The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gonzalo L Alonso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the natural carotenoid Crocetin and the synthetic tellurium compound as101 protect the ovary against cyclophosphamide by modulating sirt1 and mitochondrial markers
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2017Co-Authors: Giovanna Di Emidio, Gonzalo L Alonso, Giulia Rossi, Isabelle Bonomo, Roberta Sferra, Antonella Vetuschi, Paolo Giovanni Artini, Alessandro Provenzani, Stefano Falone, G CartaAbstract:Cancer therapies are associated with increased infertility risk due to accelerated reproductive aging. Oxidative stress (OS) is a potential mechanism behind ovarian toxicity by cyclophosphamide (CPM), the most ovotoxic anticancer drug. An important sensor of OS is SIRT1, a NAD+-dependent deacetylase which regulates cellular defence and cell fate. This study investigated whether the natural carotenoid Crocetin and the synthetic compound AS101 protect the ovary against CPM by modulating SIRT1 and mitochondrial markers. We found that the number of primordial follicles of female CD1 mice receiving Crocetin plus CPM increased when compared with CPM alone and similar to AS101, whose protective effects are known. SIRT1 increased in CPM mouse ovaries revealing the occurrence of OS. Similarly, mitochondrial SIRT3 rose, whilst SOD2 and the mitochondrial biogenesis activator PGC1-α decreased, suggesting the occurrence of mitochondrial damage. Crocetin and AS101 administration prevented SIRT1 burst suggesting that preservation of redox balance can help the ovary to counteract ovarian damage by CPM. Decreased SIRT3 and increased SOD2 and PGC1-α in mice receiving Crocetin or AS101 prior to CPM provide evidence for mitochondrial protection. Present results improve the knowledge of ovarian damage by CPM and may help to develop interventions for preserving fertility in cancer patients.
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effects of Crocetin esters and Crocetin from crocus sativus l on aortic contractility in rat genetic hypertension
Molecules, 2015Co-Authors: Silvia Llorens, Gonzalo L Alonso, A Mancini, Jessica Serranodiaz, Eduardo Nava, Anna Maria Dalessandro, Manuel CarmonaAbstract:Background: Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by an enhancement in vasoconstriction, is clearly associated with hypertension. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) bioactive compounds have been recognized to have hypotensive properties. Recently, we have reported that Crocetin exhibits potent vasodilator effects on isolated aortic rings from hypertensive rats. In this work, we have aimed to analyze the anticontractile ability of Crocetin or Crocetin esters pool (crocins) isolated from saffron. Thus, we have studied the effects of saffron carotenoids on endothelium-dependent and -independent regulation of smooth muscle contractility in genetic hypertension. Methods: We have measured the isometric responses of aortic segments with or without endothelium obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rats. The effects of carotenoids were studied by assessing the endothelial modulation of phenylephrine-induced contractions (10−9–10−5 M) in the presence or absence of Crocetin or crocins. The role of nitric oxide and prostanoids was analyzed by performing the experiments with L-NAME (NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester) or indomethacin (both 10−5 M), respectively. Results: Crocetin, and to a minor extent crocins, diminished the maximum contractility of phenylephrine in intact rings, while crocins, but not Crocetin, increased this contractility in de-endothelizated vessels. In the intact vessels, the effect of Crocetin on contractility was unaffected by indomethacin but was abolished by L-NAME. However, Crocetin but not crocins, lowered the already increased contractility caused by L-NAME. Conclusions: Saffron compounds, but especially Crocetin have endothelium-dependent prorelaxing actions. Crocins have procontractile actions that take place via smooth muscle cell mechanisms. These results suggest that Crocetin and crocins activate different mechanisms involved in the vasoconstriction pathway in hypertension.
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Crocetin a carotenoid derived from saffron crocus sativus l improves acetylcholine induced vascular relaxation in hypertension
Journal of Vascular Research, 2014Co-Authors: A Mancini, Gonzalo L Alonso, Manuel Carmona, Jessica Serranodiaz, Eduardo Nava, Anna Maria Dalessandro, Silvia LlorensAbstract:Background: Hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction characterized by decreased vasorelaxation. Crocetin, a bioactive compound of saffron, exhibits favorable cardiovascular properties. We analyze the vasomodulatory effects of Crocetin in hypertension. Methods: Myographical experiments were performed to compare the relaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACH) on aortic rings from normotensive (Wistar) and hypertensive (SHR) rats, incubated with or without Crocetin or saffron extract and L-NAME or indomethacin. Extracts were also assayed in deendothelialized rings. UV-vis spectrophotometry and HPLC-DAD were used to characterize and quantify the saffron used. Results: Crocetin enhanced the ACH relaxations in aorta from hypertensive (strongly) and normotensive rats (weakly). Saffron extract did not modify this. Crocetin plus L-NAME abolished the relaxant response in SHR but not in Wistar aorta. Crocetin plus indomethacin did not modify the indomethacin response in either SHR or Wistar aorta. Crocetin in rubbed segments did not modify the ACH responses. In contrast, saffron increased this response in rubbed segments from SHR but not Wistar rats. Conclusion: Crocetin exerts healthy vasomodulatory effects in hypertension, strongly improving endothelium-dependent ACH relaxations via endothelial nitric oxide but not the cyclooxygenase pathway. This work proposes that Crocetin supplements are a possible complement in the therapy of hypertension.
