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Christine B Ambrosone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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total isothiocyanate yield from raw Cruciferous Vegetables commonly consumed in the united states
Journal of Functional Foods, 2013Co-Authors: Li Tang, Yuesheng Zhang, Christine B Ambrosone, Joseph D Paonessa, Susan E MccannAbstract:Dietary isothiocyanates are a group of promising chemopreventive agents obtained primarily from Cruciferous Vegetables. Due to their potent chemopreventive and/or anti-cancer activities, there is a growing interest in assessing dietary isothiocyanate exposure and its impact on human health. Using the HPLC-based cyclocondensation assay, the current study measured total isothiocyanate yield from raw Cruciferous Vegetables. A total of 73 samples comprising nine types of Cruciferous Vegetables were analyzed. We observed a wide range of isothiocyanate content across the individual Vegetables with an average level of 16.2 μmol/100g wet weight, ranging from 1.5 μmol in raw cauliflower to 61.3 μmol in raw mustard greens. The data represent the maximum amount of isothiocyanates released from the intake of raw Cruciferous Vegetables. Given that the Vegetables assayed in this study include the most commonly consumed Cruciferous Vegetables in western diets, the data may be particularly useful in estimation of dietary isothiocyanate exposure in these populations. However, due to the variation observed within each vegetable, biomarkers such as urinary isothiocyanate level may be necessary for accurate estimation of individual exposure.
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intake of Cruciferous Vegetables modifies bladder cancer survival
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2010Co-Authors: Li Tang, Gary Zirpoli, Khurshid A Guru, Kirsten B Moysich, Yuesheng Zhang, Christine B Ambrosone, Susan E MccannAbstract:Background: Intake of Cruciferous Vegetables, a rich source of dietary isothiocyanates, has been inversely associated with risk of bladder cancer. Due to the potent antiproliferative effects of dietary isothiocyanates on bladder cancer in in vitro and in vivo models, Cruciferous vegetable intake may also play a role in survival among patients with bladder cancer. Methods: Using information obtained from the Roswell Park Cancer Institute Tumor Registry, patient medical records, and routinely collected questionnaire data, we examined potential associations between intake of Cruciferous Vegetables and survival among bladder cancer patients. As cooking can substantially reduce or destroy isothiocyanates, consumption of raw versus cooked Cruciferous Vegetables was examined separately. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: A total of 239 bladder cancer patients were included in the study. After an average of 8 years of follow-up, 179 deaths occurred, with 101 deaths attributable to bladder cancer. After adjustment for other prognostic factors, a strong and significant inverse association was observed between bladder cancer mortality and broccoli intake, in particular raw broccoli intake (≥1 versus <1 serving per month; HR for overall death, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.39-0.83; HR for disease-specific death, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25-0.74). There were no significant associations for total Vegetables, total fruits, or other individual Cruciferous Vegetables. Conclusions: Considering the strong preclinical evidence, intake of broccoli may improve bladder cancer survival. Impact: Further prospective investigation is warranted to confirm the potential role of Cruciferous Vegetables in bladder cancer prognosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(7); 1806–11. ©2010 AACR.
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consumption of raw Cruciferous Vegetables is inversely associated with bladder cancer risk
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2008Co-Authors: Li Tang, Gary Zirpoli, Khurshid A Guru, Kirsten B Moysich, Yuesheng Zhang, Christine B Ambrosone, Susan E MccannAbstract:Cruciferous Vegetables contain isothiocyanates, which show potent chemopreventive activity against bladder cancer in both in vitro and in vivo studies. However, previous epidemiologic studies investigating Cruciferous vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk have been inconsistent. Cooking can substantially reduce or destroy isothiocyanates, and could account for study inconsistencies. In this hospital-based case-control study involving 275 individuals with incident, primary bladder cancer and 825 individuals without cancer, we examined the usual prediagnostic intake of raw and cooked Cruciferous Vegetables in relation to bladder cancer risk. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for smoking and other bladder cancer risk factors. We observed a strong and statistically significant inverse association between bladder cancer risk and raw Cruciferous vegetable intake (adjusted OR for highest versus lowest category = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.97), with a significant trend (P = 0.003); there were no significant associations for fruit, total Vegetables, or total Cruciferous Vegetables. The associations observed for total raw crucifers were also observed for individual raw crucifers. The inverse association remained significant among current and heavy smokers with three or more servings per month of raw Cruciferous Vegetables (adjusted ORs, 0.46 and 0.60; 95% CI, 0.23-0.93 and 0.38-0.93, respectively). These data suggest that Cruciferous Vegetables, when consumed raw, may reduce the risk of bladder cancer, an effect consistent with the role of dietary isothiocyanates as chemopreventive agents against bladder cancer.
