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Shulin Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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co utilization of glucose xylose and cellobiose by the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaochen Yu, Yubin Zheng, Xiaochao Xiong, Shulin ChenAbstract:Simultaneous utilization of mixed sugars is one of the major challenges for biofuel production utilizing lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock. Our previous work proved that the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus could efficiently produce lipids, the precursors of hydrocarbons with high energy density, from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. However, the strain's capability of simultaneously utilizing primary sugars was still unknown. Thus, this work comprehensively explored the co-utilization of glucose, xylose and cellobiose by C. curvatus. The results indicated that the consumption of both xylose and cellobiose was repressed by glucose, while xylose and cellobiose could be simultaneously consumed at similar rates. The total sugar consumption rates remained constant at about 0.6 g L−1 h−1 regardless of the sugar composition in the mixtures, and the cell biomass and lipid production by C. curvatus cultured on the different sugar mixtures were similar. Moreover, compared with glucose and xylose, cellobiose could lead to higher dry cell weights and lipid yields, suggesting an excellent carbon source for lipid production. Based on these findings, this study demonstrated an effective approach for alleviating glucose repression for microbial lipid production by C. curvatus through xylose/cellobiose co-utilization which would greatly contribute to a more efficient and economical cellulosic biofuel production.
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sequential hydrothermal fractionation of yeast Cryptococcus curvatus biomass
Bioresource Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Chao Miao, Xiaochen Yu, Moumita Chakraborty, Tao Dong, Shulin ChenAbstract:Abstract A sequential hydrothermal liquefaction (SEQHTL) process was evaluated in this work for fractionating different component of yeast biomass. Sugar and protein were separated first at a lower temperature, and the remaining biomass was then converted to bio-oil at a higher temperature. The separated aqueous products were investigated to be recycled as a carbon and nitrogen sources for the yeast culture. In the first step of SEQHTL, the temperature effect on the yield of sugar/protein and inhibitory compounds (acetic acid and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5HMF)) was investigated. The highest yields of sugar and protein and a minimal level of inhibitory compounds were obtained at 180 °C. At the second step of SEQHTL, the highest bio-oil yield was achieved at 240 °C. In comparison to the one-step hydrothermal liquefaction process, SEQHTL produced a higher quality bio-oil with higher fatty acid and lower nitrogen contents.
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effect of lignocellulose degradation products on microbial biomass and lipid production by the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus
Process Biochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaochen Yu, Yubin Zheng, Jijiao Zeng, Shulin ChenAbstract:Abstract This work investigated effects of lignocellulose degradation products on cell biomass and lipid production by Cryptococcus curvatus . Furfural was found to have the strongest inhibitory effect. For the three phenolic compounds tested, vanillin was the most toxic, while PHB and syringaldehyde showed comparable inhibitions in the concentration range of 0–1.0 g/L. Generally little significant differences on the relative cell biomass and lipid contents at the same concentrations of tested compounds were observed between glucose and xylose as a sole carbon source. At 1.0 g/L of furfural, the cell biomass and lipid content decreased by 78.4% and 61.0% for glucose as well as 72.0% and 59.3% for xylose, respectively. C. curvatus ceased to grow at concentrations of PHB over 1.0 g/L or vanillin over 1.5 g/L. The strain could survive in the presence of syringaldehyde up to 2.0 g/L for glucose or 1.5 g/L for xylose. The compounds’ negative impact was reduced by an increase in inoculum size and a 10% (v/v) seed was detected to be optimal for cell biomass and lipid production. The results demonstrated C . curvatus could effectively utilize most of the dominant monosaccharides and cellobiose existing in lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate in the presence of toxic compounds.
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Yeast fermentation of carboxylic acids obtained from pyrolytic aqueous phases for lipid production.
