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Xavier Turon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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finding the relevant scale clonality and genetic structure in a marine invertebrate Crambe Crambe porifera
Molecular Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: I Calderon, Sandra Duran, Marta Pascual, Mikel A Becerro, Natalia Ortega, Xavier TuronAbstract:Important changes in genetic relatedness may occur at extremely small scales in benthic invertebrates, providing key information about structuring processes in populations of these organisms. We performed a small-scale study of the population structure of the sponge Crambe Crambe, in which 177 individuals from the same rocky wall (interindividual distances from 0 to 7 m) were genotyped using six microsatellite markers. 101 sponges had unique genotypes and the remaining 76 individuals formed 24 groups of sponges sharing genotypes (clones). Mean intraclone distances were found to be c. 20 cm. Spatial autocorrelation analyses showed a drastic decrease in genetic relatedness over the first 100 cm of distance. If the contribution of clonality to this pattern was eliminated, the trend was attenuated, but remained a marked one and was still significant within the first distance classes (30-40 cm). Estimated mean dispersal distances per generation were c. 35 cm, and neighbourhood sizes were estimated at c. 33 sponges. Genetic similarities with sponges of the same locality, or from other Mediterranean localities, were within the same range as those found in sponges 2-7 m apart. It is concluded that asexual reproduction plays an important role in structuring populations in this species. However, over and above the effects of clonality, a strong fine-scale genetic structure was present at distances in the range of tens of centimetres, probably as a result of short dispersal of larvae. This fine-scale genetic structure may be common in invertebrates with lecitotrophic larvae.
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life cycles and growth rates of two morphotypes of cystodytes ascidiacea in the western mediterranean
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 2005Co-Authors: Susanna Lopezlegentil, Markus Ruchty, Arnau Domenech, Xavier TuronAbstract:The reproductive cycles, growth and survival of the 2 most abundant color morphs (blue and purple) of the colonial ascidian Cystodytes occurring in the western Mediterranean were studied over a period of 20 mo. Previous reports have assigned the 2 morphotypes to the nominal species C. dellechiajei. A seasonal pattern emerged, in which larval release occurred in late spring and sum- mer, followed by a period of active growth. Significant differences between morphotypes were also detected: the cycles of both reproduction and growth rates of the purple morph lagged 1 to 2 mo behind those of the blue morph. Within morphotypes, the time course of reproductive activity and growth rates also displayed a temporal lag that suggests partitioning of resources to either reproduc- tion or growth. In particular, the growth rates of the 2 morphotypes peaked when reproductive activ- ity was at its lowest. There were no significant differences in mortality between these forms, and in both cases a significant negative correlation was found between mortality and size. In the blue morph, maximal growth rate was negatively correlated with size, whilst no significant relationship between growth rate and size was detected in the purple morph. There were no significant differ- ences in growth between colonies of the purple morph that were in contact with the toxic sponge Crambe Crambe and those that were not. The differences found in the reproductive cycles of these 2 morphotypes match previously reported genetic and chemical divergences.
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strong population structure in the marine sponge Crambe Crambe poecilosclerida as revealed by microsatellite markers
Molecular Ecology, 2004Co-Authors: Sandra Duran, Marta Pascual, Arnaud Estoup, Xavier TuronAbstract:Different categories of molecular markers have been used so far to study the population structure of sponges. However, these markers often did not have the resolution power to address precisely questions on structuring processes, especially at the intrapopulational level. In this study we show that microsatellites fulfil these expectations, allowing a fine description of population structure at different geographical scales in the marine sponge Crambe Crambe. Specimens were collected in 11 locations, representing most of the Atlanto-Mediterranean range of the species, and were analysed at six loci. As expected for a sessile invertebrate with lecitotrophic larvae, high levels of between-population structure were found (FST = 0.18) and a significant isolation-by-distance pattern was observed. A strong genetic structure was also found within sampled sites (FIS = 0.21) that may be explained by several factors including inbreeding, selfing and the Wahlund effect. In spite of a sampling design planned to avoid the sampling of clones, genotypically identical individuals for the six loci were found in some locations. The significance of these potential clones is discussed and their effect on the observed pattern of population structure assessed. Patterns of allelic distribution within populations suggest the possibility of a recent colonization of the Atlantic range from the Mediterranean Sea.
