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M. Datta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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energy budget and carbon footprint in a no till and mulch based rice mustard Cropping System
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Gulab Singh Yadav, Raghavendra Singh, Rattan Lal, Anup Das, Poulami Saha, Subhash Babu, Ram Swaroop Meena, M. DattaAbstract:Abstract The increase in emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) due to anthropogenic perturbation in both the agricultural and natural eco-Systems are degrading the environmental quality. Conventional tillage (CT) and residue burning/removal exacerbates the land degradation and GHG emission, and the impacts are much more in the upland ecoSystem than valley lands. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the energy budget, and carbon footprint (CF) of no-till (NT) and mulches under the upland rice (Oryza sativa)–mustard (Brassica campestris var. toria) Cropping System over CT based System to develop a clean production technology for improving the environmental quality and conservingnatural resources. The novelty of the study is that integrated effect of NT, diverse mulches and Cropping System effect has been considered together as a conservation measure for sustainable and clean agricultural practice over those of CT based technologies. The experiment comprised of two tillage Systems as the main-plot and four mulch types as the sub-plot treatments under a split-plot design. Two tillage Systems included: 1. CT-RI: CT with 100% residue incorporation (RI), and 2. NT-RR: NT with 100% residue retention (RR). Four mulch types included: 1. rice straw mulch (SM), 2. green manure (GM) - Gliricidia sp. (a leguminous shrub) mulch, 3. brown manuring (BM) mulch [cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) grown as an intercrop and killed with a spray of 2, 4-D, 40 days after sowing (DAS)] and 4. no mulch (NM) control. The adoption of NT-RR significantly (p = 0.05) reduced the energy use (16,727 MJ/ha) and the cost of production (INR 54,271/ha, 1 US$ = 64.46 INR) compared with those under CT-RI (27,630 MJ/ha and INR 76,903/ha, respectively). Thus, NT-RR also increased the energy use efficiency (EUE), energy productivity (EP), net returns, and reduced CF of the System compared with those under CT-RI. Use of different mulches also increased the energy use efficiency, System productivity, and net returnscompared with those under NM. The total CO2-e emission (CF) was higher under CT-RI (2307 kg CO2-e/ha) as compared to those under NT-RR (2013 kg CO2-e/ha). The savings of fossil fuel from less number of tillage operations and also low emissions associated with energy consumed in manufacture, transport, repair and use of machines contributed to the lowest GWP under NT-RR. Thus, the study supports and recommended that the NT-RR with BM is an environmentally safe and clean production technology for enhancing the energy use efficiency, reducing the CF and cost of production of direct-seeded upland rice-mustard Cropping System in India and similar agro-eco-regions elsewhere in the rice based Cropping System in the world.
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energy budget and carbon footprint in a no till and mulch based rice mustard Cropping System
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Gulab Singh Yadav, Raghavendra Singh, Rattan Lal, Anup Das, Poulami Saha, Subhash Babu, Ram Swaroop Meena, M. DattaAbstract:Abstract The increase in emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) due to anthropogenic perturbation in both the agricultural and natural eco-Systems are degrading the environmental quality. Conventional tillage (CT) and residue burning/removal exacerbates the land degradation and GHG emission, and the impacts are much more in the upland ecoSystem than valley lands. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the energy budget, and carbon footprint (CF) of no-till (NT) and mulches under the upland rice (Oryza sativa)–mustard (Brassica campestris var. toria) Cropping System over CT based System to develop a clean production technology for improving the environmental quality and conservingnatural resources. The novelty of the study is that integrated effect of NT, diverse mulches and Cropping System effect has been considered together as a conservation measure for sustainable and clean agricultural practice over those of CT based technologies. The experiment comprised of two tillage Systems as the main-plot and four mulch types as the sub-plot treatments under a split-plot design. Two tillage Systems included: 1. CT-RI: CT with 100% residue incorporation (RI), and 