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breast cancer risk in premenopausal women is inversely associated with consumption of broccoli a source of isothiocyanates but is not modified by gst genotype
Journal of Nutrition, 2004Co-Authors: Christine B Ambrosone, Susan E Mccann, Jo L Freudenheim, Peter G Shields, Yueshang Zhang, James R MarshallAbstract:The role of vegetable consumption in relation to breast cancer risk is controversial. Anticarcinogenic compounds may be present only in specific Vegetables, thereby attenuating findings for total vegetable intake. Cruciferous Vegetables contain precursors of isothiocyanates (ITCs), which may be chemopreventive through potent inhibition of phase I, and induction of phase II enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). We investigated associations between consumption of Cruciferous Vegetables, sources of ITCs, and breast cancer risk, and potential modification of relations by GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes. Cases (n = 740) were Caucasian women with incident breast cancer identified from all major hospitals in Erie and Niagara counties. Community controls (n = 810) were frequency matched to cases by age and county. An in-depth interview including a validated FFQ was administered in person. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% Cls were used to estimate relative risks. Consumption of Cruciferous Vegetables, particularly broccoli, was marginally inversely associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women [4th quartile OR = 0.6, 95% Cl (0.40-1.01), P = 0.058]. Associations were weaker or null among postmenopausal women. No significant effects of GST genotype on risk were observed in either menopausal group. These data indicate that Cruciferous Vegetables may play an important role in decreasing the risk of premenopausal breast cancer.
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Cruciferous Vegetables genetic polymorphisms in glutathione s transferases m1 and t1 and prostate cancer risk
Nutrition and Cancer, 2004Co-Authors: Michael A Joseph, Kirsten B Moysich, Jo L Freudenheim, Peter G Shields, Elise D Bowman, Yueshang Zhang, James R Marshall, Christine B AmbrosoneAbstract:Cruciferous Vegetables contain anticarcinogenic isothiocyanates (ITCs), particularly the potent sulforaphane, which may decrease risk of prostate cancer through induction of phase II enzymes, including glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). We evaluated this hypothesis in a population-based, case-control study of prostate cancer, including 428 men with incident prostate cancer and 537 community controls. An in-person interview included an extensive food-frequency questionnaire. Genotyping for deletions in GSTM1 and GSTT1 was performed in a subset of men who provided blood. Intakes of Cruciferous Vegetables and of broccoli, the greatest source of sulforaphane, were associated with decreased prostate cancer risk at all levels above the lowest consumers [adjusted 4th quartile odds ratio (OR)=0.58; 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.38, 0.89, and 0.72 (95% CI=0.49, 1.06)], respectively. In relation to genotypes, there was a nonsignificant increase in risk with the GSTT1 null genotype (OR=1.51; 95% CI=0.98, 2.31) but no effects of GSTM1 genotype. However, men with GSTM1-present genotype and high broccoli intake had the greatest reduction in risk (OR=0.49; 95% CI=0.27, 0.89). Our findings provide evidence that two or more servings per month of Cruciferous Vegetables may reduce risk of prostate cancer, especially among men with GSTM1-present alleles, and are consistent with a role of dietary ITCs as chemopreventive agents against prostate cancer.