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low levels of genetic variation in mtdna sequences over the western mediterranean and atlantic range of the sponge Crambe Crambe poecilosclerida
Marine Biology, 2004Co-Authors: Sandra Duran, Marta Pascual, Xavier TuronAbstract:Crambe Crambe is a common encrusting sponge found in the Mediterranean and Atlantic littoral. An analysis of a partial sequence (535 bp) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was conducted in an attempt to determine population structure in this species. This is the first study of population genetics using this kind of marker in the phylum. Samples (N=86) were taken in eight populations separated by distances from 20 to 3,000 km, spanning from the western Mediterranean to the Atlantic. Low variability of this gene was found, as only two haplotypes were identified, along with low nucleotide diversity (π=0.0006). However, the different frequencies found among populations revealed genetic structure and low gene flow between close populations, as expected from the dispersal biology of the species. The low variability found in sponges is in agreement with reports on cnidarians and points to a high conservation of mtDNA in diploblastic phyla.
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phylogeographical history of the sponge Crambe Crambe porifera poecilosclerida range expansion and recent invasion of the macaronesian islands from the mediterranean sea
Molecular Ecology, 2004Co-Authors: Sandra Duran, Gonzalo Giribet, Xavier TuronAbstract:We studied sequence variation in the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS-2) in 111 individuals from 11 populations/localities of the sponge Crambe Crambe across the core species range in the western Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. We report the first confirmed instance of intragenomic variation in sponges. Phylogeographical, nested clade and population genetic analyses were used to elucidate the species’ evolutionary history. The study revealed highly structured populations affected by restricted gene flow and isolation-by-distance. A contiguous range expansion in the whole distribution area of the sponge was inferred. Phylogenetic analyses indicate a recent origin of most sequence types that could be explained by a recent origin of the species or a by recent bottleneck event in the studied area. A recent expansion of the distribution range to the Macaronesian region from the Mediterranean Sea was also detected, suggesting that C. Crambe was recently introduced from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean via human-mediated transport, and that the pattern observed is not the result of a natural biogeographical relationship between these zones.
Deonir Secco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Crambe oil yield and soil physical properties responses to no tillage cover crops and chiseling
Industrial Crops and Products, 2021Co-Authors: Deonir Secco, Doglas Bassegio, Luiz Antonio Zanão, Bruna De Villa, Araceli Ciotti Marins, Tiago Roque Benetoli Da Silva, Samuel Nelson Melegari De SouzaAbstract:Abstract Soil compaction on no-tillage (NT) system is one of the main problems for sustainable grains production in clay soils. However, some Brassicas, such as Crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst), may show tolerance to moderately-compacted soils. The objective of this study was evaluate the effect of cover crops and chiseling on the soil physical properties, grain yield and oil content of Crambe. Five summer cover crops, pear millet (Pennisetum americanum), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan), sunn hemp (Crotalaria spectabilis), and velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) and two soil management systems (chiseling and no-tillage) were evaluated for three years in Brazil. Chiseling soil management decreased soil bulk density and increased total porosity, but chiseling had short-term effects on soil physical properties (12 months). Cover crops showed no difference regarding the effects on soil physical properties. The traditional no-tillage system presented higher soil bulk density and lower total porosity, which did not affect Crambe grain and oil yield. Crambe presented expected grain and oil yield regardless of the adopted management and cover crops.
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efficiency of the use of solvents in vegetable oil extraction at oleaginous crops
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017Co-Authors: Carlos Henrique Fornasari, Reginaldo Ferreira Santos, Deonir Secco, Luiz Antonio Zanão, Tiago Roque Benetoli Da Silva, Samuel Nelson Melegari De Souza, Luciene Kazue Tokura, Natasha Barchinski Galant Lenz, Maikon Lucian Lenz, Flavio GurgaczAbstract:Abstract The soxhlet oil extraction method provides a large amount of oil when compared to other methods, however the commonly used solvents are not always effective. The objective of this work was to compare the efficiency of two solvents in different moisture contents in the extraction of peanut oil (Arachis hypogaea L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), soybean (Glycine max), Crambe (Crambe abyssinica) and canola (Brassica napus L.). The experiment was conducted in a 5 × 2×2 factorial scheme, and five grain moisture contents (9.44%, 7.76%, 6.68%, 6.82% and 7.77%) were tested for canola, Crambe, peanut, sunflower and soybean, respectively, two solvents (petroleum ether and hexane) and four repetitions, totaling 80 experimental units. The solvents presented have no influence on the content of sunflower oil and soybean, while extractions of dry grains result in an increase in the content of sunflower oil, regardless of the solvent used. The interaction between the solvent of hexane (without moisture in the grains) optimizes the extraction of canola oil. It was also verified the highest percentage of peanut oil content (43.49%) extracted with petroleum ether with moisture in the grains (6.69%). For the grains of Crambe, the humidity of (7.76%) presented the best percentage with 11.95% of oil.