Bioresource Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Jieni Lian, Manuel Garcia-perez, Ralph Coates, Hongwei Wu, Shulin ChenAbstract:Abstract The presence of very reactive C1–C4 molecules adversely affects the quality bio-oils produced from the pyrolysis of lignocellulosic materials. In this paper a scheme to produce lipids with Cryptococcus curvatus from the carboxylic acids in the pyrolytic aqueous phase collected in fractional condensers is proposed. The capacities of three oleaginous yeasts C. curvatus , Rhodotorula glutinis , Lipomyces starkeyi to ferment acetate, formate, hydroxylacat-aldehyde, phenol and acetol were investigated. While acetate could be a good carbon source for lipid production, formate provides additional energy and contributes to yeast growth and lipid production as auxiliary energy resource. Acetol could slightly support yeast growth, but it inhibits lipid accumulation. Hydroxyacetaldehyde and phenols showed high yeast growth and lipid accumulation inhibition. A pyrolytic aqueous phase with 20 g/L acetate was fermented with C. curvatus , after neutralization and detoxification to produce 6.9 g/L dry biomass and 2.2 g/L lipid.
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oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus for biofuel production ammonia s effect
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2012Co-Authors: Yubin Zheng, Birgitte Kiaer Ahring, Shulin ChenAbstract:Abstract Culturing oleaginous yeast with organic residues can provide cheap feedstock for biodiesel production, but the high content of nitrogen in some feedstocks (such as food residues) can lead to inhibition to cell growth and lipid synthesis, and this may be caused by ammonia. Thus, the inhibitory effect of ammonia on the growth of yeast Cryptococcus curvatus and its possible mechanism were evaluated in this study. The biomass production, lipid contents, affected metabolic pathways, and activities of the related pathway enzymes were investigated. The results showed that the yeast biomass production on acetate decreased from 5.9 kg m −3 to 2.0 kg m −3 when the initial ammonia concentration (in nitrogen equivalent terms) increased from 131 g m −3 to 3140 g m −3 . Ammonia significantly inhibited the yeast growth with volatile fatty acids (VFA) as carbon sources, but not in the culture with pyruvate generating substances (PGS) as carbon sources. However, the fatty acid synthesis was suppressed by ammonia in cultures with either VFA or PGS. The study on mechanism of ammonia inhibition suggested it might include an inhibition on the acyl-CoA synthetase activity, since a 61% decrease in the enzyme activity was found when 3140 g m −3 of ammonia (in nitrogen equivalent terms) was added. This study firstly reported the effect of ammonia with high concentrations to oleaginous yeast growth and lipid accumulation, and provided preliminary evidences on its possible mechanism of acyl-CoA synthetase inhibition.
Xiangfeng Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integration of coagulation, acid separation and struvite precipitation as fermentation medium conditioning methods to enhance microbial lipid production from dewatered sludge
Bioresource Technology Reports, 2019Co-Authors: Tianshuai Mu, Kaiming Peng, Lijun Lu, Wenjie He, Tuo He, Xiangfeng HuangAbstract:Abstract This study explored an integrated proposal of using dewatered sludge to prepare media for Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509 for accumulation of microbial lipids. A volatile fatty acids (VFAs)-containing solution produced by thermal alkaline pretreatment and anaerobic fermentation was used as the cultivation media. Combined conditioning processes including coagulation, acid separation, and struvite precipitation were innovatively set up to remove 98.1% of the ammonia nitrogen and 24.8%–52.3% of unavailable organics in the solution. The conditioned solution could be bio-converted to lipids at about 1.95 g/L with 39.7% lipid content, which was comparable to that achieved with waste activated sludge. The proportions of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were enhanced to 67.1%–74.4% by the integrated conditioning processes. Lipids produced from dewatered sludge were proposed to be favorable raw materials for biodiesel production.
