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Yves Desjardins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a polyphenol rich Cranberry Extract reverses insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis independently of body weight loss
Molecular metabolism, 2017Co-Authors: Fernando F Anhe, Thibault V Varin, Genevieve Pilon, Yves Desjardins, Stephanie Dudonne, Renato T. Nachbar, Vanessa Vilela, Maryse Fournier, Marc-andré Lecours, Debarati RoyAbstract:Abstract Objective Previous studies have reported that polyphenol-rich Extracts from various sources can prevent obesity and associated gastro-hepatic and metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. However, whether such Extracts can reverse obesity-linked metabolic alterations remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential of a polyphenol-rich Extract from Cranberry (CE) to reverse obesity and associated metabolic disorders in DIO-mice. Methods Mice were pre-fed either a Chow or a High Fat-High Sucrose (HFHS) diet for 13 weeks to induce obesity and then treated either with CE (200 mg/kg, Chow + CE, HFHS + CE) or vehicle (Chow, HFHS) for 8 additional weeks. Results CE did not reverse weight gain or fat mass accretion in Chow- or HFHS-fed mice. However, HFHS + CE fully reversed hepatic steatosis and this was linked to upregulation of genes involved in lipid catabolism (e.g., PPARα) and downregulation of several pro-inflammatory genes (eg, COX2, TNFα) in the liver. These findings were associated with improved glucose tolerance and normalization of insulin sensitivity in HFHS + CE mice. The gut microbiota of HFHS + CE mice was characterized by lower Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and a drastic expansion of Akkermansia muciniphila and, to a lesser extent, of Barnesiella spp, as compared to HFHS controls. Conclusions Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CE, without impacting body weight or adiposity, can fully reverse HFHS diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis while triggering A. muciniphila blooming in the gut microbiota, thus underscoring the gut-liver axis as a primary target of Cranberry polyphenols.
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A polyphenol-rich Cranberry Extract reverses insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis independently of body weight loss
Elsevier, 2017Co-Authors: Fernando F Anhe, Thibault V Varin, Genevieve Pilon, Yves Desjardins, Stephanie Dudonne, Renato T. Nachbar, Vanessa Vilela, Maryse Fournier, Marc-andré Lecours, Denis RoyAbstract:Objective: Previous studies have reported that polyphenol-rich Extracts from various sources can prevent obesity and associated gastro-hepatic and metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. However, whether such Extracts can reverse obesity-linked metabolic alterations remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential of a polyphenol-rich Extract from Cranberry (CE) to reverse obesity and associated metabolic disorders in DIO-mice. Methods: Mice were pre-fed either a Chow or a High Fat-High Sucrose (HFHS) diet for 13 weeks to induce obesity and then treated either with CE (200 mg/kg, Chow + CE, HFHS + CE) or vehicle (Chow, HFHS) for 8 additional weeks. Results: CE did not reverse weight gain or fat mass accretion in Chow- or HFHS-fed mice. However, HFHS + CE fully reversed hepatic steatosis and this was linked to upregulation of genes involved in lipid catabolism (e.g., PPARα) and downregulation of several pro-inflammatory genes (eg, COX2, TNFα) in the liver. These findings were associated with improved glucose tolerance and normalization of insulin sensitivity in HFHS + CE mice. The gut microbiota of HFHS + CE mice was characterized by lower Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and a drastic expansion of Akkermansia muciniphila and, to a lesser extent, of Barnesiella spp, as compared to HFHS controls. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CE, without impacting body weight or adiposity, can fully reverse HFHS diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis while triggering A. muciniphila blooming in the gut microbiota, thus underscoring the gut-liver axis as a primary target of Cranberry polyphenols. Author Video: Author Video Watch what authors say about their articles Keywords: Akkermansia, Barnesiella, Obesity, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Flavonoid
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triggering akkermansia with dietary polyphenols a new weapon to combat the metabolic syndrome
Gut microbes, 2016Co-Authors: Fernando F Anhe, Emile Levy, Genevieve Pilon, Yves Desjardins, André MaretteAbstract:ABSTRACTThe gut and its bacterial colonizers are now well characterized as key players in whole-body metabolism, opening new avenues of research and generating great expectation for new treatments against obesity and its cardiometabolic complications. As diet is the main environmental factor affecting the gut microbiota, it has been suggested that fruits and vegetables, whose consumption is strongly associated with a healthy lifestyle, may carry phytochemicals that could help maintain intestinal homeostasis and metabolic health. We recently demonstrated that oral administration of a Cranberry Extract rich in polyphenols prevented diet-induced obesity and several detrimental features of the metabolic syndrome in association with a remarkable increase in the abundance of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia in the gut microbiota of mice. This addendum provides an extended discussion in light of recent discoveries suggesting a mechanistic link between polyphenols and Akkermansia, also contemplating how ...