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1UNIOESTE-Western Paraná State University-Postgraduation Program, Master Course of Energy in Agriculture,
2016Co-Authors: Maycon Daniel Vieira, Reginaldo Ferreira Santos, Deonir Secco, Helton Aparecido Rosa, Samuel Nelson Melegari, De Souza, Gustavo Veloso, Gustavo Henrique Dalposso, Daniela Trentin NavaAbstract:Spatial variability of physical attributes of a clayey latosol related to the grain yield of the Crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) cultur
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management of soy supply glycine max and its exploitation in farming Crambe Crambe abyssinica
African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2016Co-Authors: Ricardo Bitencourt, Reginaldo Ferreira Santos, Deonir Secco, Tiago Roque Benetoli Da Silva, Juliana Parisotto Poletine, Affonso Celso Goncalves, Claudia Regina Dias Arieira, Carolina Amaral Tavares Da Silva, Charline Zaratin AlvesAbstract:The experiment was conducted in the 2013/14 season, in an experimental area of the C-Valle, in Palotina Municipal District, Parana State, Brazil. The cultivar used was Monsoy 6210 IPRO. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. The treatments consisted of basic fertilization (AB) in soybean sowing, AB + 20% AB + 40% AB + coverage with potassium, AB + 20% + coverage with potassium and AB + 40% + coverage with potassium. The variables evaluated for agronomic performance of soybeans were: Plant height, first pod height, number of pods per plant, yield and mass of one hundred seeds. Could not find significant differences in the variables analyzed. We conclude that the fertilization treatments were not effective for the increase of soybean grown in clay soil parameters. The Crambe culture can be considered a culture that recycles nutrients and has good potential for the use of residual fertilizer from previous crops. Key words: Residual fertilizer, base fertilizer, nutritional requirements.
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Crambe (Crambe abyssinica H.) development and productivity under different sowing densities.
Australian Journal of Crop Science, 2015Co-Authors: Octavio Henrique Viana, Reginaldo Ferreira Santos, Deonir Secco, T R B Da Silva, Luciene Kazue Tokura, R. C. De Oliveira, S. N. M. De Souza, Flavio GurgaczAbstract:The search for renewable sources of energy gains new options of raw materials every day, such as crops from agriculture. Oil crops, such as soybeans, canola, jatropha and Crambe stand out in the west of Parana state, Brazil. The Crambe ('Crambe abyssinica' H.) is a promising plant in the production of oil in Brazil and is an alternative to the crop rotation system. Several studies have been conducted on Crambe as there is currently little information regarding this crop in the west of Parana. Also, studies on plant density are also required, as this factor is important to avoid competition for soil nutrients and reduced grain yield. This study aimed to assess Crambe growth and production under different sowing densities. The experiment was conducted on an experimental farm in the city of Cascavel - PR. The spatial arrangement proposed in this study varied according with sowing densities of 8, 12, 17.5 and 24 kg ha-1 Crambe seeds with spacing of 0.45 m between rows and 5 replications in an experimental design with randomized blocks. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and to regression test in ASSISTAT software. Results showed that plant height, fresh mass, dry mass, plants per linear meter and grain yield were influenced by variations in plant sowing density. Plant height (110.08 cm) and yield (2118.57 kg ha-1) showed the best results with sowing density of 8 kg ha-1. Fresh mass (67.95 t ha-1), dry mass (22.52 t ha-1) and plants per linear meter (55.60 units) reached the best results with a sowing density of 24 kg ha-1.
Sandra Duran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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finding the relevant scale clonality and genetic structure in a marine invertebrate Crambe Crambe porifera
Molecular Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: I Calderon, Sandra Duran, Marta Pascual, Mikel A Becerro, Natalia Ortega, Xavier TuronAbstract:Important changes in genetic relatedness may occur at extremely small scales in benthic invertebrates, providing key information about structuring processes in populations of these organisms. We performed a small-scale study of the population structure of the sponge Crambe Crambe, in which 177 individuals from the same rocky wall (interindividual distances from 0 to 7 m) were genotyped using six microsatellite markers. 101 sponges had unique genotypes and the remaining 76 individuals formed 24 groups of sponges sharing genotypes (clones). Mean intraclone distances were found to be c. 20 cm. Spatial autocorrelation analyses showed a drastic decrease in genetic relatedness over the first 100 cm of distance. If the contribution of clonality to this pattern was eliminated, the trend was attenuated, but remained a marked one and was still significant within the first distance classes (30-40 cm). Estimated mean dispersal distances per generation were c. 35 cm, and neighbourhood sizes were estimated at c. 33 sponges. Genetic similarities with sponges of the same locality, or from other Mediterranean localities, were within the same range as those found in sponges 2-7 m apart. It is concluded that asexual reproduction plays an important role in structuring populations in this species. However, over and above the effects of clonality, a strong fine-scale genetic structure was present at distances in the range of tens of centimetres, probably as a result of short dispersal of larvae. This fine-scale genetic structure may be common in invertebrates with lecitotrophic larvae.