Susan E Mccann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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total isothiocyanate yield from raw Cruciferous Vegetables commonly consumed in the united states
Journal of Functional Foods, 2013Co-Authors: Li Tang, Yuesheng Zhang, Christine B Ambrosone, Joseph D Paonessa, Susan E MccannAbstract:Dietary isothiocyanates are a group of promising chemopreventive agents obtained primarily from Cruciferous Vegetables. Due to their potent chemopreventive and/or anti-cancer activities, there is a growing interest in assessing dietary isothiocyanate exposure and its impact on human health. Using the HPLC-based cyclocondensation assay, the current study measured total isothiocyanate yield from raw Cruciferous Vegetables. A total of 73 samples comprising nine types of Cruciferous Vegetables were analyzed. We observed a wide range of isothiocyanate content across the individual Vegetables with an average level of 16.2 μmol/100g wet weight, ranging from 1.5 μmol in raw cauliflower to 61.3 μmol in raw mustard greens. The data represent the maximum amount of isothiocyanates released from the intake of raw Cruciferous Vegetables. Given that the Vegetables assayed in this study include the most commonly consumed Cruciferous Vegetables in western diets, the data may be particularly useful in estimation of dietary isothiocyanate exposure in these populations. However, due to the variation observed within each vegetable, biomarkers such as urinary isothiocyanate level may be necessary for accurate estimation of individual exposure.
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intake of Cruciferous Vegetables modifies bladder cancer survival
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2010Co-Authors: Li Tang, Gary Zirpoli, Khurshid A Guru, Kirsten B Moysich, Yuesheng Zhang, Christine B Ambrosone, Susan E MccannAbstract:Background: Intake of Cruciferous Vegetables, a rich source of dietary isothiocyanates, has been inversely associated with risk of bladder cancer. Due to the potent antiproliferative effects of dietary isothiocyanates on bladder cancer in in vitro and in vivo models, Cruciferous vegetable intake may also play a role in survival among patients with bladder cancer. Methods: Using information obtained from the Roswell Park Cancer Institute Tumor Registry, patient medical records, and routinely collected questionnaire data, we examined potential associations between intake of Cruciferous Vegetables and survival among bladder cancer patients. As cooking can substantially reduce or destroy isothiocyanates, consumption of raw versus cooked Cruciferous Vegetables was examined separately. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: A total of 239 bladder cancer patients were included in the study. After an average of 8 years of follow-up, 179 deaths occurred, with 101 deaths attributable to bladder cancer. After adjustment for other prognostic factors, a strong and significant inverse association was observed between bladder cancer mortality and broccoli intake, in particular raw broccoli intake (≥1 versus <1 serving per month; HR for overall death, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.39-0.83; HR for disease-specific death, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25-0.74). There were no significant associations for total Vegetables, total fruits, or other individual Cruciferous Vegetables. Conclusions: Considering the strong preclinical evidence, intake of broccoli may improve bladder cancer survival. Impact: Further prospective investigation is warranted to confirm the potential role of Cruciferous Vegetables in bladder cancer prognosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(7); 1806–11. ©2010 AACR.
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consumption of raw Cruciferous Vegetables is inversely associated with bladder cancer risk
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2008Co-Authors: Li Tang, Gary Zirpoli, Khurshid A Guru, Kirsten B Moysich, Yuesheng Zhang, Christine B Ambrosone, Susan E MccannAbstract:Cruciferous Vegetables contain isothiocyanates, which show potent chemopreventive activity against bladder cancer in both in vitro and in vivo studies. However, previous epidemiologic studies investigating Cruciferous vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk have been inconsistent. Cooking can substantially reduce or destroy isothiocyanates, and could account for study inconsistencies. In this hospital-based case-control study involving 275 individuals with incident, primary bladder cancer and 825 individuals without cancer, we examined the usual prediagnostic intake of raw and cooked Cruciferous Vegetables in relation to bladder cancer risk. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for smoking and other bladder cancer risk factors. We observed a strong and statistically significant inverse association between bladder cancer risk and raw Cruciferous vegetable intake (adjusted OR for highest versus lowest category = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.97), with a significant trend (P = 0.003); there were no significant associations for fruit, total Vegetables, or total Cruciferous Vegetables. The associations observed for total raw crucifers were also observed for individual raw crucifers. The inverse association remained significant among current and heavy smokers with three or more servings per month of raw Cruciferous Vegetables (adjusted ORs, 0.46 and 0.60; 95% CI, 0.23-0.93 and 0.38-0.93, respectively). These data suggest that Cruciferous Vegetables, when consumed raw, may reduce the risk of bladder cancer, an effect consistent with the role of dietary isothiocyanates as chemopreventive agents against bladder cancer.
