jeikeium, and Oerskovia spp. strains. Rifapentine was also very active in vitro against many organisms, but resistance to this agent was always present in E. rhusiopathiae and was very common in C. striatum and C. urealyticum.
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Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Corynebacterium species and other non-spore-forming gram-positive bacilli to 18 antimicrobial agents.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1995Co-Authors: Francisco Soriano, J. Zapardiel, E. NietoAbstract:The susceptibilities of 265 strains of Corynebacterium species and other non-spore-forming gram-positive bacilli to 18 antimicrobial agents were tested. Most strains were susceptible to vancomycin, doxycycline, and fusidic acid. Corynebacterium jeikeium and Corynebacterium urealyticum were the most resistant organisms tested. Resistance to beta-lactams, clindamycin, erythromycin, azythromycin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin was common among strains of Corynebacterium xerosis and Corynebacterium minutissimum. Ampicillin resistance among Listeria monocytogenes was more prevalent than previously reported. Optochin, fosfomycin, and nitrofurantoin showed very little activity against most organisms tested, but the use of nitrofurantoin as a selective agent in culture medium may prevent the recovery of some isolates. Except for the unvarying activity of vancomycin against Corynebacterium species, the antimicrobial susceptibilities of the latter to other antibiotics are usually unpredictable, such that susceptibility tests are necessary for selecting the best antimicrobial treatment.
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adherence of Corynebacterium urealyticum cdc group d2 and Corynebacterium jeikeium to intravascular and urinary catheters
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 1993Co-Authors: Francisco Soriano, Carmen Ponte, M. J. GalianoAbstract:The ability ofCorynebacterium urealyticum, Corynebacterium jeikeium and other control strains to adhere to two intravascular catheters (polyvinyl chloride and Teflon) and one urinary catheter (Teflon-coated rubber) was studied. Results demonstrated that theCorynebacterium species adhered to all catheter materials in greater numbers than a control strain ofMicrococcus luteus (p<0.001). There was not a clear difference in the ability of the strains ofCorynebacterium jeikeium andCorynebacterium urealyticum to adhere to the catheters tested, so that differences other than this property could explain their different pathogenicity for humans.
E. Nieto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biochemical, antimicrobial susceptibility and genotyping studies on Corynebacterium urealyticum isolates from diverse sources
Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2000Co-Authors: E. Nieto, A. Vindel, P. L. Valero-guillen, Juan Antonio Sáez-nieto, Francesco SorianoAbstract:Thirty-two isolates of Corynebacterium urealyticum, isolated between 1991 and 1995, were studied by biochemical tests, phospholipid content, analysis of fatty and mycolic acids, ribotyping, whole-cell protein patterns and antimicrobial susceptibility to six antibiotics. Nineteen isolates were from human and human-related sources (HHRS); the remainder were from animal and animal-related sources (AARS). Most C. urealyticum isolates were similar in their biochemical and whole-cell protein profiles, although most HHRS isolates were alkaline phosphatase-positive (84%) and produced almost identical protein patterns, whereas AARS isolates were quite diverse. The qualitative composition of cellular fatty acids was identical for all isolates examined. Twelve different ribotypes were obtained with HindIII producing four-to-seven bands. Ribotypes 8, 9 and 10 were predominant in isolates from HHRS, whereas in isolates from AARS, ribotypes 5 and 6 predominated. AARS isolates were significantly less antibiotic-resistant, in comparison with HHRS isolates. Ribotyping appeared to be the most useful tool for strain characterisation.
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evaluation of a new selective medium for the isolation of Corynebacterium urealyticum
Journal of Medical Microbiology, 1998Co-Authors: J. Zapardiel, E. Nieto, F SorianoAbstract:A new selective medium (CBU agar) was compared with blood agar (BA) medium for primary isolation of Corynebacterium urealyticum from urine and skin samples of hospitalised patients. Overall, the CBU agar detected C. urealyticum in 14 (4.6%) of 302 urine samples and the BA medium detected the organism in four (1.3%), but most cultures which were positive only on CBU agar had < 10(4) cfu/ml. Six strains of C. urealyticum were isolated from 60 skin samples with CBU agar, whereas none was detected with BA. Although most skin samples had heavy inocula, the selective agar facilitated the recognition of low colony counts (< or = 10 cfu/plate) of C. urealyticum by reducing the growth of competing flora. Challenge of the selective medium with reference and clinical strains showed that CBU agar was inhibitory for gram-negative bacteria and reduced the gram-positive flora, allowing the growth of C. urealyticum strains. The new selective medium appears to be a useful epidemiological tool to study urinary and skin colonisation by C. urealyticum.