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strong population structure in the marine sponge Crambe Crambe poecilosclerida as revealed by microsatellite markers
Molecular Ecology, 2004Co-Authors: Sandra Duran, Marta Pascual, Arnaud Estoup, Xavier TuronAbstract:Different categories of molecular markers have been used so far to study the population structure of sponges. However, these markers often did not have the resolution power to address precisely questions on structuring processes, especially at the intrapopulational level. In this study we show that microsatellites fulfil these expectations, allowing a fine description of population structure at different geographical scales in the marine sponge Crambe Crambe. Specimens were collected in 11 locations, representing most of the Atlanto-Mediterranean range of the species, and were analysed at six loci. As expected for a sessile invertebrate with lecitotrophic larvae, high levels of between-population structure were found (FST = 0.18) and a significant isolation-by-distance pattern was observed. A strong genetic structure was also found within sampled sites (FIS = 0.21) that may be explained by several factors including inbreeding, selfing and the Wahlund effect. In spite of a sampling design planned to avoid the sampling of clones, genotypically identical individuals for the six loci were found in some locations. The significance of these potential clones is discussed and their effect on the observed pattern of population structure assessed. Patterns of allelic distribution within populations suggest the possibility of a recent colonization of the Atlantic range from the Mediterranean Sea.
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low levels of genetic variation in mtdna sequences over the western mediterranean and atlantic range of the sponge Crambe Crambe poecilosclerida
Marine Biology, 2004Co-Authors: Sandra Duran, Marta Pascual, Xavier TuronAbstract:Crambe Crambe is a common encrusting sponge found in the Mediterranean and Atlantic littoral. An analysis of a partial sequence (535 bp) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) was conducted in an attempt to determine population structure in this species. This is the first study of population genetics using this kind of marker in the phylum. Samples (N=86) were taken in eight populations separated by distances from 20 to 3,000 km, spanning from the western Mediterranean to the Atlantic. Low variability of this gene was found, as only two haplotypes were identified, along with low nucleotide diversity (π=0.0006). However, the different frequencies found among populations revealed genetic structure and low gene flow between close populations, as expected from the dispersal biology of the species. The low variability found in sponges is in agreement with reports on cnidarians and points to a high conservation of mtDNA in diploblastic phyla.
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phylogeographical history of the sponge Crambe Crambe porifera poecilosclerida range expansion and recent invasion of the macaronesian islands from the mediterranean sea
Molecular Ecology, 2004Co-Authors: Sandra Duran, Gonzalo Giribet, Xavier TuronAbstract:We studied sequence variation in the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS-2) in 111 individuals from 11 populations/localities of the sponge Crambe Crambe across the core species range in the western Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. We report the first confirmed instance of intragenomic variation in sponges. Phylogeographical, nested clade and population genetic analyses were used to elucidate the species’ evolutionary history. The study revealed highly structured populations affected by restricted gene flow and isolation-by-distance. A contiguous range expansion in the whole distribution area of the sponge was inferred. Phylogenetic analyses indicate a recent origin of most sequence types that could be explained by a recent origin of the species or a by recent bottleneck event in the studied area. A recent expansion of the distribution range to the Macaronesian region from the Mediterranean Sea was also detected, suggesting that C. Crambe was recently introduced from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean via human-mediated transport, and that the pattern observed is not the result of a natural biogeographical relationship between these zones.
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polymorphic microsatellite loci in the sponge Crambe Crambe porifera poecilosclerida and their variation in two distant populations
Molecular Ecology Notes, 2002Co-Authors: Sandra Duran, Marta Pascual, Arnaud Estoup, Xavier TuronAbstract:Seven polymorphic microsatellite loci were characterized in the marine encrusting sponge Crambe Crambe from a partial genomic DNA-enriched library. Preliminary data on allelic variation of these loci in two distant populations of C. Crambe are presented to assess their potential utility as high-resolution genetic markers for this species. The number of alleles per locus ranged between three and 16 and the distributions of allele frequencies differed considerably between the two populations, indicating a marked genetic differentiation between them. These are the first microsatellite loci reported from any species in the phylum.