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quantification of Crocetin esters in saffron crocus sativus l using raman spectroscopy and chemometrics
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Eirini Anastasaki, Amaya Zalacain, Gonzalo L Alonso, Manuel Carmona, Charalabos D Kanakis, Christos S Pappas, Luana Maggi, Moschos G PolissiouAbstract:The feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for predicting the content of Crocetin esters (crocins), and coloring strength was assessed. 114 samples from Greece, Iran, Italy and Spain were divided into two sets: a calibration set with 49 samples and a validation one with 65 samples. Calibration models for Crocetin esters (r 0.97, RMSEC 0.92, RMSEP 0.97, RPD 3.46) and coloring strength (r 0.95, RMSEC 12.2, RMSEP 11.3, RPD 2.59) were built in the spectral region 1700-955 cm(-1) using partial least-squares (PLS) regression. The calibration models were validated using cross-validation, leaving one sample out (r 0.97, RMSECV 1.09 for Crocetin esters and r 0.93, RMSECV 14.5 for coloring strength). The Crocetin esters content as determined by liquid chromatography fluctuated between 18.8 and 31.7 mg/100 g saffron. The corresponding values, as calculated using the Raman method, fluctuated between 19.2 and 32.0 mg/100 g saffron. The coloring strength determined by the reference method ranged from 177.0 to 296.7 units, while with the Raman method the values were between 186.8 and 297.6 units. The results, as compared to the reference methods (liquid chromatography and UV-vis spectrophotometry), show that the proposed methodology gives data with acceptable accuracy. The proposed models can be used as a tool for rapid screening of quality in saffron samples.
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rapid determination of Crocetin esters and picrocrocin from saffron spice crocus sativus l using uv visible spectrophotometry for quality control
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Ana M. Sanchez, Jose Jabaloyes, Amaya Zalacain, José Miguel Carot, Manuel Carmona, Gonzalo L AlonsoAbstract:The aim of this work was the development of multivariate models able to determine the content of the main Crocetin esters and picrocrocin from spectrophotometric data that could be used for routine quality control of saffron. These compounds were determined with HPLC in Spanish saffron, and their absorbance spectra from 190 to 700 nm were simultaneously monitored. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models have been obtained and applied to the determination of individual Crocetin esters, to the sum of Crocetin esters, and to picrocrocin. A modification of the Kennard−Stone algorithm was used to divide the pool of samples into calibration and validation subsets. The best predictions were obtained with the sum of Crocetin esters model, followed by the model for cis-Crocetin (β-d-glucosyl)-(β-d-gentiobiosyl) ester, trans-Crocetin di-(β-d-gentiobiosyl) ester, and trans-Crocetin (β-d-glucosyl)-(β-d-gentiobiosyl) ester, whereas the worst predictions were found with the picrocrocin and trans-Crocetin (β-d-ge...
Manuel Carmona - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effects of Crocetin esters and Crocetin from crocus sativus l on aortic contractility in rat genetic hypertension
Molecules, 2015Co-Authors: Silvia Llorens, Gonzalo L Alonso, A Mancini, Jessica Serranodiaz, Eduardo Nava, Anna Maria Dalessandro, Manuel CarmonaAbstract:Background: Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by an enhancement in vasoconstriction, is clearly associated with hypertension. Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) bioactive compounds have been recognized to have hypotensive properties. Recently, we have reported that Crocetin exhibits potent vasodilator effects on isolated aortic rings from hypertensive rats. In this work, we have aimed to analyze the anticontractile ability of Crocetin or Crocetin esters pool (crocins) isolated from saffron. Thus, we have studied the effects of saffron carotenoids on endothelium-dependent and -independent regulation of smooth muscle contractility in genetic hypertension. Methods: We have measured the isometric responses of aortic segments with or without endothelium obtained from spontaneously hypertensive rats. The effects of carotenoids were studied by assessing the endothelial modulation of phenylephrine-induced contractions (10−9–10−5 M) in the presence or absence of Crocetin or crocins. The role of nitric oxide and prostanoids was analyzed by performing the experiments with L-NAME (NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester) or indomethacin (both 10−5 M), respectively. Results: Crocetin, and to a minor extent crocins, diminished the maximum contractility of phenylephrine in intact rings, while crocins, but not Crocetin, increased this contractility in de-endothelizated vessels. In the intact vessels, the effect of Crocetin on contractility was unaffected by indomethacin but was abolished by L-NAME. However, Crocetin but not crocins, lowered the already increased contractility caused by L-NAME. Conclusions: Saffron compounds, but especially Crocetin have endothelium-dependent prorelaxing actions. Crocins have procontractile actions that take place via smooth muscle cell mechanisms. These results suggest that Crocetin and crocins activate different mechanisms involved in the vasoconstriction pathway in hypertension.