2. NT-RR: NT with 100% residue retention (RR). Four mulch types included: 1. rice straw mulch (SM), 2. green manure (GM) - Gliricidia sp. (a leguminous shrub) mulch, 3. brown manuring (BM) mulch [cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) grown as an intercrop and killed with a spray of 2, 4-D, 40 days after sowing (DAS)] and 4. no mulch (NM) control. The adoption of NT-RR significantly (p = 0.05) reduced the energy use (16,727 MJ/ha) and the cost of production (INR 54,271/ha, 1 US$ = 64.46 INR) compared with those under CT-RI (27,630 MJ/ha and INR 76,903/ha, respectively). Thus, NT-RR also increased the energy use efficiency (EUE), energy productivity (EP), net returns, and reduced CF of the System compared with those under CT-RI. Use of different mulches also increased the energy use efficiency, System productivity, and net returnscompared with those under NM. The total CO2-e emission (CF) was higher under CT-RI (2307 kg CO2-e/ha) as compared to those under NT-RR (2013 kg CO2-e/ha). The savings of fossil fuel from less number of tillage operations and also low emissions associated with energy consumed in manufacture, transport, repair and use of machines contributed to the lowest GWP under NT-RR. Thus, the study supports and recommended that the NT-RR with BM is an environmentally safe and clean production technology for enhancing the energy use efficiency, reducing the CF and cost of production of direct-seeded upland rice-mustard Cropping System in India and similar agro-eco-regions elsewhere in the rice based Cropping System in the world.
Rattan Lal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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energy budget and carbon footprint in a no till and mulch based rice mustard Cropping System
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Gulab Singh Yadav, Raghavendra Singh, Rattan Lal, Anup Das, Poulami Saha, Subhash Babu, Ram Swaroop Meena, M. DattaAbstract:Abstract The increase in emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) due to anthropogenic perturbation in both the agricultural and natural eco-Systems are degrading the environmental quality. Conventional tillage (CT) and residue burning/removal exacerbates the land degradation and GHG emission, and the impacts are much more in the upland ecoSystem than valley lands. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the energy budget, and carbon footprint (CF) of no-till (NT) and mulches under the upland rice (Oryza sativa)–mustard (Brassica campestris var. toria) Cropping System over CT based System to develop a clean production technology for improving the environmental quality and conservingnatural resources. The novelty of the study is that integrated effect of NT, diverse mulches and Cropping System effect has been considered together as a conservation measure for sustainable and clean agricultural practice over those of CT based technologies. The experiment comprised of two tillage Systems as the main-plot and four mulch types as the sub-plot treatments under a split-plot design. Two tillage Systems included: 1. CT-RI: CT with 100% residue incorporation (RI), and 2. NT-RR: NT with 100% residue retention (RR). Four mulch types included: 1. rice straw mulch (SM), 2. green manure (GM) - Gliricidia sp. (a leguminous shrub) mulch, 3. brown manuring (BM) mulch [cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) grown as an intercrop and killed with a spray of 2, 4-D, 40 days after sowing (DAS)] and 4. no mulch (NM) control. The adoption of NT-RR significantly (p = 0.05) reduced the energy use (16,727 MJ/ha) and the cost of production (INR 54,271/ha, 1 US$ = 64.46 INR) compared with those under CT-RI (27,630 MJ/ha and INR 76,903/ha, respectively). Thus, NT-RR also increased the energy use efficiency (EUE), energy productivity (EP), net returns, and reduced CF of the System compared with those under CT-RI. Use of different mulches also increased the energy use efficiency, System productivity, and net returnscompared with those under NM. The total CO2-e emission (CF) was higher under CT-RI (2307 kg CO2-e/ha) as compared to those under NT-RR (2013 kg CO2-e/ha). The savings of fossil fuel from less number of tillage operations and also low emissions associated with energy consumed in manufacture, transport, repair and use of machines contributed to the lowest GWP under NT-RR. Thus, the study supports and recommended that the NT-RR with BM is an environmentally safe and clean production technology for enhancing the energy use efficiency, reducing the CF and cost of production of direct-seeded upland rice-mustard Cropping System in India and similar agro-eco-regions elsewhere in the rice based Cropping System in the world.