Marco Antonio Martin Biaggioni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Seed quality of Crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) submitted to different drying methods 1 Qualidade de sementes de Crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) submetidas a diferentes métodos de secagem
2020Co-Authors: Artigo Científico, Marco Antonio Martin Biaggioni, Magnun Antonio Penariol Da Silva, Claudio Cavariani, Gisela Ferreira, Juliana Joice, Pereira Lima, Marco Antonio, * Autor, Para CorrespondênciaAbstract:ABSTRACT -The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of different drying methods on physiological quality of Crambe seeds. Crambe seeds of FMS Brilhante cultivar were produced in the Lageado experimental farm (UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil) in 2012. The drying methods were: artificial drying with hot air, artificial drying with fresh air, natural yard drying, natural shade drying and natural field drying. The water content of seeds was monitored before, during and after drying. Germination, first germination count, abnormal seedlings, GSI, germination synchronization, frequency and germination mean time, electrical conductivity, fatty acid index and oil content were evaluated in order to know the physiological quality. The experimental design was randomized and the averages compared by the t-test at 5% significance. Results showed that artificial hot air drying favored with higher germination and vigor of Crambe seeds when compared to other drying methods and demanded shorter time to reduce the water content. The natural shade drying method is feasible for Crambe seeds despite taking longer. Key words: Natural drying. Artificial drying. Crambe seeds vigor. Seeds damage. RESUMO -Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar o efeito de diferentes métodos de secagem na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de Crambe. As sementes de Crambe da cultivar FMS Brilhante foram produzidas na Fazenda Experimental Lageado (UNESP -Botucatu) no ano de 2012. As condições de secagem foram: secagem artificial com ar aquecido, secagem artificial com ar natural, secagem natural em terreiro, secagem natural à sombra e secagem na planta. O teor de água foi monitorado antes, durante e após a secagem. Para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica foi realizado o teste de germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, plântulas anormais, IVG, sincronização da germinação, frequência e tempo médio de germinação, teste de condutividade elétrica, índice de acidez graxa e teor de óleo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Pelos resultados obtidos a secagem artificial com alta temperatura favoreceu obtenção de sementes de Crambe com alta germinação e vigor em relação aos demais tipos de secagem com um tempo menor para redução do teor de água. A secagem natural na sombra é viável para sementes de Crambe apesar de ser longa. Palavras-chave: Secagem natural. Secagem artificial. Vigor de sementes de Crambe. Danos em sementes
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processo de descasque de Crambe Crambe hyspanica subesp abyssinica hochst ex r e fr prina visando a extracao de oleo
ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA, 2017Co-Authors: Silas Da Silva Santos, Marco Antonio Martin Biaggioni, Maria Marcia Pereira Sartori, Iara Maria Casarini Monteiro, Ivan Fernandes De SouzaAbstract:A prensagem mecânica e o metodo mais empregado para extracao do oleo de diversos tipos de oleaginosas, constituindo-se em uma operacao simples que nao exige mao de obra qualificada e facilmente adaptavel a diversos tipos de graos. Entretanto, as prensas continuas com pequena capacidade, tem um grande potencial de utilizacao nas pequenas comunidades rurais, apresentam baixa eficiencia de extracao, deixando uma quantidade significativa de oleo na torta. A operacao de retirada das cascas dos frutos de Crambe, antes da prensagem, constitui-se em um fator importante que pode otimizar a extracao mecânica do oleo de Crambe, reduzindo o teor de oleo que se perde pelo processamento do grao com casca. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o rendimento de oleo de Crambe extraido mecanicamente, contendo diferentes percentagens de retirada de casca. Foram realizados os testes de rendimento de extracao do oleo pelo metodo mecânico de prensagem a frio, a partir do Crambe submetido aos seguintes tratamentos de descasque: graos sem casca, graos com 10% de casca, graos com 20% de casca e graos com casca (controle). Para avaliar o efeito do descasque foi utilizado um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos e quatro repeticoes. Os resultados foram submetidos a analise de variância e as medias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho permitiram observar o efeito positivo e significativo do descasque dos graos sobre a extracao do oleo de Crambe, atingindo o maximo rendimento com a ausencia de casca.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Crambe, descasque, rendimento de extracao, prensagem mecânica, eficiencia de extracao. DEHULLING PROCESS OF Crambe [Crambe Hyspanica subesp. Abyssinica (Hochst. ex R. E. Fr.) PRINA] AIMING TO OIL EXTRACTIONABSTRACT: The mechanical screw pressing (expeller) is the method most commonly used for extracting oil from various types of oilseeds, constituting of a simple operation that requires no skilled labor and is easily adaptable to various types of grain. However, continuous presses with small capacity have great potential of use in small rural communities, and have low extraction efficiency, leaving a significant amount of oil in the Crambe cake. To remove the hull from Crambe fruits before pressing is an important factor that can optimize the mechanical extraction of Crambe oil, reducing oil waste. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the yield of mechanically extracted oil from Crambe fruits containing different percentages of hull. The oil extraction yield tests were performed by the cold pressing method, submitting the Crambe to the following hulling treatments: totally dehulled, partially dehulled with 10% hull, partially dehulled with 20% hull, and whole grains (control). To evaluate the dehulling effect, a completely randomized experimental design was used, with four treatments and four replications. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by the Tukey’s test at 5% probability. The results obtained in this work allowed observing the positive and significant effect of hulling to Crambe oil extraction. The absence of hull resulted on maximum yield of oil extracted.KEYWORDS: Crambe, dehulling, extraction yield, mechanical pressing, extraction efficiency.