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using non ionic surfactant as an accelerator to increase extracellular lipid production by oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus mucl 29819
Bioresource Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Xiangfeng Huang, Kaiming Peng, Yihan Wang, Yi Shen, Lijun LuAbstract:Abstract The aim of this work was to study the effects of non-ionic surfactant on the accumulation of total microbial lipids and extracellular lipid by Cryptococcus curvatus MUCL 29819 with acetic acid as carbon source. Compared with Brij 58 and Triton X-100, Brij 58 most increased the total lipids, with a yield up to 2.84 g/L (extracellular lipid up to 47%). Brij 58 also increased the metabolic flow of acetic acid to lipid accumulation (maximum conversion of 0.54 g/g at 1.0 g/L Brij 58) and limited its conversion to non-lipid biomass (minimum conversion 0.12 g/g at 0.5 g/L Brij 58). The improvement in the proportion of extracellular lipid by tea saponin and Brij 58 was due to changes in cell membrane permeability and improvement of cell membrane fluidity. Triton X-100, having weaker surface activity, promoted release of extracellular lipid and also increased the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acid (C22:6, docosahexaenoic acid).
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Enhancement of lipid accumulation by oleaginous yeast through phosphorus limitation under high content of ammonia.
Bioresource Technology, 2018Co-Authors: Xiangfeng Huang, Yi Shen, Tianshuai Mu, Ming YuanAbstract:Abstract Low concentrations of acetic acid were used as carbon source to cultivate Cryptococcus curvatus MUCL 29819 for lipid production under high content of ammonia. Phosphorus limitation combined with initial pH regulation (pH = 6) weakened inhibition of free ammonia and promoted lipid accumulation. In batch cultivation, the produced lipid content and yield was 30.3% and 0.92 g/L, higher than those under unlimited condition (18.3% and 0.64 g/L). The content of monounsaturated fatty acid also increased from 37.3% (unlimited condition) to 45.8% (phosphorus-limited condition). During sequencing batch cultivation (SBC), the lipid content reached up to 51.02% under phosphorus-limited condition while only 31.88% under unlimited condition, which can be explained by the higher conversion efficiency of the carbon source to lipid. The total energy consumption including lipid extraction, transesterification and purification was 7.47 and 8.33 GJ under phosphorus-limited and unlimited condition, respectively.
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bioconversion of mixed volatile fatty acids into microbial lipids by Cryptococcus curvatus atcc 20509
Bioresource Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Ming Yuan, Xiangfeng HuangAbstract:Abstract The oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509 can use 5–40 g/L of acetic, propionic, or butyric acid as sole carbon source to produce lipids. High concentrations (30 g/L) of mixed volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were used to cultivate C. curvatus to explore the effects of different ratios of mixed VFAs on lipid production and composition. When mixed VFAs (VFA ratio was 15:5:10) were used as carbon sources, the highest cell mass and lipid concentration were 8.68 g/L and 4.93 g/L, respectively, which were significantly higher than those when 30 g/L of acetic acid was used as sole carbon source. The highest content and yield of odd-numbered fatty acids were 45.1% (VFA ratio was 0:15:15) and 1.62 g/L (VFA ratio was 5:15:10), respectively. These results indicate that adjusting the composition ratios of mixed VFAs effectively improves microbial lipid synthesis and the yield of odd-numbered fatty acids.
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Enhancement of extracellular lipid production by oleaginous yeast through preculture and sequencing batch culture strategy with acetic acid
Bioresource Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Xiangfeng Huang, Yi ShenAbstract:Abstract Oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus MUCL 29819, an acid-tolerant lipid producer, was tested to spill lipids extracellularly using different concentrations of acetic acid as carbon source. Extracellular lipids were released when the yeast was cultured with acetic acid exceeding 20 g/L. The highest production of lipid (5.01 g/L) was obtained when the yeast was cultured with 40 g/L acetic acid. When the yeast was cultivated with moderate concentration (20 g/L) of acetic acid, lipid production was further increased by 49.6% through preculture with 40 g/L acetic acid as stimulant. When applying high concentration (40 g/L) of acetic acid as carbon source in sequencing batch cultivation, extracellular lipids accounted up to 50.5% in the last cycle and the extracellular lipids reached 5.43 g/L through the whole process. This study provides an effective strategy to enhance extracellular lipid production and facilitate the recovery of microbial lipids.