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a polyphenol rich Cranberry Extract protects from diet induced obesity insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased akkermansia spp population in the gut microbiota of mice
Gut, 2015Co-Authors: Fernando F Anhe, Thibault V Varin, Quentin Moine, Emile Levy, Genevieve Pilon, Carole Garofalo, Yves Desjardins, Stephanie Dudonne, Sebastien Matamoros, Andre MaretteAbstract:Objective The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) demonstrates the failure of conventional treatments to curb these diseases. The gut microbiota has been put forward as a key player in the pathophysiology of diet-induced T2D. Importantly, Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) is associated with a number of beneficial health effects. We aimed to investigate the metabolic impact of a Cranberry Extract (CE) on high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice and to determine whether its consequent antidiabetic effects are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. Design C57BL/6J mice were fed either a chow or a HFHS diet. HFHS-fed mice were gavaged daily either with vehicle (water) or CE (200 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. The composition of the gut microbiota was assessed by analysing 16S rRNA gene sequences with 454 pyrosequencing. Results CE treatment was found to reduce HFHS-induced weight gain and visceral obesity. CE treatment also decreased liver weight and triglyceride accumulation in association with blunted hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. CE administration improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by improved insulin tolerance, lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and decreased glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia during an oral glucose tolerance test. CE treatment was found to lower intestinal triglyceride content and to alleviate intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. Interestingly, CE treatment markedly increased the proportion of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia in our metagenomic samples. Conclusions CE exerts beneficial metabolic effects through improving HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp. population.
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Modulatory effects of a Cranberry Extract co-supplementation with Bacillus subtilis CU1 probiotic on phenolic compounds bioavailability and gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet-fed mice
PharmaNutrition, 2015Co-Authors: St??phanie Dudonn??, Thibault V Varin, Fernando Forato Anh??, Pascal Dub??, ??mile Levy, Maria Urdaci, Geneviève Pilon, André Marette, Claudine Jacquot, Denis Roy, Yves DesjardinsAbstract:Cranberry consumption has been demonstrated to improve features of the metabolic syndrome, therefore providing an alternative strategy to prevent obesity and type-2 diabetes. Moreover, gut dysbiosis is now considered as a key factor in metabolic disorders. In order to understand the involvement of phenolic compounds in the health-improving effects of Cranberry, this study aimed to investigate their bioavailability after oral administration of a Cranberry Extract (CE) to high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) fed mice, and to explore a possible modulation of gut microbiota composition following a co-supplementation with spores of Bacillus subtilis CU1 probiotic (CE/P). Phenolic metabolites were Extracted and characterized from plasma using ??SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS, and a metagenomic analysis was performed on feces to assess gut bacterial composition. 22 circulating metabolites were identified, mainly microbial degradation products of native Cranberry phenolic compounds. Plasma concentration of 3 microbial metabolites was significantly increased with the CE/P co-treatment: p-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (+53%, +103% and +70%, respectively). Associated to this modulation, we reported significant differences in the proportion of Barnesiella and Oscillibacter genera in CE/P treated mice in comparison with control animals. This study thus highlights the impact of an altered gut microbiota on phenolic compounds degradation and bioavailability in mice.
Min Cao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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water soluble Cranberry Extract inhibits vibrio cholerae biofilm formation possibly through modulating the second messenger 3 5 cyclic diguanylate level
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Daniel B. Pederson, Yuqing Dong, Levi B Blue, Sara V Smith, Min CaoAbstract:Quorum sensing (QS) and nucleotide-based second messengers are vital signaling systems that regulate bacterial physiology in response to changing environments. Disrupting bacterial signal transduction is a promising direction to combat infectious diseases, and QS and the second messengers are undoubtedly potential targets. In Vibrio cholerae, both QS and the second messenger 3’, 5’—cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) play a central role in controlling motility, motile-to-sessile life transition, and virulence. In this study, we found that water-soluble Extract from the North American Cranberry could significantly inhibit V. cholerae biofilm formation during the development/maturation stage by reducing the biofilm matrix production and secretion. The anti-biofilm effect by water-soluble Cranberry Extract was possibly through modulating the intracellular c-di-GMP level and was independent of QS and the QS master regulator HapR. Our results suggest an opportunity to explore more functional foods to fight stubborn infections through interference with the bacterial signaling systems.