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analise energetica da producao do Crambe Crambe abyssinica hochst em plantio direto
Engenharia Agricola, 2016Co-Authors: Samir Paulo Jasper, Marco Antonio Martin Biaggioni, Paulo Roberto Arbex, Andre Sathosi Seki, Osmar De Carvalho BuenoAbstract:The objective of this study was to characterize the energy consumption in the deployment and conduct of the culture of Crambe abyssinica Hochst in no tillage in Farm Experimental Lageado, belonging to the Faculty of Sciences Agricultural - UNESP, located in Botucatu - SP. Seeking to assess the sustainability of the system, it is estimated, too, its energy and culture. For the removal of the components of the structure of expenditures, we used energy coefficients recommended in literature. The structures of energy expenditure by type, source and form, show that the indirect energy contributed 65.03%, industrial sources, fossil and organic represented 68.80%, 23.67% and 11.30% respectively. On ways in which they presented, chemical fertilizers contributed 44.31% and diesel oil with 23.04% to 67.35% of the energy, showing the dependence of the system of industrial and fossil energy sources. The cultural performance was found to 9.98, indicating that for every unit of heat applied in the production Crambe the return was 8.98 units, energy efficiency was above 38, showing high sustainability of the agricultural system, with cultural energy net reached 37,153.17 MJ ha-1.
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seed quality of Crambe Crambe abyssinica hochst submitted to different drying methods
Revista Ciencia Agronomica, 2016Co-Authors: Magnun Antonio Penariol Da Silva, Juliana Joice Pereira Lima, Marco Antonio Martin Biaggioni, Claudio Cavariani, Gisela FerreiraAbstract:The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of different drying methods on physiological quality of Crambe seeds. Crambe seeds of FMS Brilhante cultivar were produced in the Lageado experimental farm (UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil) in 2012. The drying methods were: artificial drying with hot air, artificial drying with fresh air, natural yard drying, natural shade drying and natural field drying. The water content of seeds was monitored before, during and after drying. Germination, first germination count, abnormal seedlings, GSI, germination synchronization, frequency and germination mean time, electrical conductivity, fatty acid index and oil content were evaluated in order to know the physiological quality. The experimental design was randomized and the averages compared by the t-test at 5% significance. Results showed that artificial hot air drying favored with higher germination and vigor of Crambe seeds when compared to other drying methods and demanded shorter time to reduce the water content. The natural shade drying method is feasible for Crambe seeds despite taking longer.
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influencia do pericarpo no teste de condutividade eletrica em sementes de Crambe Crambe abyssinica hochst submetidas a metodos de secagem
ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA, 2015Co-Authors: Magnun Antonio Penariol Da Silva, Marco Antonio Martin Biaggioni, Felipe Carlos Spneski Sperotto, Arthur Celidonio Heiland Puteri, Reni SaathAbstract:O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de cinco sistemas de secagem sobre a qualidade de sementes de Crambe e a influencia do pericarpo no teste de condutividade eletrica. O campo de sementes foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas, UNESP – Univ Estadual Paulista. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repeticoes. Foram empregados os seguintes metodos de secagem: secagem no campo, no terreiro, a sombra, com ar aquecido e com ar nao aquecido. As sementes utilizadas foram da cultivar FMS Brilhante. Utilizou-se para avaliar a qualidade das sementes a analise da acidez graxa e o teste de condutividade eletrica, com e sem pericarpo. Apos obtencao dos dados procedeu-se a analise de variância, e as medias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p≤0,05). Foi realizado tambem o teste de correlacao linear de Pearson entre os testes de condutividade eletrica e acidez graxa visando avaliar a influencia do pericarpo. Concluiu-se que o sistema de secagem a sombra causa menores danos as sementes e que a presenca do pericarpo nas sementes de Crambe diminui a sensibilidade do teste de condutividade eletrica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Biodiesel; acidez graxa; semente oleaginosa. INFLUENCE OF THE PERICARP IN ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF Crambe ( Crambe abyssinica HOCHST) SEEDS SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT DRYING SYSTEMS ABSTRACT: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of five drying systems on the quality of Crambe seed and the influence of the pericarp in its electrical conductivity. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks with four replications. The following drying methods were applied: drying in the field, on the patio, under shade, with heated air, and non-heated air. To evaluate the electrical conductivity and the fat acidity, the seeds, from the cultivar FMS Brilhante, were analyzed with and without pericarp. . An analysis of variance was performed and the means were compared by Tukey test (p≤0,05). We also performed the Pearson linear correlation between electrical conductivity and fat acidity in order to evaluate the pericarp influence. The 4 drying system using shades cause less damage to the seeds; and the presence of pericarp decreased the sensitivity of the electrical conductivity. KEYWORDS: Biodiesel; fat acidity, oilseed.