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Crocetin a carotenoid derived from saffron crocus sativus l improves acetylcholine induced vascular relaxation in hypertension
Journal of Vascular Research, 2014Co-Authors: A Mancini, Gonzalo L Alonso, Manuel Carmona, Jessica Serranodiaz, Eduardo Nava, Anna Maria Dalessandro, Silvia LlorensAbstract:Background: Hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction characterized by decreased vasorelaxation. Crocetin, a bioactive compound of saffron, exhibits favorable cardiovascular properties. We analyze the vasomodulatory effects of Crocetin in hypertension. Methods: Myographical experiments were performed to compare the relaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACH) on aortic rings from normotensive (Wistar) and hypertensive (SHR) rats, incubated with or without Crocetin or saffron extract and L-NAME or indomethacin. Extracts were also assayed in deendothelialized rings. UV-vis spectrophotometry and HPLC-DAD were used to characterize and quantify the saffron used. Results: Crocetin enhanced the ACH relaxations in aorta from hypertensive (strongly) and normotensive rats (weakly). Saffron extract did not modify this. Crocetin plus L-NAME abolished the relaxant response in SHR but not in Wistar aorta. Crocetin plus indomethacin did not modify the indomethacin response in either SHR or Wistar aorta. Crocetin in rubbed segments did not modify the ACH responses. In contrast, saffron increased this response in rubbed segments from SHR but not Wistar rats. Conclusion: Crocetin exerts healthy vasomodulatory effects in hypertension, strongly improving endothelium-dependent ACH relaxations via endothelial nitric oxide but not the cyclooxygenase pathway. This work proposes that Crocetin supplements are a possible complement in the therapy of hypertension.
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quantification of Crocetin esters in saffron crocus sativus l using raman spectroscopy and chemometrics
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Eirini Anastasaki, Amaya Zalacain, Gonzalo L Alonso, Manuel Carmona, Charalabos D Kanakis, Christos S Pappas, Luana Maggi, Moschos G PolissiouAbstract:The feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for predicting the content of Crocetin esters (crocins), and coloring strength was assessed. 114 samples from Greece, Iran, Italy and Spain were divided into two sets: a calibration set with 49 samples and a validation one with 65 samples. Calibration models for Crocetin esters (r 0.97, RMSEC 0.92, RMSEP 0.97, RPD 3.46) and coloring strength (r 0.95, RMSEC 12.2, RMSEP 11.3, RPD 2.59) were built in the spectral region 1700-955 cm(-1) using partial least-squares (PLS) regression. The calibration models were validated using cross-validation, leaving one sample out (r 0.97, RMSECV 1.09 for Crocetin esters and r 0.93, RMSECV 14.5 for coloring strength). The Crocetin esters content as determined by liquid chromatography fluctuated between 18.8 and 31.7 mg/100 g saffron. The corresponding values, as calculated using the Raman method, fluctuated between 19.2 and 32.0 mg/100 g saffron. The coloring strength determined by the reference method ranged from 177.0 to 296.7 units, while with the Raman method the values were between 186.8 and 297.6 units. The results, as compared to the reference methods (liquid chromatography and UV-vis spectrophotometry), show that the proposed methodology gives data with acceptable accuracy. The proposed models can be used as a tool for rapid screening of quality in saffron samples.