Mainul Hassan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of nitrogen and iron limitations on lipid production by Cryptococcus curvatus grown in batch and fed batch culture
Process Biochemistry, 1996Co-Authors: Mainul Hassan, P J Blanc, Alain Pareilleux, Louismarie Granger, G GomaAbstract:Abstract Cryptococcus curvatus , an oleaginous yeast, was grown under iron (Fe) and nitrogen (N)-limited conditions to produce lipid with a high stearic acid (C18:0) content in batch and fed-batch culture. In batch culture, lack of ferrous ions had no evident effect on growth, lipid production or lipid composition. The highest stearic acid content in the total lipid was 14% in N-limited medium in batch culture. The combined effect of Fe and N-limitation in fed-batch culture was to increase the stearic acid content to 19% of the total lipids and the consumed carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio to 20 g/g. The highest biomass concentration achieved was 70 g/litre and 53% (w/w) lipid accumulated when grown for about 172 h in fed-batch culture. A C:N ratio between 20 and 50 was optimal for intracellular lipid accumulation and a ratio > 50 g/g became crucial for both growth and lipid production in fed-batch culture. The maximal C:N ratio achieved at the end of the culture was 75 g/g. Lipid yield from glucose (g lipid/g glucose) was 0·14 and the fatty acids of lipids obtained were mainly oleic (C18:1), palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0).
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production of cocoa butter equivalents from prickly pear juice fermentation by an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph of Cryptococcus curvatus grown in batch culture
Process Biochemistry, 1995Co-Authors: Mainul Hassan, P J Blanc, Alain Pareilleux, G GomaAbstract:An unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph derived from the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus and named UfaM3 was defective in the conversion of stearic to oleic acid. It was cultivated on diluted (25%) prickly-pear juice in batch culture. The carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N ratio) of the juice (44% glucose and 56% fructose content) was about 50 g/g. Differential utilization of glucose and fructose was observed. The efficiency of substrate conversion was 0·50 g/g for biomass and 0·21 g/g for lipids. The quality of lipids produced by UfaM3 approached cocoa butter.
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production d huiles d organismes unicellulaires h o u par une levure lipogene Cryptococcus curvatus apiotrichum curvatum application aux substituts de beurre de cacao th en partie soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux
1995Co-Authors: Mainul HassanAbstract:La production d'un substitut au beurre de cacao a partir d'une levure lipogene Cryptococcus curvatus a ete entreprise de differentes manieres. Un rapport carbone sur azote (c/n) eleve dans le milieu de croissance stimule l'accumulation lipidique. En cultures discontinues carencees en fer (fe), la croissance du microorganisme, la production lipidique et sa composition en acides gras sont restees inchangees. Cependant, lorsqu'une culture discontinue alimentee est limitee a la fois en fe et en n, la teneur en acide stearique (c18:0) augmente. Des mutants derives de Cryptococcus curvatus, deficients dans la conversion de l'acide stearique en acide oleique (c18:1) ont ete recherches. La qualite des lipides produits par la souche ainsi isolee ufam3 (deposee a l'american type culture collection sous le nom d'apiotrichum curvatum atcc 96219) est tres proche de celle du beurre de cacao. La stabilite de ce mutant auxotrophe vis a vis de l'oleate a ete demontree en suivant en culture continue la composition en acides gras des lipides produits. Le contenu cellulaire en lipide et le rapport acides gras polyinsatures relatif aux acides gras totaux (agpi/ag) sont modifies en fonction du rapport c/n consomme. La production lipidique observee a ete plus rapide en culture continue qu'en culture discontinue. Une utilisation efficace du jus de figues de barbarie pour produire des huiles d'organismes unicellulaires (hou) a ete constatee tant en utilisant la souche sauvage que le mutant
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production of single cell oil from prickly pear juice fermentation by Cryptococcus curvatus grown in batch culture
World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 1994Co-Authors: Mainul Hassan, P J Blanc, Alain Pareilleux, G GomaAbstract:The biomass of Cryptococcus curvatus, an oleaginous yeast, reached 11 g/l and accumulated 46% (w/w) lipid when grown for 35 h in batch culture on diluted (25%) prickly-pear juice. The C:N ratio of the juice was about 50 g/g. The efficiency of substrate conversion was 0.48 g/g for biomass and 0.22 g/g for lipids. The extracted lipids were mainly oleic (18:1) and palmitic (16:0) acids and the quality of pipid approached that of palm oil.