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Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Corynebacterium species and other non-spore-forming gram-positive bacilli to 18 antimicrobial agents.
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1995Co-Authors: Francisco Soriano, J. Zapardiel, E. NietoAbstract:The susceptibilities of 265 strains of Corynebacterium species and other non-spore-forming gram-positive bacilli to 18 antimicrobial agents were tested. Most strains were susceptible to vancomycin, doxycycline, and fusidic acid. Corynebacterium jeikeium and Corynebacterium urealyticum were the most resistant organisms tested. Resistance to beta-lactams, clindamycin, erythromycin, azythromycin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin was common among strains of Corynebacterium xerosis and Corynebacterium minutissimum. Ampicillin resistance among Listeria monocytogenes was more prevalent than previously reported. Optochin, fosfomycin, and nitrofurantoin showed very little activity against most organisms tested, but the use of nitrofurantoin as a selective agent in culture medium may prevent the recovery of some isolates. Except for the unvarying activity of vancomycin against Corynebacterium species, the antimicrobial susceptibilities of the latter to other antibiotics are usually unpredictable, such that susceptibility tests are necessary for selecting the best antimicrobial treatment.
J A Garciarodriguez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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in vitro activity of psychiatric drugs against Corynebacterium urealyticum Corynebacterium group d2
Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 1996Co-Authors: Juan Luis Munozbellido, S Munozcriado, J A GarciarodriguezAbstract:We tested the in-vitro activity of amoxycillin, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, clindamycin and five psychiatric drugs (chlorpromazine, sertraline, fluoxetine, paroxetine and risperidone) against 32 strains of Corynebacterium urealyticum. Resistance rates exceeded 90% for all antibiotics except glycopeptides, quinolones and tetracycline. Sertraline was the most active psychiatric drug. We tested the influence of sertraline on the activity of amoxycillin, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. We did not observe antagonism in any case. Sertraline enhanced the activity of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline against all strains (MIC decrease : 4-64-fold for ciprofloxacin, 2-32-fold for tetracycline).
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incidence and characteristics of urinary tract infections caused by Corynebacterium urealyticum Corynebacterium group d2
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 1994Co-Authors: T Nebredamayoral, Juan Luis Munozbellido, J A GarciarodriguezAbstract:The incidence and characteristics of urinary tract infections caused byCorynebacterium urealyticum were studied prospectively in 20,766 urine samples.Corynebacterium urealyticum was isolated from 67 samples (0.32 %). Twenty-four percent of the patients from whomCorynebacterium urealyticum was isolated showed mild symptoms and had no risk factors other than prolonged hospitalization and previous antibiotic treatment. Sixty percent of the patients had urinary tract-related symptoms. The main risk factors were underlying urinary tract disease, antibiotic treatment, prolonged hospitalization and urological manipulation. Patients with antimicrobial treatment had a favourable clinical course, with the exception of two patients with encrusted cystitis.
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development of a selective differential medium for the isolation of Corynebacterium urealyticum group d 2
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y Microbiologia Clinica, 1994Co-Authors: J L Munoz, T Nebreda, J A GarciarodriguezAbstract:BACKGROUND We have developed a new selective culture medium for the isolation of C. urealyticum, with the aim of improving and making easier the isolation and identification of this microorganism. MATERIAL AND METHODS The medium is based on components similar to other media, usually used for diagnosis of urinary tract infections, also containing glucose, urea, phenol red, polysorbate 80 (Tween 80), polymixin B, amphotericin B, nalidixic acid and lyncomycin. The medium was tested in 65 clinical isolates and three type strains, and in 533 clinical samples of urine. RESULTS All 65 clinical strains and 3 reference strains of C. urealyticum tested grew faster on this medium than on blood agar. E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., M. morganii, Proteus spp., S. aureus, Enterococcus spp. and Corynebacterium spp. did not grow in the selective agar. S. epidermidis and Streptococcus spp. grew in less than 10% of cases, P. aeruginosa in 29.2% and Serratia spp. in 41.7%. The colonies were always easily differentiated from C. urealyticum. In the studies performed on 553 clinical samples from patients with urinary tract infections, six infections by C. urealyticum were detected. The growth of all strains being faster on this medium than on blood-agar. CONCLUSIONS This new selective medium may be a valuable tool for diagnosis of UTIs caused by C. urealyticum in patients with retard risk factors.