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Supplement timing of Cranberry Extract plays a key role in promoting Caenorhabditis elegans healthspan
Nutrients, 2014Co-Authors: Sujay Guha, Ojas Natarajan, Cole G. Murbach, Jessica Dinh, Ethan C. Wilson, Sige Zou, Min Cao, Yuqing DongAbstract:Consumption of nutraceuticals is a major and potent dietary intervention for delaying aging. As the timing of administration is critical for the efficacy of bioactive compounds in medicine, the effectiveness of nutraceuticals may also be dramatically affected by the timing of supplementation. Cranberry exact (CBE), rich in polyphenols, is consumed as a nutraceutical, and possesses anti-aging properties. Here, we examined the influence of timing on the beneficial effects of CBE supplementation in C. elegans. The prolongevity effect of CBE in different aged worms, young adults, middle-age adults, and aged adults, was determined. Early-start intervention with CBE prolonged the remaining lifespan of worms of different ages more robustly than late-start intervention. The effectiveness of CBE on stress responses and physiological behaviors in different aged worms was also investigated. The early-start intervention prominently promoted motility and resistance to heat shocks and V. cholera infection, especially in aged worms. Together, these findings suggest that the timing of CBE supplementation critically influences its beneficial effects on C. elegans lifespan and healthspan. It is of interest to further investigate whether the similar results would occur in humans.
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Cranberry Extract standardized for proanthocyanidins promotes the immune response of Caenorhabditis elegans to Vibrio cholerae through the p38 MAPK pathway and HSF-1
PLoS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Jessica Dinh, Joseph T. Angeloni, Daniel B. Pederson, Min Cao, Xiaoxia Wang, Yuqing DongAbstract:Botanicals are rich in bioactive compounds, and some offer numerous beneficial effects to animal and human health when consumed. It is well known that phytochemicals in cranberries have anti-oxidative and antimicrobial activities. Recently, an increasing body of evidence has demonstrated that Cranberry phytochemicals may have potential benefits that promote healthy aging. Here, we use Caenorhabditis elegans as a model to show that water-soluble Cranberry Extract standardized to 4.0% proanthocyanidins (WCESP), a major component of cranberries, can enhance host innate immunity to resist against Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae; wild type C6706 (O1 El Tor biotype)) infection. Supplementation of WCESP did not significantly alter the intestinal colonization of V. cholerae, but upregulated the expression of C. elegans innate immune genes, such as clec-46, clec-71, fmo-2, pqn-5 and C23G10.1. Additionally, WCESP treatment did not affect the growth of V. cholerae and expression of the major bacterial virulence genes, and only slightly reduced bacterial colonization within C. elegans intestine. These findings indicate that the major components of WCESP, including proanthocyanidins (PACs), may play an important role in enhancing the host innate immunity. Moreover, we engaged C. elegans mutants and identified that the p38 MAPK signaling, insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS), and HSF-1 play pivotal roles in the WCESP-mediated host immune response. Considering the level of conservation between the innate immune pathways of C. elegans and humans, the results of this study suggest that WCESP may also play an immunity-promoting role in higher order organisms.