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rapid determination of Crocetin esters and picrocrocin from saffron spice crocus sativus l using uv visible spectrophotometry for quality control
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Ana M. Sanchez, Jose Jabaloyes, Amaya Zalacain, José Miguel Carot, Manuel Carmona, Gonzalo L AlonsoAbstract:The aim of this work was the development of multivariate models able to determine the content of the main Crocetin esters and picrocrocin from spectrophotometric data that could be used for routine quality control of saffron. These compounds were determined with HPLC in Spanish saffron, and their absorbance spectra from 190 to 700 nm were simultaneously monitored. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models have been obtained and applied to the determination of individual Crocetin esters, to the sum of Crocetin esters, and to picrocrocin. A modification of the Kennard−Stone algorithm was used to divide the pool of samples into calibration and validation subsets. The best predictions were obtained with the sum of Crocetin esters model, followed by the model for cis-Crocetin (β-d-glucosyl)-(β-d-gentiobiosyl) ester, trans-Crocetin di-(β-d-gentiobiosyl) ester, and trans-Crocetin (β-d-glucosyl)-(β-d-gentiobiosyl) ester, whereas the worst predictions were found with the picrocrocin and trans-Crocetin (β-d-ge...
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rapid determination of Crocetin esters and picrocrocin from saffron spice crocus sativus l using uv visible spectrophotometry for quality control
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Ana M. Sanchez, Jose Jabaloyes, Amaya Zalacain, José Miguel Carot, Manuel Carmona, Gonzalo L AlonsoAbstract:The aim of this work was the development of multivariate models able to determine the content of the main Crocetin esters and picrocrocin from spectrophotometric data that could be used for routine quality control of saffron. These compounds were determined with HPLC in Spanish saffron, and their absorbance spectra from 190 to 700 nm were simultaneously monitored. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models have been obtained and applied to the determination of individual Crocetin esters, to the sum of Crocetin esters, and to picrocrocin. A modification of the Kennard-Stone algorithm was used to divide the pool of samples into calibration and validation subsets. The best predictions were obtained with the sum of Crocetin esters model, followed by the model for cis-Crocetin (beta- D-glucosyl)-(beta- D-gentiobiosyl) ester, trans-Crocetin di-(beta- D-gentiobiosyl) ester, and trans-Crocetin (beta- D-glucosyl)-(beta- D-gentiobiosyl) ester, whereas the worst predictions were found with the picrocrocin and trans-Crocetin (beta- D-gentiobiosyl) ester models. These models may enhance quality control in saffron enterprises.
Ana M. Sanchez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rapid determination of Crocetin esters and picrocrocin from saffron spice crocus sativus l using uv visible spectrophotometry for quality control
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Ana M. Sanchez, Jose Jabaloyes, Amaya Zalacain, José Miguel Carot, Manuel Carmona, Gonzalo L AlonsoAbstract:The aim of this work was the development of multivariate models able to determine the content of the main Crocetin esters and picrocrocin from spectrophotometric data that could be used for routine quality control of saffron. These compounds were determined with HPLC in Spanish saffron, and their absorbance spectra from 190 to 700 nm were simultaneously monitored. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models have been obtained and applied to the determination of individual Crocetin esters, to the sum of Crocetin esters, and to picrocrocin. A modification of the Kennard−Stone algorithm was used to divide the pool of samples into calibration and validation subsets. The best predictions were obtained with the sum of Crocetin esters model, followed by the model for cis-Crocetin (β-d-glucosyl)-(β-d-gentiobiosyl) ester, trans-Crocetin di-(β-d-gentiobiosyl) ester, and trans-Crocetin (β-d-glucosyl)-(β-d-gentiobiosyl) ester, whereas the worst predictions were found with the picrocrocin and trans-Crocetin (β-d-ge...
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rapid determination of Crocetin esters and picrocrocin from saffron spice crocus sativus l using uv visible spectrophotometry for quality control
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Ana M. Sanchez, Jose Jabaloyes, Amaya Zalacain, José Miguel Carot, Manuel Carmona, Gonzalo L AlonsoAbstract:The aim of this work was the development of multivariate models able to determine the content of the main Crocetin esters and picrocrocin from spectrophotometric data that could be used for routine quality control of saffron. These compounds were determined with HPLC in Spanish saffron, and their absorbance spectra from 190 to 700 nm were simultaneously monitored. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models have been obtained and applied to the determination of individual Crocetin esters, to the sum of Crocetin esters, and to picrocrocin. A modification of the Kennard-Stone algorithm was used to divide the pool of samples into calibration and validation subsets. The best predictions were obtained with the sum of Crocetin esters model, followed by the model for cis-Crocetin (beta- D-glucosyl)-(beta- D-gentiobiosyl) ester, trans-Crocetin di-(beta- D-gentiobiosyl) ester, and trans-Crocetin (beta- D-glucosyl)-(beta- D-gentiobiosyl) ester, whereas the worst predictions were found with the picrocrocin and trans-Crocetin (beta- D-gentiobiosyl) ester models. These models may enhance quality control in saffron enterprises.