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energy budget and carbon footprint in a no till and mulch based rice mustard Cropping System
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Gulab Singh Yadav, Raghavendra Singh, Rattan Lal, Anup Das, Poulami Saha, Subhash Babu, Ram Swaroop Meena, M. DattaAbstract:Abstract The increase in emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) due to anthropogenic perturbation in both the agricultural and natural eco-Systems are degrading the environmental quality. Conventional tillage (CT) and residue burning/removal exacerbates the land degradation and GHG emission, and the impacts are much more in the upland ecoSystem than valley lands. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the energy budget, and carbon footprint (CF) of no-till (NT) and mulches under the upland rice (Oryza sativa)–mustard (Brassica campestris var. toria) Cropping System over CT based System to develop a clean production technology for improving the environmental quality and conservingnatural resources. The novelty of the study is that integrated effect of NT, diverse mulches and Cropping System effect has been considered together as a conservation measure for sustainable and clean agricultural practice over those of CT based technologies. The experiment comprised of two tillage Systems as the main-plot and four mulch types as the sub-plot treatments under a split-plot design. Two tillage Systems included: 1. CT-RI: CT with 100% residue incorporation (RI), and 2. NT-RR: NT with 100% residue retention (RR). Four mulch types included: 1. rice straw mulch (SM), 2. green manure (GM) - Gliricidia sp. (a leguminous shrub) mulch, 3. brown manuring (BM) mulch [cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) grown as an intercrop and killed with a spray of 2, 4-D, 40 days after sowing (DAS)] and 4. no mulch (NM) control. The adoption of NT-RR significantly (p = 0.05) reduced the energy use (16,727 MJ/ha) and the cost of production (INR 54,271/ha, 1 US$ = 64.46 INR) compared with those under CT-RI (27,630 MJ/ha and INR 76,903/ha, respectively). Thus, NT-RR also increased the energy use efficiency (EUE), energy productivity (EP), net returns, and reduced CF of the System compared with those under CT-RI. Use of different mulches also increased the energy use efficiency, System productivity, and net returnscompared with those under NM. The total CO2-e emission (CF) was higher under CT-RI (2307 kg CO2-e/ha) as compared to those under NT-RR (2013 kg CO2-e/ha). The savings of fossil fuel from less number of tillage operations and also low emissions associated with energy consumed in manufacture, transport, repair and use of machines contributed to the lowest GWP under NT-RR. Thus, the study supports and recommended that the NT-RR with BM is an environmentally safe and clean production technology for enhancing the energy use efficiency, reducing the CF and cost of production of direct-seeded upland rice-mustard Cropping System in India and similar agro-eco-regions elsewhere in the rice based Cropping System in the world.
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effects of waxy maize relay interCropping and residue retention on rhizosphere microbial communities and vegetable yield in a continuous Cropping System
Pedosphere, 2017Co-Authors: Xuepeng Zhang, Li Zengjia, Tangyuan Ning, Huifang Han, Tao Sun, L I Geng, Rattan LalAbstract:Abstract InterCropping and residue retention contribute to high yield and quality of crops. However, their coupled effects on rhizospheric microbial communities under a continuous vegetable Cropping System have not been adequately addressed. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects on soil microbial community and yields of waxy maize (Zea mays L.) intercropped with or without residue retention in a continuous broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) Cropping System, i.e., relay interCropping of broccoli and waxy maize (B/M-B), relay interCropping of broccoli and waxy maize with residue retention (B/MR-B), and broccoli monoculture (B-B). The biomass yields of spring and autumn vegetables in B/MR-B were 16.3%–32.5% and 30.1%–46.1% higher than those of B-B, respectively. Autumn vegetable economic yields of B/MR-B were 28.2%–40.3% higher than B-B. The average well color development followed the order: B/MR-B > B/M-B > B-B. The Shannon index, Simpson index, and McIntosh index were higher in B/MR-B than under monoculture. A principal component analysis showed that microbial communities of B/MR-B soils differed from those of B/M-B and B-B soils. Carbon (C) sources utilized by the rhizosphere microorganisms were mainly carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, amino acids, and polymers; however, the C sources for the soil microbial community differed between interCropping and monoculture. The communities from B/MR-B preferred amino acids and polymers. Available nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) had an obvious impact on soil microbial community. Additionally, the C source utilization by microorganisms was significantly affected by pH and available K and P. Cropping System diversification through relay interCropping and residue retention effectively improved the functional diversity of the soil microbial communities and increased the yields of vegetables.