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The longevity effect of Cranberry Extract in Caenorhabditis elegans is modulated by daf-16 and osr-1
Age, 2013Co-Authors: Sujay Guha, Sige Zou, Ryan M. Kane, Anthony M. Savino, Min Cao, Yuqing DongAbstract:Nutraceuticals are known to have numerous health and disease preventing properties. Recent studies suggest that Extracts containing Cranberry may have anti-aging benefits. However, little is known about whether and how Cranberry by itself promotes longevity and healthspan in any organism. Here we examined the effect of a Cranberry only Extract on lifespan and healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Supplementation of the diet with Cranberry Extract (CBE) increased the lifespan in C. elegans in a concentration-dependent manner. Cranberry also increased tolerance of C. elegans to heat shock, but not to oxidative stress or ultraviolet irradiation. In addition, we tested the effect of Cranberry on brood size and motility and found that Cranberry did not influence these behaviors. Our mechanistic studies indicated that lifespan extension induced by CBE requires the insulin/IGF signaling pathway and DAF-16. We also found that Cranberry promotes longevity through osmotic stress resistant-1 (OSR-1) and one of its downstream effectors, UNC-43, but not through SEK-1, a component of the p38 MAP kinase pathway. However, SIR-2.1 and JNK signaling pathways are not required for Cranberry to promote longevity. Our findings suggest that Cranberry supplementation confers increased longevity and stress resistance in C. elegans through pathways modulated by daf-16 and osr-1. This study reveals the anti-aging property of widely consumed Cranberry and elucidates the underpinning mechanisms.
Thibault V Varin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a polyphenol rich Cranberry Extract protects against endogenous exposure to persistent organic pollutants during weight loss in mice
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2020Co-Authors: Beatrice S Y Choi, Thibault V Varin, Genevieve Pilon, Philippe Stpierre, Angelo Tremblay, Andre MaretteAbstract:Abstract The dramatic rise in the global occurrence of obesity and associated diseases calls for new strategies to promote weight loss. However, while the beneficial effects of weight loss are well known, rapid loss of fat mass can also lead to the endogenous release of liposoluble molecules with potential harmful effects, such as persistent organic pollutants (POP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a polyphenol-rich Cranberry Extract (CE) on POP release and their potential deleterious effects during weight loss of obese mice. C57BL/6 J mice were fed an obesogenic diet with or without a mixture of POP for 12 weeks and then changed to a low-fat diet to induce weight loss and endogenous POP release. The POP-exposed mice were then separated in two groups during weight loss, receiving either CE or the vehicle. Unexpectedly, despite the higher fat loss in the CE-treated group, the circulating levels of POP were not enhanced in these mice. Moreover, glucose homeostasis was further improved during CE-induced weight loss, as revealed by lower fasting glycemia and improved glucose tolerance as compared to vehicle-treated mice. Interestingly, the CE Extract also induced changes in the gut microbiota after weight loss in POP-exposed mice, including blooming of Parvibacter, a member of the Coriobacteriaceae family which has been predicted to play a role in xenobiotic metabolism. Our data thus suggests that the gut microbiota can be targeted by polyphenol-rich Extracts to protect from increased POP exposure and their detrimental metabolic effects during rapid weight loss.
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a polyphenol rich Cranberry Extract reverses insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis independently of body weight loss
Molecular metabolism, 2017Co-Authors: Fernando F Anhe, Thibault V Varin, Genevieve Pilon, Yves Desjardins, Stephanie Dudonne, Renato T. Nachbar, Vanessa Vilela, Maryse Fournier, Marc-andré Lecours, Debarati RoyAbstract:Abstract Objective Previous studies have reported that polyphenol-rich Extracts from various sources can prevent obesity and associated gastro-hepatic and metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. However, whether such Extracts can reverse obesity-linked metabolic alterations remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential of a polyphenol-rich Extract from Cranberry (CE) to reverse obesity and associated metabolic disorders in DIO-mice. Methods Mice were pre-fed either a Chow or a High Fat-High Sucrose (HFHS) diet for 13 weeks to induce obesity and then treated either with CE (200 mg/kg, Chow + CE, HFHS + CE) or vehicle (Chow, HFHS) for 8 additional weeks. Results CE did not reverse weight gain or fat mass accretion in Chow- or HFHS-fed mice. However, HFHS + CE fully reversed hepatic steatosis and this was linked to upregulation of genes involved in lipid catabolism (e.g., PPARα) and downregulation of several pro-inflammatory genes (eg, COX2, TNFα) in the liver. These findings were associated with improved glucose tolerance and normalization of insulin sensitivity in HFHS + CE mice. The gut microbiota of HFHS + CE mice was characterized by lower Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and a drastic expansion of Akkermansia muciniphila and, to a lesser extent, of Barnesiella spp, as compared to HFHS controls. Conclusions Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CE, without impacting body weight or adiposity, can fully reverse HFHS diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis while triggering A. muciniphila blooming in the gut microbiota, thus underscoring the gut-liver axis as a primary target of Cranberry polyphenols.