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breast cancer risk in premenopausal women is inversely associated with consumption of broccoli a source of isothiocyanates but is not modified by gst genotype
Journal of Nutrition, 2004Co-Authors: Christine B Ambrosone, Susan E Mccann, Jo L Freudenheim, Peter G Shields, Yueshang Zhang, James R MarshallAbstract:The role of vegetable consumption in relation to breast cancer risk is controversial. Anticarcinogenic compounds may be present only in specific Vegetables, thereby attenuating findings for total vegetable intake. Cruciferous Vegetables contain precursors of isothiocyanates (ITCs), which may be chemopreventive through potent inhibition of phase I, and induction of phase II enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). We investigated associations between consumption of Cruciferous Vegetables, sources of ITCs, and breast cancer risk, and potential modification of relations by GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes. Cases (n = 740) were Caucasian women with incident breast cancer identified from all major hospitals in Erie and Niagara counties. Community controls (n = 810) were frequency matched to cases by age and county. An in-depth interview including a validated FFQ was administered in person. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% Cls were used to estimate relative risks. Consumption of Cruciferous Vegetables, particularly broccoli, was marginally inversely associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women [4th quartile OR = 0.6, 95% Cl (0.40-1.01), P = 0.058]. Associations were weaker or null among postmenopausal women. No significant effects of GST genotype on risk were observed in either menopausal group. These data indicate that Cruciferous Vegetables may play an important role in decreasing the risk of premenopausal breast cancer.
Liping Xie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cruciferous Vegetables consumption and risk of renal cell carcinoma a meta analysis
Nutrition and Cancer, 2013Co-Authors: Ben Liu, Qiqi Mao, Xiao Wang, Feng Zhou, Jindan Luo, Chaojun Wang, Yiwei Lin, Xiangyi Zheng, Liping XieAbstract:Previous cohort and case-control studies on the association between Cruciferous Vegetables consumption and risk of renal cell carcinoma have illustrated conflicting results so far. To demonstrate the potential association between them, a meta-analysis was performed. Eligible studies were retrieved via both computerized searches and review of references. The summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the highest vs. the lowest consumption of Cruciferous Vegetables were calculated. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also evaluated. Stratified analyses were performed as well. Three cohort and 7 case-control studies were included. A significantly decreased risk with renal cell carcinoma was observed in overall Cruciferous Vegetables consumption group (RR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.63-0.83) and subgroup of case-control studies (RR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60-0.78), but not in cohort studies (RR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.71-1.21). No heterogeneity and publication bias were detected across studies. Our findings supported that Cruciferous Vegetables consumption was related to the decreased risk of renal cell carcinoma. Because of the limited number of studies, further well-designed prospective studies and researches need to be conducted to better clarify the protective effect of Cruciferous Vegetables on renal cell carcinoma and potential mechanism.