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assessment of carbon sustainability under different tillage Systems in a double rice Cropping System in southern china
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2014Co-Authors: Jianfu Xue, Rattan Lal, Shengli Liu, Zhongdu Chen, Fu Chen, Haiming Tang, Hailin ZhangAbstract:Adoption of the carbon (C)-friendly and cleaner technology is an effective solution to offset some of the anthropogenic emissions. Conservation tillage is widely considered as an important sustainable technology and for the development of conservation agriculture (CA). Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the C sustainability of different tillage Systems in a double rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cropping System in southern China. The experiment was established with no-till (NT), rotary tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT) treatments since 2005. Emission of greenhouse gasses (GHG), C footprint (CF), and ecoSystem service through C sequestration in different tillage Systems were compared. Emission of GHG from agricultural inputs (Mg CO2-eq ha−1 year−1) ranged from 1.81 to 1.97 for the early rice, 1.82 to 1.98 for the late rice, and 3.63 to 3.95 for the whole growing season, respectively. The CF (kg CO2-eq kg−1 of rice year−1) in the whole growing seasons were 1.27, 1.85, and 1.40 [excluding soil organic carbon (SOC) storage] and 0.54, 1.20, and 0.72 (including SOC storage) for NT, RT, and CT, respectively. The value of ecoSystem services on C sequestration for the whole growing seasons ranged from ¥3,353 to 4,948 ha−1 year−1 and followed the order of NT > CT > RT. The C sustainability under NT was better than that under RT for the late, but reversed for the early rice. However, NT System had better C sustainability for the whole Cropping System compared with CT. Therefore, NT is a preferred technology to reduce GHG emissions, increase ecoSystem service functions of C sequestration, and improve C sustainability in a double rice Cropping region of Southern China.
Fengshan Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling crop growth and land surface energy fluxes in wheat maize double Cropping System in the north china plain
Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2020Co-Authors: Fengshan Liu, Chen Ying, Xiao Dengpan, Bai Huizi, Tao Fulu, Ge QuanshengAbstract:The land surface characteristic influences climatic environments by controlling the land surface energy and water fluxes. Although large progresses have been made in coupling detailed crop models into land surface models, there is much room left for improved estimates of surface fluxes in double Cropping System, such as the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–summer maize (Zea mays L.) System under intensive influences of climate change and human activities in the North China Plain (NCP). Here, we modeled the growth and surface fluxes in winter wheat–summer maize double Cropping System in the NCP through modified SiBcrop model. The parameters related with the crop growth in winter wheat and maize sub-models were emphasized to better simulate the seasonal dynamics of phenology phase, leaf area index (LAI), and latent (LH) and sensible (SH) heat fluxes. Observational data for phenology, LAI, and energy fluxes were compiled from Yucheng and Guantao stations, to calibrate and validate the SiBcrop model. The results showed that the adjusted SiBcrop captured better the seasonal dynamics of phenology, LAI, LH, and SH, relative to the original code. The largest biases in model results were in SH when horizontal advection prevails and in LH when there is summer maize senescence. Sensitivity analysis illustrated that growth duration, emergence date, LH, SH, and Bowen ratio were quite sensitive to sowing date of wheat, and growth duration and emergence and harvest dates to sowing of maize. The calibrated SiBcrop also simulated the LH and SH well at Guantao station. The adjusted SiBcrop is capable of assessing the responses of surface biophysical processes to the changes of human management and climate change in the double Cropping System in the NCP.