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A polyphenol-rich Cranberry Extract reverses insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis independently of body weight loss
Elsevier, 2017Co-Authors: Fernando F Anhe, Thibault V Varin, Genevieve Pilon, Yves Desjardins, Stephanie Dudonne, Renato T. Nachbar, Vanessa Vilela, Maryse Fournier, Marc-andré Lecours, Denis RoyAbstract:Objective: Previous studies have reported that polyphenol-rich Extracts from various sources can prevent obesity and associated gastro-hepatic and metabolic disorders in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. However, whether such Extracts can reverse obesity-linked metabolic alterations remains unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential of a polyphenol-rich Extract from Cranberry (CE) to reverse obesity and associated metabolic disorders in DIO-mice. Methods: Mice were pre-fed either a Chow or a High Fat-High Sucrose (HFHS) diet for 13 weeks to induce obesity and then treated either with CE (200 mg/kg, Chow + CE, HFHS + CE) or vehicle (Chow, HFHS) for 8 additional weeks. Results: CE did not reverse weight gain or fat mass accretion in Chow- or HFHS-fed mice. However, HFHS + CE fully reversed hepatic steatosis and this was linked to upregulation of genes involved in lipid catabolism (e.g., PPARα) and downregulation of several pro-inflammatory genes (eg, COX2, TNFα) in the liver. These findings were associated with improved glucose tolerance and normalization of insulin sensitivity in HFHS + CE mice. The gut microbiota of HFHS + CE mice was characterized by lower Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and a drastic expansion of Akkermansia muciniphila and, to a lesser extent, of Barnesiella spp, as compared to HFHS controls. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CE, without impacting body weight or adiposity, can fully reverse HFHS diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis while triggering A. muciniphila blooming in the gut microbiota, thus underscoring the gut-liver axis as a primary target of Cranberry polyphenols. Author Video: Author Video Watch what authors say about their articles Keywords: Akkermansia, Barnesiella, Obesity, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Flavonoid
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a polyphenol rich Cranberry Extract protects from diet induced obesity insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased akkermansia spp population in the gut microbiota of mice
Gut, 2015Co-Authors: Fernando F Anhe, Thibault V Varin, Quentin Moine, Emile Levy, Genevieve Pilon, Carole Garofalo, Yves Desjardins, Stephanie Dudonne, Sebastien Matamoros, Andre MaretteAbstract:Objective The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) demonstrates the failure of conventional treatments to curb these diseases. The gut microbiota has been put forward as a key player in the pathophysiology of diet-induced T2D. Importantly, Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) is associated with a number of beneficial health effects. We aimed to investigate the metabolic impact of a Cranberry Extract (CE) on high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice and to determine whether its consequent antidiabetic effects are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. Design C57BL/6J mice were fed either a chow or a HFHS diet. HFHS-fed mice were gavaged daily either with vehicle (water) or CE (200 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. The composition of the gut microbiota was assessed by analysing 16S rRNA gene sequences with 454 pyrosequencing. Results CE treatment was found to reduce HFHS-induced weight gain and visceral obesity. CE treatment also decreased liver weight and triglyceride accumulation in association with blunted hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. CE administration improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by improved insulin tolerance, lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and decreased glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia during an oral glucose tolerance test. CE treatment was found to lower intestinal triglyceride content and to alleviate intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. Interestingly, CE treatment markedly increased the proportion of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia in our metagenomic samples. Conclusions CE exerts beneficial metabolic effects through improving HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp. population.
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Modulatory effects of a Cranberry Extract co-supplementation with Bacillus subtilis CU1 probiotic on phenolic compounds bioavailability and gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet-fed mice
PharmaNutrition, 2015Co-Authors: St??phanie Dudonn??, Thibault V Varin, Fernando Forato Anh??, Pascal Dub??, ??mile Levy, Maria Urdaci, Geneviève Pilon, André Marette, Claudine Jacquot, Denis Roy, Yves DesjardinsAbstract:Cranberry consumption has been demonstrated to improve features of the metabolic syndrome, therefore providing an alternative strategy to prevent obesity and type-2 diabetes. Moreover, gut dysbiosis is now considered as a key factor in metabolic disorders. In order to understand the involvement of phenolic compounds in the health-improving effects of Cranberry, this study aimed to investigate their bioavailability after oral administration of a Cranberry Extract (CE) to high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) fed mice, and to explore a possible modulation of gut microbiota composition following a co-supplementation with spores of Bacillus subtilis CU1 probiotic (CE/P). Phenolic metabolites were Extracted and characterized from plasma using ??SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS, and a metagenomic analysis was performed on feces to assess gut bacterial composition. 22 circulating metabolites were identified, mainly microbial degradation products of native Cranberry phenolic compounds. Plasma concentration of 3 microbial metabolites was significantly increased with the CE/P co-treatment: p-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (+53%, +103% and +70%, respectively). Associated to this modulation, we reported significant differences in the proportion of Barnesiella and Oscillibacter genera in CE/P treated mice in comparison with control animals. This study thus highlights the impact of an altered gut microbiota on phenolic compounds degradation and bioavailability in mice.