Andreas Tauch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Identification and characterization of smallest pore-forming protein in the cell wall of pathogenic Corynebacterium urealyticum DSM 7109
BMC Biochemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Narges Abdali, Andreas Tauch, Farhan Younas, Samaneh Mafakheri, Karunakar R. Pothula, Ulrich Kleinekathöfer, Roland BenzAbstract:Background Corynebacterium urealyticum , a pathogenic, multidrug resistant member of the mycolata, is known as causative agent of urinary tract infections although it is a bacterium of the skin flora. This pathogenic bacterium shares with the mycolata the property of having an unusual cell envelope composition and architecture, typical for the genus Corynebacterium . The cell wall of members of the mycolata contains channel-forming proteins for the uptake of solutes. Results In this study, we provide novel information on the identification and characterization of a pore-forming protein in the cell wall of C. urealyticum DSM 7109. Detergent extracts of whole C. urealyticum cultures formed in lipid bilayer membranes slightly cation-selective pores with a single-channel conductance of 1.75 nS in 1 M KCl. Experiments with different salts and non-electrolytes suggested that the cell wall pore of C. urealyticum is wide and water-filled and has a diameter of about 1.8 nm. Molecular modelling and dynamics has been performed to obtain a model of the pore. For the search of the gene coding for the cell wall pore of C. urealyticum we looked in the known genome of C. urealyticum for a similar chromosomal localization of the porin gene to known porH and porA genes of other Corynebacterium strains. Three genes are located between the genes coding for GroEL2 and polyphosphate kinase (PKK2). Two of the genes ( cur_1714 and cur_1715 ) were expressed in different constructs in C. glutamicum Δ porA Δ porH and in porin-deficient BL21 DE3 Omp8 E. coli strains. The results suggested that the gene cur_1714 codes alone for the cell wall channel. The cell wall porin of C. urealyticum termed PorACur was purified to homogeneity using different biochemical methods and had an apparent molecular mass of about 4 kDa on tricine-containing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Conclusions Biophysical characterization of the purified protein (PorACur) suggested indeed that cur_1714 is the gene coding for the pore-forming protein in C. urealyticum because the protein formed in lipid bilayer experiments the same pores as the detergent extract of whole cells. The study is the first report of a cell wall channel in the pathogenic C. urealyticum .
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identification and characterization of smallest pore forming protein in the cell wall of pathogenic Corynebacterium urealyticum dsm 7109
BMC Biochemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Andreas Tauch, Narges Abdali, Farhan Younas, Samaneh Mafakheri, Karunakar R. Pothula, Ulrich Kleinekathöfer, Roland BenzAbstract:Corynebacterium urealyticum, a pathogenic, multidrug resistant member of the mycolata, is known as causative agent of urinary tract infections although it is a bacterium of the skin flora. This pathogenic bacterium shares with the mycolata the property of having an unusual cell envelope composition and architecture, typical for the genus Corynebacterium. The cell wall of members of the mycolata contains channel-forming proteins for the uptake of solutes. In this study, we provide novel information on the identification and characterization of a pore-forming protein in the cell wall of C. urealyticum DSM 7109. Detergent extracts of whole C. urealyticum cultures formed in lipid bilayer membranes slightly cation-selective pores with a single-channel conductance of 1.75 nS in 1 M KCl. Experiments with different salts and non-electrolytes suggested that the cell wall pore of C. urealyticum is wide and water-filled and has a diameter of about 1.8 nm. Molecular modelling and dynamics has been performed to obtain a model of the pore. For the search of the gene coding for the cell wall pore of C. urealyticum we looked in the known genome of C. urealyticum for a similar chromosomal localization of the porin gene to known porH and porA genes of other Corynebacterium strains. Three genes are located between the genes coding for GroEL2 and polyphosphate kinase (PKK2). Two of the genes (cur_1714 and cur_1715) were expressed in different constructs in C. glutamicum ΔporAΔporH and in porin-deficient BL21 DE3 Omp8 E. coli strains. The results suggested that the gene cur_1714 codes alone for the cell wall channel. The cell wall porin of C. urealyticum termed PorACur was purified to homogeneity using different biochemical methods and had an apparent molecular mass of about 4 kDa on tricine-containing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Biophysical characterization of the purified protein (PorACur) suggested indeed that cur_1714 is the gene coding for the pore-forming protein in C. urealyticum because the protein formed in lipid bilayer experiments the same pores as the detergent extract of whole cells. The study is the first report of a cell wall channel in the pathogenic C. urealyticum.