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Cruciferous Vegetables consumption and the risk of female lung cancer a prospective study and a meta analysis
Annals of Oncology, 2013Co-Authors: Liping Xie, Gong Yang, Wei Zheng, Yu-tang Gao, Xiao-ou Shu, Emily Vogtmann, Yong-bing XiangAbstract:Abstract Background Epidemiological studies evaluating the association between Cruciferous Vegetables (CVs) intake and female lung cancer risk have produced inconsistent results. Patients and methods This study followed 74 914 Chinese women aged 40–70 years who participated in the Shanghai Women's Health Study. CV intake was assessed through a validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at baseline and reassessed during follow-up. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) were estimated by using Cox proportional hazards models. Furthermore, we carried out a meta-analysis of all observational studies until December 2011. Results After excluding the first 2 years of follow-up, 417 women developed lung cancer over a mean of 11.1 years of follow-up. An inverse association of borderline statistical significance was observed between CV consumption and female lung cancer risk, with HR for the highest compared with the lowest quartiles of 0.73 (95% CI 0.54–1.00, P trend = 0.1607). The association was strengthened in analyses restricting to never smokers, with the corresponding HR of 0.59 (95% CI 0.40–0.87, P trend = 0.0510). The finding of an inverse association between CV intake and lung cancer risk in women was supported by our meta-analysis of 10 included studies. Conclusions Our study suggests that CV consumption may reduce the risk of lung cancer in women, particularly among never smokers.
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the association of Cruciferous Vegetables intake and risk of bladder cancer a meta analysis
World Journal of Urology, 2013Co-Authors: Ben Liu, Qiqi Mao, Feng Zhou, Yiwei Lin, Liping XieAbstract:Objective This meta-analysis of cohort and case–control studies was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between Cruciferous Vegetables intake and risk of bladder cancer.
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Cruciferous Vegetables intake and risk of prostate cancer a meta analysis
International Journal of Urology, 2012Co-Authors: Ben Liu, Qiqi Mao, Min Cao, Liping XieAbstract:Objective: To evaluate the relationship between Cruciferous Vegetables intake and risk of prostate cancer. Methods: A systematic literature search up to June 2011 was carried out in PubMed, and the references of retrieved articles were screened. The summary relative risks with 95% confidence interval for the highest versus the lowest intake of Cruciferous Vegetables were calculated. Heterogeneity and publication bias were also evaluated. Results: Seven cohort and six population-based case–control studies met the inclusion criteria of the meta-analysis. A significantly decreased prostate cancer risk was observed overall in the Cruciferous Vegetables intake group (relative risks = 0.90; 95% confidence interval 0.85–0.96) and the subgroup of case–control studies (relative risks = 0.79; 95% confidence interval 0.69–0.89), but not in cohort studies (relative risks = 0.95; 95% confidence interval 0.88–1.02). No heterogeneity and publication bias were detected across studies. Conclusion: Cruciferous Vegetables intake is related to the decreased risk of prostate cancer. Because of the limited number of studies, further prospective studies are needed to explore the protective effect of Cruciferous Vegetables on prostate cancer.
Daniel D. Gallaher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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apiaceous and Cruciferous Vegetables fed during the post initiation stage reduce colon cancer risk markers in rats
Journal of Nutrition, 2019Co-Authors: Sangyub Kim, Sabrina P. Trudo, Daniel D. GallaherAbstract:BACKGROUND Vegetable consumption reduces colon cancer risk when fed in the initiation stage of carcinogenesis; however, the effect of vegetable consumption during the post-initiation stage has rarely been examined. OBJECTIVE We investigated the chemopreventive effects of feeding apiaceous and Cruciferous Vegetables on colon cancer risk in the post-initiation stage. METHODS Thirty male Wistar rats (∼5 wk, 92 g) were subcutaneously injected with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine 1 time/wk for 2 wk. One week after the last dose, rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: the basal diet, an apiaceous vegetable-containing diet (API; 21% fresh wt/wt), or a Cruciferous vegetable-containing diet (CRU; 21% fresh wt/wt). All diets contained ∼20% protein, 7% fat, and 63% digestible carbohydrate. Experimental diets were fed for 10 wk, after which colons were harvested. RESULTS CRU reduced aberrant crypt foci (ACF) number compared to the basal group (P = 0.014) and API (P = 0.013), whereas API decreased the proportion of dysplastic ACF relative to the basal group (P < 0.05). Both CRU and API reduced doublecortin-like kinase 1-positive marker expression relative to basal by 57.9% (P = 0.009) and 51.4% (P < 0.02). The numbers of CD44-positive ACF did not differ between the groups. We identified 14 differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs). Of these, expression of 6 miRNAs were greater or tended to be greater (P ≤ 0.10) in one or both vegetable-containing groups compared to the basal group. Bioinformatic analysis of these expression changes in miRNA predicted a change in WNT/β-catenin signaling, indicating downregulation of β-catenin in the vegetable-fed groups. Consistent with this bioinformatics analysis, β-catenin-accumulated ACF were decreased in CRU (93.1%, P = 0.012), but not in API (54.4%, P = 0.125), compared to the basal group. CONCLUSION Both apiaceous and Cruciferous Vegetables, fed post-initiation, reduce colonic preneoplastic lesions as well as cancer stem cell marker expression in rats, possibly by suppressing oncogenic signaling through changes in miRNA expression.