Mikel A Becerro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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finding the relevant scale clonality and genetic structure in a marine invertebrate Crambe Crambe porifera
Molecular Ecology, 2007Co-Authors: I Calderon, Sandra Duran, Marta Pascual, Mikel A Becerro, Natalia Ortega, Xavier TuronAbstract:Important changes in genetic relatedness may occur at extremely small scales in benthic invertebrates, providing key information about structuring processes in populations of these organisms. We performed a small-scale study of the population structure of the sponge Crambe Crambe, in which 177 individuals from the same rocky wall (interindividual distances from 0 to 7 m) were genotyped using six microsatellite markers. 101 sponges had unique genotypes and the remaining 76 individuals formed 24 groups of sponges sharing genotypes (clones). Mean intraclone distances were found to be c. 20 cm. Spatial autocorrelation analyses showed a drastic decrease in genetic relatedness over the first 100 cm of distance. If the contribution of clonality to this pattern was eliminated, the trend was attenuated, but remained a marked one and was still significant within the first distance classes (30-40 cm). Estimated mean dispersal distances per generation were c. 35 cm, and neighbourhood sizes were estimated at c. 33 sponges. Genetic similarities with sponges of the same locality, or from other Mediterranean localities, were within the same range as those found in sponges 2-7 m apart. It is concluded that asexual reproduction plays an important role in structuring populations in this species. However, over and above the effects of clonality, a strong fine-scale genetic structure was present at distances in the range of tens of centimetres, probably as a result of short dispersal of larvae. This fine-scale genetic structure may be common in invertebrates with lecitotrophic larvae.
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silica deposition in demosponges spiculogenesis in Crambe Crambe
Cell and Tissue Research, 2000Co-Authors: Maria Jesus Uriz, Xavier Turon, Mikel A BecerroAbstract:Transmission electron-microscopy images coupled with dispersive X-ray analysis of the species Crambe Crambe have provided information on the process of silica deposition in Demosponges. Sclerocytes (megasclerocytes) lie close to spicules or surround them at different stages of growth by means of long thin enveloping pseudopodia. Axial filaments occur free in the mesohyl, in close contact with sclerocytes, and are triangular in cross section, with an internal silicified core. The unit-type membrane surrounding the growing spicule coalesces with the plasmalemma. The axial filament of a growing spicule and that of a mature spicule contain 50%–70% Si and 30%–40% Si relative to that contained in the spicule wall, respectively. The extracellular space between the sclerocyte and the growing spicule contains 50%–65%. Mitochondria, vesicles and dense inclusions of sclerocytes exhibit less than 10%. The cytoplasm close to the growing spicule and that far from the growing spicule contain up to 50% and less than 10%, respectively. No Si has been detected in other parts of the sponge. The megascleres are formed extracellularly. Once the axial filament is extruded to the mesohyl, silicification is accomplished in an extracellular space formed by the enveloping pseudopodia of the sclerocyte. Si deposition starts at regularly distributed sites along the axial filament; this may be related to the highly hydroxylated zones of the silicatein-α protein. Si is concentrated in the cytoplasm of the sclerocyte close to the plasmalemma that surrounds the growing spicules. Orthosilicic acid seems to be pumped, both from the mesohyl to the sclerocyte and from the sclerocyte to the extra-cellular pocket containing the growing spicule, via the plasmalemma.