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kinetics of individual Crocetin ester degradation in aqueous extracts of saffron crocus sativus l upon thermal treatment in the dark
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Ana M. Sanchez, Maria Z. Tsimidou, Manuel Carmona, Stella A Ordoudi, Gonzalo L AlonsoAbstract:Kinetics of individual Crocetin ester degradation in aqueous extracts of saffron upon thermal treatment in the dark has been studied. Special attention has been paid to the comparison between saffron extracts and aqueous solutions of a Crocetin ester rich fraction, with a lower stability of the latter observed. The degradation reaction was the same for all Crocetin esters whether they were in saffron extracts or whether they were purified, although it was affected by external factors that modified their kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, making some of them less stable than others.
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Crocetin esters picrocrocin and its related compounds present in crocus sativus stigmas and gardenia jasminoides fruits tentative identification of seven new compounds by lc esi ms
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Manuel Carmona, Amaya Zalacain, Jose Luis Novella, Ana M. Sanchez, Gonzalo L AlonsoAbstract:Crocetin esters present in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigmas and in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit are the compounds responsible for their color. Of the fifteen Crocetin esters identified in this study, five new compounds were tentatively identified: trans and cis isomers of Crocetin (β-d-triglucoside)-(β-d-gentibiosyl) ester, trans and cis isomers of Crocetin (β-d-neapolitanose)-(β-d-glucosyl) ester, and cis Crocetin (β-d-neapolitanose)-(β-d-gentibiosyl) ester. The most relevant differences between both species were a low content of the trans Crocetin (β-d-glucosyl)-(β-d-gentibiosyl) ester, the absence of trans Crocetin di-(β-d-glucosyl) ester in gardenia, and its higher content of trans Crocetin (β-d-gentibiosyl) ester and cis Crocetin di-(β-d-gentibiosyl) ester. With the same chromatographic method it was possible to identify, in a single run, ten glycosidic compounds in saffron extracts with a UV/vis pattern similar to that of picrocrocin; among them, 5-hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-...
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Crocetin esters picrocrocin and its related compounds present in crocus sativus stigmas and gardenia jasminoides fruits tentative identification of seven new compounds by lc esi ms
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Manuel Carmona, Amaya Zalacain, Jose Luis Novella, Ana M. Sanchez, Gonzalo L AlonsoAbstract:Crocetin esters present in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigmas and in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit are the compounds responsible for their color. Of the fifteen Crocetin esters identified in this study, five new compounds were tentatively identified: trans and cis isomers of Crocetin (beta-D-triglucoside)-(beta-D-gentibiosyl) ester, trans and cis isomers of Crocetin (beta-D-neapolitanose)-(beta-D-glucosyl) ester, and cis Crocetin (beta-D-neapolitanose)-(beta-D-gentibiosyl) ester. The most relevant differences between both species were a low content of the trans Crocetin (beta-D-glucosyl)-(beta-D-gentibiosyl) ester, the absence of trans Crocetin di-(beta-D-glucosyl) ester in gardenia, and its higher content of trans Crocetin (beta-D-gentibiosyl) ester and cis Crocetin di-(beta-D-gentibiosyl) ester. With the same chromatographic method it was possible to identify, in a single run, ten glycosidic compounds in saffron extracts with a UV/vis pattern similar to that of picrocrocin; among them, 5-hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-isobenzofuranone 5-O-beta-D-gentibioside and 4-hydroxymethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexen-2-one 4-O-beta-D-gentibioside were tentatively identified for the first time in saffron. Of these ten glycosides, only the O-beta-D-gentibiosyl ester of 2-methyl-6-oxo-2,4-hepta-2,4-dienoic acid was found in gardenia samples, but it was possible to identify the iridoid glycoside, geniposide.