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phenethyl isothiocyanate and indole 3 carbinol from Cruciferous Vegetables but not furanocoumarins from apiaceous Vegetables reduced phip induced dna adducts in wistar rats
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, 2016Co-Authors: Jae Kyeom Kim, Daniel D. Gallaher, Chi Chen, Cynthia M Gallaher, Dan Yao, Sabrina P. TrudoAbstract:cope We previously showed that apiaceous but not Cruciferous Vegetables reduced DNA adducts formed by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4, 5-b]pyridine (PhIP) in rats. Here, we report the effects of the putative chemopreventive phytochemicals from these Vegetables on PhIP metabolism and DNA adduct formation. Methods and results Rats received three supplemented diets: P + I (phenethyl isothiocyanate and indole-3-carbinol), furanocoumarins (FC, 5-methoxypsoralen, 8-methoxypsoralen, and isopimpinellin), and combination (P + I and FC). Phytochemical supplementation matched the levels in Vegetables fed in our previous study. After 6 days, rats were injected with PhIP (10 mg/kg body wt) and killed after 24-h urine collection. Compared to the control, P + I increased activity of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 (10.1-fold), CYP1A2 (3.62-fold), and sulfotransferase 1A1 (2.70-fold). The combination diet also increased CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 activity. Urinary metabolomics revealed that PhIP metabolite profiles generally agreed with biotransformation enzyme activities. P + I and combination diets reduced PhIP-DNA adducts by 43.5 and 24.1%, respectively, whereas FC had no effect on adducts, compared to the control diet. Conclusion Effects of phytochemicals on metabolic outcomes and markers of carcinogenesis might differ from fresh Vegetables, thus limiting the inferences that one can draw from the effects of purified phytochemicals on the health benefits of the Vegetables from which they derive.
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apiaceous and Cruciferous Vegetables fed in the post initiation stage have different effects on colonic preneoplastic lesions in the rat
The FASEB Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Sangyub Kim, Sabrina P. Trudo, Daniel D. GallaherAbstract:Previously, we found that Cruciferous Vegetables reduced colonic preneoplastic lesions (aberrant crypt foci; ACF) in rats when fed during both the initiation and post-initiation stage of colon canc...
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Development and Validation of a Spectrophotometric Method for Quantification of Total Glucosinolates in Cruciferous Vegetables
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2012Co-Authors: Courtney M. Gallaher, Daniel D. Gallaher, Sabrina PetersonAbstract:Given their putative role in chemoprevention, validated methods are needed for quantification of total glucosinolates. Based on the colorimetric reaction of ferricyanide with 1-thioglucose, released by alkaline hydrolysis of glucosinolates, we developed a simple and sensitive method for spectrophotometric quantification of total glucosinolates in Cruciferous Vegetables. Lyophilized and ground Vegetables are extracted with 80% boiling methanol. Extracted glucosinolates are isolated using a strong anion exchange column and then hydrolyzed with 2 N NaOH to release 1-thioglucose. Ferricyanide is added, and the decrease in absorbance is measured at 420 nm, with final values adjusted for background. Recovery of internal standard (sinigrin) was 107%. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 5.4% and 15.8%, respectively. Dose response was linear with sinigrin and amount of plant material extracted (R2 ≥ 0.99). Using sinigrin, the lower limit of quantification was 0.6 mg. This straightforward method ma...