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microstructure variation in sponges sharing growth form the encrusting demosponges dysidea avara and Crambe Crambe
Acta Zoologica, 2000Co-Authors: Jordi Galera, Xavier Turon, Maria Jesus Uriz, Mikel A BecerroAbstract:The goals of this study are to assess variability of microarchitecture in sponges with a similar growth form and to look for correlates between microstructural organization, biological functions and ecological strategies. A comparison of the microstructure of the encrusting sponges Dysidea avara (Dendroceratida) and Crambe Crambe (Poecilosclerida) is performed. The species co-occur in sublittoral habitats of the western Mediterranean. Histological techniques, image analysis and corrosion castings are used in order to quantify thickness, degree of development of the aquiferous system, relative amount of structural and cellular materials, and size of the choanocyte chambers in both species. The fine structure and cellular types are described and analysed through SEM/TEM. These sponges are known to feature contrasting ecological strategies: D. avara has higher growth and clearance rates than C. Crambe, it is more susceptible to predation and uses a more opportunistic strategy of space acquisition and maintenance. C. Crambe grows slowly, it is chemically protected from predation and it competes successfully for space with other invertebrates. These differences in biological strategies are here shown to have clear structural correlates: D. avara is structurally simpler, with fewer cell types and very scarce matrix material. Most of its section is occupied by the highly developed aquiferous system. Its construction is much looser than in C. Crambe. In the latter species, structural complexity is higher, it produces long-lasting structures such as the spicules, and it is more compact and thinner. It is concluded that there is wide scope for microarchitectural patterns, even in species with similar growth form, and that structural and cytological characters may prove to be useful descriptors of biological strategies in sponges.
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chemically mediated interactions in benthic organisms the chemical ecology of Crambe Crambe porifera poecilosclerida
Hydrobiologia, 1997Co-Authors: Mikel A Becerro, Maria Jesus Uriz, Xavier TuronAbstract:We studied the chemically-mediated interactions of the encrusting sponge Crambe Crambe, one of the most toxic and widespread species in rocky sublittoral habitats in the Northwestern Mediterranean. Guanidine alkaloids accounted for C. Crambe’s toxicity, which seems to have multiple functions in nature, as evidence has been found for antifouling, antipredation, and space competition roles.
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Location of toxicity within the Mediterranean sponge Crambe Crambe (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida)
Marine Biology, 1996Co-Authors: Maria Jesus Uriz, Mikel A Becerro, J. M. Tur, Xavier TuronAbstract:Within-specimen location of toxicity in Crambe Crambe (Schmidt) has been addressed by complementary procedures on specimens collected in north-east Spain (Western Mediterranean) in winter of 1993. The toxicity of the distal (ectosome) and basal (choanosome) sponge parts have been analysed and the main cellular types present in these two layers have been studied by light and electron microscopy. The toxicity of the three main cell types, separated by the gradient-density method, has also been analysed. Three main fractions, each of them enriched in a different cellular type, were obtained: Fraction 1 (interface between 2 and 5% Ficoll) contained 90±0.9% (mean±SE) of spherulous cells and 10% of different cell types consisting of choanocytes (5±0.54%), and unidentified cells or cell debris (5±0.84%); Fraction 2 (interface between 5 and 8% Ficoll) was enriched in choanocytes (70±0.95%), and also contained spherulous cells (11.8±0.73%), archeocytes (6.2±0.74%) and unidentified sponge cells (12±0.74%); Fraction 3 (interface between 8 and 11% Ficoll) mainly consisted of archeocytes and archeocyte-like cells (75±0.66%), together with spherulous cells (7±0.74%) and other unidentified sponge cells and cell aggregates mainly formed by choanocytes (18±0.41%). Toxicity [measured in toxicity units, TU, using the Microtox® procedure] was significantly higher in the sponge ectosome (12.45±1.4 TU) than in the choanosome (2.58±0.92 UT). Only the abundance of spherulous cells in the sponge tissues correlated well with the pattern of toxicity observed, and this was corroborated by the toxic behaviour of the three cellular fractions obtained: the one enriched in spherulous cells was highly toxic (9.08 UT), whereas those enriched in choanocytes and in archeocytes were almost inactive (0.48 UT) or totally innocuous, respectively. All these results point to the spherulous cells being responsible for the storage (and possibly production) of the toxic compounds in C. Crambe. Toxicity is concentrated in the sponge periphery. Spherulous cells are also concentrated in this area and can also be observed outside the sponge exopinacoderm. These results correlate well with the assumption of a defensive role of toxicity, since encounters with potential epibionts, predators and competitive neighbours take place through this peripheral zone. However, we found two types of spherulous cells (orange and colourless, respectively) coexisting in the same sponge zones as well as in Cell Fraction 1. Thus, we cannot at present determine whether one or both types are responsible for the toxicity encountered, although it is likely that the two correspond to different states of the same cell type.