Amaya Zalacain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quantification of Crocetin esters in saffron crocus sativus l using raman spectroscopy and chemometrics
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010Co-Authors: Eirini Anastasaki, Amaya Zalacain, Gonzalo L Alonso, Manuel Carmona, Charalabos D Kanakis, Christos S Pappas, Luana Maggi, Moschos G PolissiouAbstract:The feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for predicting the content of Crocetin esters (crocins), and coloring strength was assessed. 114 samples from Greece, Iran, Italy and Spain were divided into two sets: a calibration set with 49 samples and a validation one with 65 samples. Calibration models for Crocetin esters (r 0.97, RMSEC 0.92, RMSEP 0.97, RPD 3.46) and coloring strength (r 0.95, RMSEC 12.2, RMSEP 11.3, RPD 2.59) were built in the spectral region 1700-955 cm(-1) using partial least-squares (PLS) regression. The calibration models were validated using cross-validation, leaving one sample out (r 0.97, RMSECV 1.09 for Crocetin esters and r 0.93, RMSECV 14.5 for coloring strength). The Crocetin esters content as determined by liquid chromatography fluctuated between 18.8 and 31.7 mg/100 g saffron. The corresponding values, as calculated using the Raman method, fluctuated between 19.2 and 32.0 mg/100 g saffron. The coloring strength determined by the reference method ranged from 177.0 to 296.7 units, while with the Raman method the values were between 186.8 and 297.6 units. The results, as compared to the reference methods (liquid chromatography and UV-vis spectrophotometry), show that the proposed methodology gives data with acceptable accuracy. The proposed models can be used as a tool for rapid screening of quality in saffron samples.
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rapid determination of Crocetin esters and picrocrocin from saffron spice crocus sativus l using uv visible spectrophotometry for quality control
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Ana M. Sanchez, Jose Jabaloyes, Amaya Zalacain, José Miguel Carot, Manuel Carmona, Gonzalo L AlonsoAbstract:The aim of this work was the development of multivariate models able to determine the content of the main Crocetin esters and picrocrocin from spectrophotometric data that could be used for routine quality control of saffron. These compounds were determined with HPLC in Spanish saffron, and their absorbance spectra from 190 to 700 nm were simultaneously monitored. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models have been obtained and applied to the determination of individual Crocetin esters, to the sum of Crocetin esters, and to picrocrocin. A modification of the Kennard−Stone algorithm was used to divide the pool of samples into calibration and validation subsets. The best predictions were obtained with the sum of Crocetin esters model, followed by the model for cis-Crocetin (β-d-glucosyl)-(β-d-gentiobiosyl) ester, trans-Crocetin di-(β-d-gentiobiosyl) ester, and trans-Crocetin (β-d-glucosyl)-(β-d-gentiobiosyl) ester, whereas the worst predictions were found with the picrocrocin and trans-Crocetin (β-d-ge...
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rapid determination of Crocetin esters and picrocrocin from saffron spice crocus sativus l using uv visible spectrophotometry for quality control
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Ana M. Sanchez, Jose Jabaloyes, Amaya Zalacain, José Miguel Carot, Manuel Carmona, Gonzalo L AlonsoAbstract:The aim of this work was the development of multivariate models able to determine the content of the main Crocetin esters and picrocrocin from spectrophotometric data that could be used for routine quality control of saffron. These compounds were determined with HPLC in Spanish saffron, and their absorbance spectra from 190 to 700 nm were simultaneously monitored. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) models have been obtained and applied to the determination of individual Crocetin esters, to the sum of Crocetin esters, and to picrocrocin. A modification of the Kennard-Stone algorithm was used to divide the pool of samples into calibration and validation subsets. The best predictions were obtained with the sum of Crocetin esters model, followed by the model for cis-Crocetin (beta- D-glucosyl)-(beta- D-gentiobiosyl) ester, trans-Crocetin di-(beta- D-gentiobiosyl) ester, and trans-Crocetin (beta- D-glucosyl)-(beta- D-gentiobiosyl) ester, whereas the worst predictions were found with the picrocrocin and trans-Crocetin (beta- D-gentiobiosyl) ester models. These models may enhance quality control in saffron enterprises.
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Crocetin esters picrocrocin and its related compounds present in crocus sativus stigmas and gardenia jasminoides fruits tentative identification of seven new compounds by lc esi ms
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Manuel Carmona, Amaya Zalacain, Jose Luis Novella, Ana M. Sanchez, Gonzalo L AlonsoAbstract:Crocetin esters present in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigmas and in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit are the compounds responsible for their color. Of the fifteen Crocetin esters identified in this study, five new compounds were tentatively identified: trans and cis isomers of Crocetin (β-d-triglucoside)-(β-d-gentibiosyl) ester, trans and cis isomers of Crocetin (β-d-neapolitanose)-(β-d-glucosyl) ester, and cis Crocetin (β-d-neapolitanose)-(β-d-gentibiosyl) ester. The most relevant differences between both species were a low content of the trans Crocetin (β-d-glucosyl)-(β-d-gentibiosyl) ester, the absence of trans Crocetin di-(β-d-glucosyl) ester in gardenia, and its higher content of trans Crocetin (β-d-gentibiosyl) ester and cis Crocetin di-(β-d-gentibiosyl) ester. With the same chromatographic method it was possible to identify, in a single run, ten glycosidic compounds in saffron extracts with a UV/vis pattern similar to that of picrocrocin; among them, 5-hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-...