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Cruciferous Vegetables Reduce Morphological Markers of Colon Cancer Risk in Dimethylhydrazine-Treated Rats
The Journal of nutrition, 2008Co-Authors: Andrea Y. Arikawa, Daniel D. GallaherAbstract:Consumption of Cruciferous Vegetables has been associated with reduced colon cancer risk in human populations. However, little experimental evidence exists to support this association. Here, we report the effects of diets containing Cruciferous Vegetables on colon cancer risk. In Expt. 1, rats were fed a vegetable-free (basal) diet or diets containing different lyophilized Cruciferous Vegetables in concentrations between 4 and 10%. In Expt. 2, rats were fed the basal diet or diets containing 10-22.6% fresh Cruciferous Vegetables. Diets were fed for 2 wk (Expt. 1) or 3 wk (Expt. 2) before and 7 wk (Expt. 1) or 12 wk (Expt. 2) after administration of the colon carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. Rats fed fresh Vegetables were also injected with a low dose of carcinogen 18-24 h prior to termination. Groups fed lyophilized Vegetables did not differ in aberrant crypt foci (ACF), sialomucin-producing foci, or mucin-depleted foci (MDF) numbers. However, all fresh vegetable diets significantly decreased ACF (approximately 40%) and MDF numbers. Activities of the hepatic phase I enzyme CYP2E1 did not differ among groups in either experiment. Hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) and quinone reductase activities did not differ among groups fed fresh Vegetables, whereas the lyophilized cabbage diets decreased GST activity compared with the basal diet. Groups did not differ in apoptosis and cell proliferation labeling indices in colonic mucosa. This study indicates that fresh but not lyophilized Cruciferous Vegetables reduce colon cancer risk in rats. These results do not support changes in hepatic carcinogen metabolism or colonic crypt cytokinetics as a mechanism.
Li Tang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cruciferous Vegetables isothiocyanates and prevention of bladder cancer
Current Pharmacology Reports, 2015Co-Authors: Omkara L Veeranki, Li Tang, James R Marshall, Arup Bhattacharya, Yuesheng ZhangAbstract:Approximately 80% of human bladder cancers (BC) are non-muscle invasive when first diagnosed and are usually treated by transurethral tumor resection. But 50-80% of patients experience cancer recurrence. Agents for prevention of primary BC have yet to be identified. Existing prophylactics against BC recurrence, e.g., Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), have limited efficacy and utility; they engender significant side effects and require urethral catheterization. Many Cruciferous Vegetables, rich sources of isothiocyanates (ITCs), are commonly consumed by humans. Many ITCs possess promising chemopreventive activities against BC and its recurrence. Moreover, orally ingested ITCs are selectively delivered to bladder via urinary excretion. This review is focused on urinary delivery of ITCs to the bladder, their cellular uptake, their chemopreventive activities in preclinical and epidemiological studies that are particularly relevant to prevention of BC recurrence and progression, and their chemopreventive mechanisms in BC cells and tissues.
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total isothiocyanate yield from raw Cruciferous Vegetables commonly consumed in the united states
Journal of Functional Foods, 2013Co-Authors: Li Tang, Yuesheng Zhang, Christine B Ambrosone, Joseph D Paonessa, Susan E MccannAbstract:Dietary isothiocyanates are a group of promising chemopreventive agents obtained primarily from Cruciferous Vegetables. Due to their potent chemopreventive and/or anti-cancer activities, there is a growing interest in assessing dietary isothiocyanate exposure and its impact on human health. Using the HPLC-based cyclocondensation assay, the current study measured total isothiocyanate yield from raw Cruciferous Vegetables. A total of 73 samples comprising nine types of Cruciferous Vegetables were analyzed. We observed a wide range of isothiocyanate content across the individual Vegetables with an average level of 16.2 μmol/100g wet weight, ranging from 1.5 μmol in raw cauliflower to 61.3 μmol in raw mustard greens. The data represent the maximum amount of isothiocyanates released from the intake of raw Cruciferous Vegetables. Given that the Vegetables assayed in this study include the most commonly consumed Cruciferous Vegetables in western diets, the data may be particularly useful in estimation of dietary isothiocyanate exposure in these populations. However, due to the variation observed within each vegetable, biomarkers such as urinary isothiocyanate level may be necessary for accurate estimation of individual exposure.