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complete genome sequence of Corynebacterium urealyticum strain dsm 7111 isolated from a 9 year old patient with alkaline encrusted cystitis
Genome Announcements, 2013Co-Authors: F Soriano, Luis C Guimaraes, Siomar De Castro Soares, Andreas Albersmeier, Jochen Blom, Sebastian Jaenicke, Vasco Azevedo, Andreas TauchAbstract:Corynebacterium urealyticum is a common skin colonizer with potent urease activity. It is clinically recognized as an opportunistic pathogen causing urinary tract infections. The annotated genome sequence of strain DSM 7111, isolated from the urine of a young boy with an ectopic kidney, provides new insights into the pathomechanisms of this bacterium.
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the lifestyle of Corynebacterium urealyticum derived from its complete genome sequence established by pyrosequencing
Journal of Biotechnology, 2008Co-Authors: Andreas Tauch, Eva Trost, Alexandra Tilker, Ulrike Ludewig, Susanne Schneiker, Alexander Goesmann, Walter Arnold, Thomas Bekel, Karina Brinkrolf, Iris BruneAbstract:Abstract Corynebacterium urealyticum is a lipid-requiring, urealytic bacterium of the human skin flora that has been recognized as causative agent of urinary tract infections. We report the analysis of the complete genome sequence of C. urealyticum DSM7109, which was initially recovered from a patient with alkaline-encrusted cystitis. The genome sequence was determined by a combination of pyrosequencing and Sanger technology. The chromosome of C. urealyticum DSM7109 has a size of 2,369,219 bp and contains 2024 predicted coding sequences, of which 78% were considered as orthologous with genes in the Corynebacterium jeikeium K411 genome. Metabolic analysis of the lipid-requiring phenotype revealed the absence of a fatty acid synthase gene and the presence of a β-oxidation pathway along with a large repertoire of auxillary genes for the degradation of exogenous fatty acids. A urease locus with the gene order ureABCEFGD may play a pivotal role in virulence of C. urealyticum by the alkalinization of human urine and the formation of struvite stones. Multidrug resistance of C. urealyticum DSM7109 is mediated by transposable elements, conferring resistances to macrolides, lincosamides, ketolides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. The complete genome sequence of C. urealyticum revealed a detailed picture of the lifestyle of this opportunistic human pathogen.
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microbiological and clinical features of Corynebacterium urealyticum urinary tract stones and genomics as the rosetta stone
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2008Co-Authors: F Soriano, Andreas TauchAbstract:Corynebacterium urealyticum, formerly known as coryneform CDC group D2, was first recognized to be involved in human infections 30 years ago. It is a slow-growing, lipophilic, asaccharolytic and usually multidrug-resistant organism with potent urease activity. Its cell wall peptidoglycan, menaquinone, mycolic and cellular fatty acid composition is consistent with that of the genus Corynebacterium. DNA-DNA hybridization studies and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis have been used to determine the degree of relatedness of C. urealyticum to other corynebacterial species. The genome of the type strain consists of a circular chromosome with a size of 2 369 219 bp and a mean G + C content of 64.2%, and analysis of its genome explains the bacterium's lifestyle. C. urealyticum is a common skin colonizer of hospitalized elderly individuals who are receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics. It is an opportunistic pathogen causing mainly acute cystitis, pyelonephritis, encrusted cystitis, and encrusted pyelitis. More infrequently, it causes other infections, but mainly in patients with urological diseases. Infections are more common in males than in females, and treatment requires administration of antibiotics active against the organism in vitro, mainly glycopeptides, as well as surgical intervention, the latter mostly in cases of chronic infection. Mortality directly associated with infection by this organism is not frequent, but encrusted pyelitis in kidney-recipient patients may cause graft loss. The outcome of infection by this organism is reasonably good if the microbiological diagnosis is made and patients are treated appropriately.