André Marette - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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triggering akkermansia with dietary polyphenols a new weapon to combat the metabolic syndrome
Gut microbes, 2016Co-Authors: Fernando F Anhe, Emile Levy, Genevieve Pilon, Yves Desjardins, André MaretteAbstract:ABSTRACTThe gut and its bacterial colonizers are now well characterized as key players in whole-body metabolism, opening new avenues of research and generating great expectation for new treatments against obesity and its cardiometabolic complications. As diet is the main environmental factor affecting the gut microbiota, it has been suggested that fruits and vegetables, whose consumption is strongly associated with a healthy lifestyle, may carry phytochemicals that could help maintain intestinal homeostasis and metabolic health. We recently demonstrated that oral administration of a Cranberry Extract rich in polyphenols prevented diet-induced obesity and several detrimental features of the metabolic syndrome in association with a remarkable increase in the abundance of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia in the gut microbiota of mice. This addendum provides an extended discussion in light of recent discoveries suggesting a mechanistic link between polyphenols and Akkermansia, also contemplating how ...
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Modulatory effects of a Cranberry Extract co-supplementation with Bacillus subtilis CU1 probiotic on phenolic compounds bioavailability and gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet-fed mice
PharmaNutrition, 2015Co-Authors: St??phanie Dudonn??, Thibault V Varin, Fernando Forato Anh??, Pascal Dub??, ??mile Levy, Maria Urdaci, Geneviève Pilon, André Marette, Claudine Jacquot, Denis Roy, Yves DesjardinsAbstract:Cranberry consumption has been demonstrated to improve features of the metabolic syndrome, therefore providing an alternative strategy to prevent obesity and type-2 diabetes. Moreover, gut dysbiosis is now considered as a key factor in metabolic disorders. In order to understand the involvement of phenolic compounds in the health-improving effects of Cranberry, this study aimed to investigate their bioavailability after oral administration of a Cranberry Extract (CE) to high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) fed mice, and to explore a possible modulation of gut microbiota composition following a co-supplementation with spores of Bacillus subtilis CU1 probiotic (CE/P). Phenolic metabolites were Extracted and characterized from plasma using ??SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS, and a metagenomic analysis was performed on feces to assess gut bacterial composition. 22 circulating metabolites were identified, mainly microbial degradation products of native Cranberry phenolic compounds. Plasma concentration of 3 microbial metabolites was significantly increased with the CE/P co-treatment: p-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (+53%, +103% and +70%, respectively). Associated to this modulation, we reported significant differences in the proportion of Barnesiella and Oscillibacter genera in CE/P treated mice in comparison with control animals. This study thus highlights the impact of an altered gut microbiota on phenolic compounds degradation and bioavailability in mice.
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A polyphenol-rich Cranberry Extract protects from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and intestinal inflammation in association with increased Akkermansia spp. population in the gut microbiota of mice.