Gulab Singh Yadav - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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energy budget and carbon footprint in a no till and mulch based rice mustard Cropping System
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Gulab Singh Yadav, Raghavendra Singh, Rattan Lal, Anup Das, Poulami Saha, Subhash Babu, Ram Swaroop Meena, M. DattaAbstract:Abstract The increase in emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) due to anthropogenic perturbation in both the agricultural and natural eco-Systems are degrading the environmental quality. Conventional tillage (CT) and residue burning/removal exacerbates the land degradation and GHG emission, and the impacts are much more in the upland ecoSystem than valley lands. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the energy budget, and carbon footprint (CF) of no-till (NT) and mulches under the upland rice (Oryza sativa)–mustard (Brassica campestris var. toria) Cropping System over CT based System to develop a clean production technology for improving the environmental quality and conservingnatural resources. The novelty of the study is that integrated effect of NT, diverse mulches and Cropping System effect has been considered together as a conservation measure for sustainable and clean agricultural practice over those of CT based technologies. The experiment comprised of two tillage Systems as the main-plot and four mulch types as the sub-plot treatments under a split-plot design. Two tillage Systems included: 1. CT-RI: CT with 100% residue incorporation (RI), and 2. NT-RR: NT with 100% residue retention (RR). Four mulch types included: 1. rice straw mulch (SM), 2. green manure (GM) - Gliricidia sp. (a leguminous shrub) mulch, 3. brown manuring (BM) mulch [cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) grown as an intercrop and killed with a spray of 2, 4-D, 40 days after sowing (DAS)] and 4. no mulch (NM) control. The adoption of NT-RR significantly (p = 0.05) reduced the energy use (16,727 MJ/ha) and the cost of production (INR 54,271/ha, 1 US$ = 64.46 INR) compared with those under CT-RI (27,630 MJ/ha and INR 76,903/ha, respectively). Thus, NT-RR also increased the energy use efficiency (EUE), energy productivity (EP), net returns, and reduced CF of the System compared with those under CT-RI. Use of different mulches also increased the energy use efficiency, System productivity, and net returnscompared with those under NM. The total CO2-e emission (CF) was higher under CT-RI (2307 kg CO2-e/ha) as compared to those under NT-RR (2013 kg CO2-e/ha). The savings of fossil fuel from less number of tillage operations and also low emissions associated with energy consumed in manufacture, transport, repair and use of machines contributed to the lowest GWP under NT-RR. Thus, the study supports and recommended that the NT-RR with BM is an environmentally safe and clean production technology for enhancing the energy use efficiency, reducing the CF and cost of production of direct-seeded upland rice-mustard Cropping System in India and similar agro-eco-regions elsewhere in the rice based Cropping System in the world.
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energy budget and carbon footprint in a no till and mulch based rice mustard Cropping System
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Gulab Singh Yadav, Raghavendra Singh, Rattan Lal, Anup Das, Poulami Saha, Subhash Babu, Ram Swaroop Meena, M. DattaAbstract:Abstract The increase in emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) due to anthropogenic perturbation in both the agricultural and natural eco-Systems are degrading the environmental quality. Conventional tillage (CT) and residue burning/removal exacerbates the land degradation and GHG emission, and the impacts are much more in the upland ecoSystem than valley lands. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the energy budget, and carbon footprint (CF) of no-till (NT) and mulches under the upland rice (Oryza sativa)–mustard (Brassica campestris var. toria) Cropping System over CT based System to develop a clean production technology for improving the environmental quality and conservingnatural resources. The novelty of the study is that integrated effect of NT, diverse mulches and Cropping System effect has been considered together as a conservation measure for sustainable and clean agricultural practice over those of CT based technologies. The experiment comprised of two tillage Systems as the main-plot and four mulch types as the sub-plot treatments under a split-plot design. Two tillage Systems included: 1. CT-RI: CT with 100% residue incorporation (RI), and 2. NT-RR: NT with 100% residue retention (RR). Four mulch types included: 1. rice straw mulch (SM), 2. green manure (GM) - Gliricidia