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selection of fatty acid auxotrophs from the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus and production of cocoa butter equivalents in batch culture
Biotechnology Letters, 1994Co-Authors: Mainul Hassan, P J Blanc, Alain Pareilleux, G GomaAbstract:A search was carried out for mutants, defective in the conversion of stearic acid to oleic acid in effort to improve the quality of lipids produced by Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC, 20509. Mutants were selected as unsaturated fatty acid (Ufa) auxotrophs. After treatment of parent organism with Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), 11 oleate-requiring auxotrophs were isolated. Only 3 of them were real unsaturated fatty acid (Ufa) mutants, while the other 8 were designated as fatty acid synthetase (Fas) mutants. The amount of saturated fatty acid (SFA) was about 65.2 % in the lipids extracted from an Ufa mutant named UfaM3 and it was significantly higher than that of the wild-type (WT) (46.6 %) and similar to that of cocoa butter (60.4 %).
G Goma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of nitrogen and iron limitations on lipid production by Cryptococcus curvatus grown in batch and fed batch culture
Process Biochemistry, 1996Co-Authors: Mainul Hassan, P J Blanc, Alain Pareilleux, Louismarie Granger, G GomaAbstract:Abstract Cryptococcus curvatus , an oleaginous yeast, was grown under iron (Fe) and nitrogen (N)-limited conditions to produce lipid with a high stearic acid (C18:0) content in batch and fed-batch culture. In batch culture, lack of ferrous ions had no evident effect on growth, lipid production or lipid composition. The highest stearic acid content in the total lipid was 14% in N-limited medium in batch culture. The combined effect of Fe and N-limitation in fed-batch culture was to increase the stearic acid content to 19% of the total lipids and the consumed carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio to 20 g/g. The highest biomass concentration achieved was 70 g/litre and 53% (w/w) lipid accumulated when grown for about 172 h in fed-batch culture. A C:N ratio between 20 and 50 was optimal for intracellular lipid accumulation and a ratio > 50 g/g became crucial for both growth and lipid production in fed-batch culture. The maximal C:N ratio achieved at the end of the culture was 75 g/g. Lipid yield from glucose (g lipid/g glucose) was 0·14 and the fatty acids of lipids obtained were mainly oleic (C18:1), palmitic (C16:0) and stearic (C18:0).
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production of cocoa butter equivalents from prickly pear juice fermentation by an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph of Cryptococcus curvatus grown in batch culture
Process Biochemistry, 1995Co-Authors: Mainul Hassan, P J Blanc, Alain Pareilleux, G GomaAbstract:An unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph derived from the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus and named UfaM3 was defective in the conversion of stearic to oleic acid. It was cultivated on diluted (25%) prickly-pear juice in batch culture. The carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N ratio) of the juice (44% glucose and 56% fructose content) was about 50 g/g. Differential utilization of glucose and fructose was observed. The efficiency of substrate conversion was 0·50 g/g for biomass and 0·21 g/g for lipids. The quality of lipids produced by UfaM3 approached cocoa butter.
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production of single cell oil from prickly pear juice fermentation by Cryptococcus curvatus grown in batch culture
World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology, 1994Co-Authors: Mainul Hassan, P J Blanc, Alain Pareilleux, G GomaAbstract:The biomass of Cryptococcus curvatus, an oleaginous yeast, reached 11 g/l and accumulated 46% (w/w) lipid when grown for 35 h in batch culture on diluted (25%) prickly-pear juice. The C:N ratio of the juice was about 50 g/g. The efficiency of substrate conversion was 0.48 g/g for biomass and 0.22 g/g for lipids. The extracted lipids were mainly oleic (18:1) and palmitic (16:0) acids and the quality of pipid approached that of palm oil.