Gut, 2015Co-Authors: Fernando F Anhê, Thibault V Varin, Geneviève Pilon, Stéphanie Dudonné, Sébastien Matamoros, Quentin Moine, Emile Levy, Carole Garofalo, Yves Desjardins, Denis Roy, André MaretteAbstract:OBJECTIVE: The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) demonstrates the failure of conventional treatments to curb these diseases. The gut microbiota has been put forward as a key player in the pathophysiology of diet-induced T2D. Importantly, Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) is associated with a number of beneficial health effects. We aimed to investigate the metabolic impact of a Cranberry Extract (CE) on high fat/high sucrose (HFHS)-fed mice and to determine whether its consequent antidiabetic effects are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. DESIGN: C57BL/6J mice were fed either a chow or a HFHS diet. HFHS-fed mice were gavaged daily either with vehicle (water) or CE (200 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. The composition of the gut microbiota was assessed by analysing 16S rRNA gene sequences with 454 pyrosequencing. RESULTS: CE treatment was found to reduce HFHS-induced weight gain and visceral obesity. CE treatment also decreased liver weight and triglyceride accumulation in association with blunted hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. CE administration improved insulin sensitivity, as revealed by improved insulin tolerance, lower homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and decreased glucose-induced hyperinsulinaemia during an oral glucose tolerance test. CE treatment was found to lower intestinal triglyceride content and to alleviate intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress. Interestingly, CE treatment markedly increased the proportion of the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia in our metagenomic samples. CONCLUSIONS: CE exerts beneficial metabolic effects through improving HFHS diet-induced features of the metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a proportional increase in Akkermansia spp.
Mariana Sarto Figueiredo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cranberry vaccinium macrocarpon Extract treatment improves triglyceridemia liver cholesterol liver steatosis oxidative damage and corticosteronemia in rats rendered obese by high fat diet
European Journal of Nutrition, 2018Co-Authors: Thamara Cherem Peixoto, Egberto Gaspar De Moura, Elaine De Oliveira, Patricia Novaes Soares, Deysla Sabino Guarda, Dayse Nascimento Bernardino, Vanessa Silva Tavares Rodrigues, Gabriela Rodrigues De Souza, Antonio Jorge Ribeiro Da Silva, Mariana Sarto FigueiredoAbstract:Obese individuals have higher production of reactive oxygen species, which leads to oxidative damage. We hypothesize that Cranberry Extract (CE) can improve this dysfunction in HFD-induced obesity in rats since it has an important antioxidant activity. Here, we evaluated the effects of CE in food intake, adiposity, biochemical and hormonal parameters, lipogenic and adipogenic factors, hepatic morphology and oxidative balance in a HFD model. At postnatal day 120 (PN120), male Wistar rats were assigned into two groups: (1) SD (n = 36) fed with a standard diet and (2) HFD (n = 36), fed with a diet containing 44.5% (35.2% from lard) energy from fat. At PN150, 12 animals from SD and HFD groups were killed while the others were subdivided into four groups (n = 12/group): animals that received 200 mg/kg Cranberry Extract (SD CE, HFD CE) gavage/daily/30 days or water (SD, HFD). At PN180, animals were killed. HFD group showed higher body mass and visceral fat, hypercorticosteronemia, higher liver glucocorticoid sensitivity, cholesterol and triglyceride contents and microsteatosis. Also, HFD group had higher lipid peroxidation (plasma and tissues) and higher protein carbonylation (liver and adipose tissue) compared to SD group. HFD CE group showed lower body mass gain, hypotrygliceridemia, hypocorticosteronemia, and lower hepatic cholesterol and fatty acid synthase contents. HFD CE group displayed lower lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation (liver and adipose tissue) and accumulation of liver fat compared to HFD group. Although adiposity was not completely reversed, Cranberry Extract improved the metabolic profile and reduced oxidative damage and steatosis in HFD-fed rats, which suggests that it can help manage obesity-related disorders.
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Cranberry vaccinium macrocarpon Extract treatment improves triglyceridemia liver cholesterol liver steatosis oxidative damage and corticosteronemia in rats rendered obese by high fat diet
European Journal of Nutrition, 2018Co-Authors: Thamara Cherem Peixoto, Egberto Gaspar De Moura, Elaine De Oliveira, Patricia Novaes Soares, Deysla Sabino Guarda, Dayse Nascimento Bernardino, Vanessa Silva Tavares Rodrigues, Gabriela Rodrigues De Souza, Antonio Jorge Ribeiro Da Silva, Mariana Sarto FigueiredoAbstract:Purpose Obese individuals have higher production of reactive oxygen species, which leads to oxidative damage. We hypothesize that Cranberry Extract (CE) can improve this dysfunction in HFD-induced obesity in rats since it has an important antioxidant activity. Here, we evaluated the effects of CE in food intake, adiposity, biochemical and hormonal parameters, lipogenic and adipogenic factors, hepatic morphology and oxidative balance in a HFD model.