sp. (a leguminous shrub) mulch, 3. brown manuring (BM) mulch [cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) grown as an intercrop and killed with a spray of 2, 4-D, 40 days after sowing (DAS)] and 4. no mulch (NM) control. The adoption of NT-RR significantly (p = 0.05) reduced the energy use (16,727 MJ/ha) and the cost of production (INR 54,271/ha, 1 US$ = 64.46 INR) compared with those under CT-RI (27,630 MJ/ha and INR 76,903/ha, respectively). Thus, NT-RR also increased the energy use efficiency (EUE), energy productivity (EP), net returns, and reduced CF of the System compared with those under CT-RI. Use of different mulches also increased the energy use efficiency, System productivity, and net returnscompared with those under NM. The total CO2-e emission (CF) was higher under CT-RI (2307 kg CO2-e/ha) as compared to those under NT-RR (2013 kg CO2-e/ha). The savings of fossil fuel from less number of tillage operations and also low emissions associated with energy consumed in manufacture, transport, repair and use of machines contributed to the lowest GWP under NT-RR. Thus, the study supports and recommended that the NT-RR with BM is an environmentally safe and clean production technology for enhancing the energy use efficiency, reducing the CF and cost of production of direct-seeded upland rice-mustard Cropping System in India and similar agro-eco-regions elsewhere in the rice based Cropping System in the world.
Lajpat R Ahuja - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling nitrogen and water management effects in a wheat maize double Cropping System
Journal of Environmental Quality, 2008Co-Authors: Quanxiao Fang, Robert W Malone, S A Saseendran, Lajpat R AhujaAbstract:Excessive N and water use in agriculture causes environmental degradation and can potentially jeopardize the sustainability of the System. A field study was conducted from 2000 to 2002 to study the effects of four N treatments (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg N ha(-1) per crop) on a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Z a mays L.) double Cropping System under 70 +/- 15% field capacity in the North China Plain (NCP). The root zone water quality model (RZWQM), with the crop estimation through resource and environment synthesis (CERES) plant growth modules incorporated, was evaluated for its simulation of crop production, Soil water, and N leaching in the double Cropping System. Soil water content, biomass, and grain yield were better simulated with normalized root mean square errors (NRMSE, RMSE divided by mean observed value) from 0.11 to 0.15 than soil NO3-N and plant N uptake that had NRMSE from 0.19 to 0.43 across these treatments. The long-term simulation with historical weather data showed that, at 200 kg N ha(-1) per crop application rate, auto-irrigation triggered at 50% of the field capacity and recharged to 60% field capacity in the 0- to 50-cm soil profile were adequate for obtaining acceptable yield levels in this intensified double Cropping System. Results also showed potential savings of more than 30% of the current N application rates per crop from 300 to 200 kg N ha(-1), which could reduce about 60% of the N leaching without compromising crop yields.
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evaluating nitrogen and water management in a double Cropping System using rzwqm
Vadose Zone Journal, 2006Co-Authors: S A Saseendran, Timothy R Green, Lajpat R AhujaAbstract:Simulation of water and nutrient processes can enhance intensive agriculture to help feed the world9s population in a sustainable manner. Due to excessive N application, environmental protection and agricultural sustainability have become major issues in agriculture. In this study, we calibrated and tested the RZWQM model to assess N management in a double-Cropping System comprised of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and corn ( Zea mays L.) at Luancheng, in the North China Plain. Data, including biomass, grain yield, soil water, and soil and crop N, were used from 2001–2003 field trials applying 200 to 800 kg N ha −1 yr −1 for five Cropping seasons. In general, soil water, biomass, and grain yields were predicted better than plant N uptake or soil residual N. Once it had been tested and used to improve the understanding of N processes in this Cropping System, the model was further used to evaluate the effects of alternative water and N management scenarios on N leaching. Typical application rates of both water and N could be reduced by about half based on these results, which would have high economic, social, and environmental impacts in China. The results also demonstrate the potential of RZWQM for evaluating N and water management practices in other regions and climates of the world with intensive agriculture.