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Crocetin esters picrocrocin and its related compounds present in crocus sativus stigmas and gardenia jasminoides fruits tentative identification of seven new compounds by lc esi ms
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Manuel Carmona, Amaya Zalacain, Jose Luis Novella, Ana M. Sanchez, Gonzalo L AlonsoAbstract:Crocetin esters present in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigmas and in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit are the compounds responsible for their color. Of the fifteen Crocetin esters identified in this study, five new compounds were tentatively identified: trans and cis isomers of Crocetin (beta-D-triglucoside)-(beta-D-gentibiosyl) ester, trans and cis isomers of Crocetin (beta-D-neapolitanose)-(beta-D-glucosyl) ester, and cis Crocetin (beta-D-neapolitanose)-(beta-D-gentibiosyl) ester. The most relevant differences between both species were a low content of the trans Crocetin (beta-D-glucosyl)-(beta-D-gentibiosyl) ester, the absence of trans Crocetin di-(beta-D-glucosyl) ester in gardenia, and its higher content of trans Crocetin (beta-D-gentibiosyl) ester and cis Crocetin di-(beta-D-gentibiosyl) ester. With the same chromatographic method it was possible to identify, in a single run, ten glycosidic compounds in saffron extracts with a UV/vis pattern similar to that of picrocrocin; among them, 5-hydroxy-7,7-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3H-isobenzofuranone 5-O-beta-D-gentibioside and 4-hydroxymethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-cyclohexen-2-one 4-O-beta-D-gentibioside were tentatively identified for the first time in saffron. Of these ten glycosides, only the O-beta-D-gentibiosyl ester of 2-methyl-6-oxo-2,4-hepta-2,4-dienoic acid was found in gardenia samples, but it was possible to identify the iridoid glycoside, geniposide.
Zhiyu Qian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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protective effect of Crocetin on hemorrhagic shock induced acute renal failure in rats
Shock, 2012Co-Authors: Yunbo Wang, Zhiyu Qian, Junling Yan, Zhenghong Wang, Lina YangAbstract:Multiple organ failure is a common outcome of hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation, and the kidney is one of the prime target organs involved. The main objective of the study was to evaluate whether Crocetin, a natural product from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, has beneficial effects on renal dysfunction caused by hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats. Anesthetized rats were bled to reduce mean arterial blood pressure to 35 (SD, 5) mmHg for 60 min and then were resuscitated with their withdrawn shed blood and normal saline. Crocetin was administered via the duodenum at a dose of 50 mg/kg 40 min after hemorrhage. The increase in creatinine and blood urea nitrogen was significantly reduced at 2 h after hemorrhage and resuscitation in Crocetin-treated rats. The increases in renal nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 6 were also attenuated by Crocetin. Hemorrhagic shock resulted in a significant elevation in malondialdehyde production and was accompanied by a reduction in total superoxide dismutase activity, activation of nuclear factor κB, and overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. These changes were significantly attenuated by Crocetin at 2 h after resuscitation. These results suggested that Crocetin blocks inflammatory cascades by inhibiting production of reactive oxygen species and restoring superoxide dismutase activity to ameliorate renal dysfunction caused by hemorrhage shock and resuscitation.
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suppression of nf κb pathway by Crocetin contributes to attenuation of lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury in mice
European Journal of Pharmacology, 2012Co-Authors: Ruhui Yang, Lina Yang, Xiangchun Shen, Wenyuan Cheng, Bohua Zhao, Kazi Hamid Ali, Zhiyu QianAbstract:Crocetin, a carotenoid compound, has been shown to reduce expression of inflammation and inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species. In the present study, the effect of Crocetin on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was investigated in vivo. In the mouse model, pretreatment with Crocetin at dosages of 50 and 100 mg/kg reduced the LPS-induced lung oedema and histological changes, increased LPS-impaired superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decreased lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Furthermore, treatment with Crocetin significantly attenuated LPS-induced mRNA and the protein expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in lung tissue. In addition, Crocetin at different dosages reduced phospho-IκB expression and NF-κB activity in LPS-induced lung tissue alteration. These results indicate that Crocetin can provide protection against LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice.