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selection of fatty acid auxotrophs from the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus and production of cocoa butter equivalents in batch culture
Biotechnology Letters, 1994Co-Authors: Mainul Hassan, P J Blanc, Alain Pareilleux, G GomaAbstract:A search was carried out for mutants, defective in the conversion of stearic acid to oleic acid in effort to improve the quality of lipids produced by Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC, 20509. Mutants were selected as unsaturated fatty acid (Ufa) auxotrophs. After treatment of parent organism with Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), 11 oleate-requiring auxotrophs were isolated. Only 3 of them were real unsaturated fatty acid (Ufa) mutants, while the other 8 were designated as fatty acid synthetase (Fas) mutants. The amount of saturated fatty acid (SFA) was about 65.2 % in the lipids extracted from an Ufa mutant named UfaM3 and it was significantly higher than that of the wild-type (WT) (46.6 %) and similar to that of cocoa butter (60.4 %).
Yubin Zheng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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co utilization of glucose xylose and cellobiose by the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaochen Yu, Yubin Zheng, Xiaochao Xiong, Shulin ChenAbstract:Simultaneous utilization of mixed sugars is one of the major challenges for biofuel production utilizing lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock. Our previous work proved that the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus could efficiently produce lipids, the precursors of hydrocarbons with high energy density, from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. However, the strain's capability of simultaneously utilizing primary sugars was still unknown. Thus, this work comprehensively explored the co-utilization of glucose, xylose and cellobiose by C. curvatus. The results indicated that the consumption of both xylose and cellobiose was repressed by glucose, while xylose and cellobiose could be simultaneously consumed at similar rates. The total sugar consumption rates remained constant at about 0.6 g L−1 h−1 regardless of the sugar composition in the mixtures, and the cell biomass and lipid production by C. curvatus cultured on the different sugar mixtures were similar. Moreover, compared with glucose and xylose, cellobiose could lead to higher dry cell weights and lipid yields, suggesting an excellent carbon source for lipid production. Based on these findings, this study demonstrated an effective approach for alleviating glucose repression for microbial lipid production by C. curvatus through xylose/cellobiose co-utilization which would greatly contribute to a more efficient and economical cellulosic biofuel production.
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effect of lignocellulose degradation products on microbial biomass and lipid production by the oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus
Process Biochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaochen Yu, Yubin Zheng, Jijiao Zeng, Shulin ChenAbstract:Abstract This work investigated effects of lignocellulose degradation products on cell biomass and lipid production by Cryptococcus curvatus . Furfural was found to have the strongest inhibitory effect. For the three phenolic compounds tested, vanillin was the most toxic, while PHB and syringaldehyde showed comparable inhibitions in the concentration range of 0–1.0 g/L. Generally little significant differences on the relative cell biomass and lipid contents at the same concentrations of tested compounds were observed between glucose and xylose as a sole carbon source. At 1.0 g/L of furfural, the cell biomass and lipid content decreased by 78.4% and 61.0% for glucose as well as 72.0% and 59.3% for xylose, respectively. C. curvatus ceased to grow at concentrations of PHB over 1.0 g/L or vanillin over 1.5 g/L. The strain could survive in the presence of syringaldehyde up to 2.0 g/L for glucose or 1.5 g/L for xylose. The compounds’ negative impact was reduced by an increase in inoculum size and a 10% (v/v) seed was detected to be optimal for cell biomass and lipid production. The results demonstrated C . curvatus could effectively utilize most of the dominant monosaccharides and cellobiose existing in lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate in the presence of toxic compounds.