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intake of Cruciferous Vegetables modifies bladder cancer survival
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2010Co-Authors: Li Tang, Gary Zirpoli, Khurshid A Guru, Kirsten B Moysich, Yuesheng Zhang, Christine B Ambrosone, Susan E MccannAbstract:Background: Intake of Cruciferous Vegetables, a rich source of dietary isothiocyanates, has been inversely associated with risk of bladder cancer. Due to the potent antiproliferative effects of dietary isothiocyanates on bladder cancer in in vitro and in vivo models, Cruciferous vegetable intake may also play a role in survival among patients with bladder cancer. Methods: Using information obtained from the Roswell Park Cancer Institute Tumor Registry, patient medical records, and routinely collected questionnaire data, we examined potential associations between intake of Cruciferous Vegetables and survival among bladder cancer patients. As cooking can substantially reduce or destroy isothiocyanates, consumption of raw versus cooked Cruciferous Vegetables was examined separately. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: A total of 239 bladder cancer patients were included in the study. After an average of 8 years of follow-up, 179 deaths occurred, with 101 deaths attributable to bladder cancer. After adjustment for other prognostic factors, a strong and significant inverse association was observed between bladder cancer mortality and broccoli intake, in particular raw broccoli intake (≥1 versus <1 serving per month; HR for overall death, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.39-0.83; HR for disease-specific death, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25-0.74). There were no significant associations for total Vegetables, total fruits, or other individual Cruciferous Vegetables. Conclusions: Considering the strong preclinical evidence, intake of broccoli may improve bladder cancer survival. Impact: Further prospective investigation is warranted to confirm the potential role of Cruciferous Vegetables in bladder cancer prognosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 19(7); 1806–11. ©2010 AACR.
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consumption of raw Cruciferous Vegetables is inversely associated with bladder cancer risk
Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention, 2008Co-Authors: Li Tang, Gary Zirpoli, Khurshid A Guru, Kirsten B Moysich, Yuesheng Zhang, Christine B Ambrosone, Susan E MccannAbstract:Cruciferous Vegetables contain isothiocyanates, which show potent chemopreventive activity against bladder cancer in both in vitro and in vivo studies. However, previous epidemiologic studies investigating Cruciferous vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk have been inconsistent. Cooking can substantially reduce or destroy isothiocyanates, and could account for study inconsistencies. In this hospital-based case-control study involving 275 individuals with incident, primary bladder cancer and 825 individuals without cancer, we examined the usual prediagnostic intake of raw and cooked Cruciferous Vegetables in relation to bladder cancer risk. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for smoking and other bladder cancer risk factors. We observed a strong and statistically significant inverse association between bladder cancer risk and raw Cruciferous vegetable intake (adjusted OR for highest versus lowest category = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42-0.97), with a significant trend (P = 0.003); there were no significant associations for fruit, total Vegetables, or total Cruciferous Vegetables. The associations observed for total raw crucifers were also observed for individual raw crucifers. The inverse association remained significant among current and heavy smokers with three or more servings per month of raw Cruciferous Vegetables (adjusted ORs, 0.46 and 0.60; 95% CI, 0.23-0.93 and 0.38-0.93, respectively). These data suggest that Cruciferous Vegetables, when consumed raw, may reduce the risk of bladder cancer, an effect consistent with the role of dietary isothiocyanates as chemopreventive agents against bladder cancer.