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effect of Crocetin on blood pressure restoration and synthesis of inflammatory mediators in heart after hemorrhagic shock in anesthetized rats
Shock, 2010Co-Authors: Junling Yan, Zhiyu Qian, Lina Yang, Bohua Zhao, Liang Sheng, Xiaoyuan Han, Rong ZhangAbstract:Crocetin, a constituent of saffron, has been shown not only to prevent reactive oxygen species-induced hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity but also to increase whole-body oxygen consumption and survival. The present study was to determine whether Crocetin has beneficial effects on cardiac injury caused by hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in rats. Anesthetized rats were bled to reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) to 35 +/- 5 mmHg for 60 min and then resuscitated with their withdrawn shed blood and isotonic sodium chloride solution. Crocetin was administered via the duodenum at 50 mg/kg 40 min after bleeding. We investigated MAP, serum creatine kinase activity, the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB, iNOS, and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), as well as levels of NO, malondialdehyde, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in the heart at 2 h postresuscitation. Compared with control group, Crocetin significantly increased MAP from 10 min after administration to the end of the protocol except the period between 75 and 90 min after initial bleeding, whereas serum creatine kinase activity was dramatically decreased at 2 h postresuscitation. Myocardial nuclear factor-kappaB activity, iNOS activity, NO, malondialdehyde, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 were significantly elevated, whereas T-SOD activity was suppressed in the control group if compared with those of sham animals. These parameters tended to be normalized in rats administered Crocetin. These results suggest that Crocetin blocks inflammatory cascades by inhibiting reactive oxygen species production and preserving T-SOD activity to ameliorate the cardiac injury caused by hemorrhage/resuscitation.
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Crocetin reduces tnbs induced experimental colitis in mice by downregulation of nfkb
Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology, 2009Co-Authors: Hamid A Kazi, Zhiyu QianAbstract:Background/Aim: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by oxidative and nitrosative stress, leukocyte infiltration and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of Crocetin and its protective mechanism on 2,4,6- trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice model. Materials and Methods: Intestinal lesions (judged by macroscopic and histological score) were associated with neutrophil infiltration (measured as increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the mucosa), and high levels of malondialdehyde MDA (an indicator of lipid peroxidation). Results: Dose-response studies revealed that treatment of mice with Crocetin (50 mg/kg/day) i.g. for 8 days) significantly ameliorated diarrhea and the disruption of colonic architecture. Higher and lower doses (100 and 25 mg/kg/day) did not exhibit comparable effects. In Crocetin-treated mice, a significant reduction was noted in the degree of both neutrophil infiltration (measured as decrease in myeloperoxidase activity) and lipid peroxidation (measured as decrease in malondialdehyde activity) in the inflamed colon. Crocetin also reduced the levels of nitric oxide (NO) associated with the favorable expression of TH1 and TH2 cytokines and inducible NO synthase along with the down regulation of nuclear factor-kB (NFkB). Conclusion: These findings suggest that Crocetin exerts beneficial effects in experimental colitis, and therefore we propose that this carotenoid may have therapeutic implications for human UC and can be administered along with the conventional therapy of UC
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Crocetin improves the insulin resistance induced by high fat diet in rats
British Journal of Pharmacology, 2008Co-Authors: Liang Sheng, Zhiyu Qian, Lina Yang, Y Shi, Bohua ZhaoAbstract:Background and purpose: The amelioration of insulin resistance by treatment with Crocetin is closely related to the hypolipidaemic effect. The present study is designed to clarify the insulin-sensitizing mechanism of Crocetin by elucidating the mechanism of regulation of lipid metabolism by Crocetin. Experimental approach: Rats given a high-fat diet were treated with Crocetin for 6 weeks before hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp. 14C-palmitate was used as tracer to track the fate of non-esterified fatty acids or as substrate to measure β-oxidation rate. Triglyceride clearance in plasma and lipoprotein lipase activity in tissues were tested. Content of lipids in plasma and tissues was determined. Real-time PCR was used to assay the level of mRNA from genes involved in non-esterified fatty acid and triglyceride uptake and oxidation. Key results: Crocetin prevented high-fat-diet induced insulin resistance (increased clamp glucose infusion rate), raised hepatic non-esterified fatty acid uptake and oxidation, accelerated triglyceride clearance in plasma, enhanced lipoprotein lipase activity in liver, and reduced the accumulation of detrimental lipids (DAG and long-chain acyl CoA) in liver and muscle. Genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism which are regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, were modulated to accelerate lipid uptake and oxidation. Conclusions and implications: Through regulating genes involved in lipid metabolism, Crocetin accelerated hepatic uptake and oxidation of non-esterified fatty acid and triglyceride, and reduced lipid availability to muscle, thus decreasing lipid accumulation in muscle and liver, and consequently improving sensitivity to insulin. British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 154, 1016–1024; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.160; published online 12 May 2008