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oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus for biofuel production ammonia s effect
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2012Co-Authors: Yubin Zheng, Birgitte Kiaer Ahring, Shulin ChenAbstract:Abstract Culturing oleaginous yeast with organic residues can provide cheap feedstock for biodiesel production, but the high content of nitrogen in some feedstocks (such as food residues) can lead to inhibition to cell growth and lipid synthesis, and this may be caused by ammonia. Thus, the inhibitory effect of ammonia on the growth of yeast Cryptococcus curvatus and its possible mechanism were evaluated in this study. The biomass production, lipid contents, affected metabolic pathways, and activities of the related pathway enzymes were investigated. The results showed that the yeast biomass production on acetate decreased from 5.9 kg m −3 to 2.0 kg m −3 when the initial ammonia concentration (in nitrogen equivalent terms) increased from 131 g m −3 to 3140 g m −3 . Ammonia significantly inhibited the yeast growth with volatile fatty acids (VFA) as carbon sources, but not in the culture with pyruvate generating substances (PGS) as carbon sources. However, the fatty acid synthesis was suppressed by ammonia in cultures with either VFA or PGS. The study on mechanism of ammonia inhibition suggested it might include an inhibition on the acyl-CoA synthetase activity, since a 61% decrease in the enzyme activity was found when 3140 g m −3 of ammonia (in nitrogen equivalent terms) was added. This study firstly reported the effect of ammonia with high concentrations to oleaginous yeast growth and lipid accumulation, and provided preliminary evidences on its possible mechanism of acyl-CoA synthetase inhibition.
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lipid production by culturing oleaginous yeast and algae with food waste and municipal wastewater in an integrated process
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2011Co-Authors: Zhanyou Chi, Yubin Zheng, Anping Jiang, Shulin ChenAbstract:Food waste and municipal wastewater are promising feedstocks for microbial lipid biofuel production, and corresponding production process is to be developed. In this study, different oleaginous yeast strains were tested to grow in hydrolyzed food waste, and growths of Cryptococcus curvatus, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Rhodotorula glutinis in this condition were at same level as in glucose culture as control. These strains were further tested to grow in municipal primary wastewater. C. curvatus and R. glutinis had higher production than Y. lipolytica in media made from primary wastewater, both with and without glucose supplemented. Finally, a process was tested to grow C. curvatus and R. glutinis in media made from food waste and municipal wastewater, and the effluents from these processes were further treated with yeast culture and phototrophic algae culture; 1.1 g/L C. curvatus and 1.5 g/L R. glutinis biomass were further produced in second-step yeast cultures, as well as 1.53 and 0.58 g/L Chlorella sorokiniana biomass in phototrophic cultures. The residual nitrogen concentrations in final effluents were 33 mg/L and 34 mg/L, respectively, and the residual phosphorus concentrations were 1.5 and 0.6 mg/L, respectively. The lipid contents in the produced biomass were from 18.7% to 28.6%.
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oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus culture with dark fermentation hydrogen production effluent as feedstock for microbial lipid production
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2011Co-Authors: Yubin Zheng, Shulin ChenAbstract:Volatile fatty acids (VFA) from dark fermentation hydrogen production were tested as carbon sources for the culture of oleaginous yeast Cryptococcus curvatus, which is a promising feedstock for biofuel production. The optimal acetate concentration and pH were investigated when potassium acetate was used as the sole carbon source. Comparisons were then made when hydrogen production effluent (HPE) from synthetic wastewater was tested as feedstock. A pH-stat culture fed with acetic acid ultimately produced 168 g/L biomass, with a lipid content of 75.0%. No inhibitor to yeast growth was produced in the hydrogen production process. However, inhibition occurred in culture with HPE from food waste (FW), indicating that inhibitors may be present in the original raw food waste. This inhibition could be avoided by a process that uses glucose as the initial carbon source and then is continuously fed with FW-HPE. The biomass productivity in this continuous culture process reached 0.34 g/L/h, but the lipid content was only 13.5%. These results suggest that FW-HPE alone is not an optimal feedstock, but HPE derived from nitrogen-deficient waste streams could be good feedstocks. This study provides preliminary evidence for the feasibility of using organic waste for the co-production of hydrogen and lipid.