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R Ritchie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of Cultivation Method and timing previous sward and fertilizer level on subsequent crop yields and nitrate leaching following Cultivation of long term grazed grass and grass clover swards
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2002Co-Authors: A J A Vinten, B C Ball, M F Osullivan, J K Henshall, R Howard, F Wright, R RitchieAbstract:A 3-year field experiment was conducted in 1996-98 near Penicuik, Scotland, to investigate the fate of N released after Cultivation of previously long-term grass and grass-clover swards. The effects of timing of Cultivations (autumn and spring), tillage Methods (no tillage, ploughing to 200 mm and ploughing to 300 mm) and fertilizer N for spring (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha) and winter barley (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N/ha) on yield, N uptake and nitrate leaching were measured. In 1996, after spring Cultivation, on plots previously in grass, spring barley grain yield and N uptake did not respond to N fertilizer, but on plots previously in grass-clover there was a nearly linear response to N. In 1997, the spring barley responded to N fertilizer at all levels. Yields of 1997 winter barley after grass did not show a response above 60 kg N/ha, but increased with fertilizer N up to at least 120 kg N/ha after grass-clover. In 1998, there were strong effects of N fertilizer and Cultivation Method on grain yield and N uptake of both spring barley and winter barley. Winter barley grain yield was significantly higher in plots previously in grass than in plots previously in grass-clover in 1998, though not in 1997. Winter barley yields were higher than spring barley at the same fertilizer N level. Throughout the 3 years, the no-tillage plots had consistently lower yields than the ploughed plots, but there was no consistent difference between the ploughed and deep ploughed treatments. There were strong interactive effects between tillage and previous sward in 1997. No-tillage under spring barley generally yielded lower than ploughing due to difficulties in weed control and the frequent anaerobic conditions in the soil. Annual leaching losses were relatively small (6.4-19.6 kg N/ha). In 1996-97, more N was leached from the plots left in stubble following spring barley than from those planted with winter barley after either spring barley or grass in 1996, but in 1997-98 more N was leached from plots in winter barley than from those in over-winter stubble. Nitrate leaching was least under no-tillage, though the effect was not significant.
Alberto C. Badino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On-Site Production of Cellulolytic Enzymes by the Sequential Cultivation Method
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton N.J.), 2018Co-Authors: Cristiane S. Farinas, Camila Florencio, Alberto C. BadinoAbstract:The conversion of renewable lignocellulosic biomass into fuels, chemicals, and high-value materials using the biochemical platform has been considered the most sustainable alternative for the implementation of future biorefineries. However, the high cost of the cellulolytic enzymatic cocktails used in the saccharification step significantly affects the economics of industrial large-scale conversion processes. The on-site production of enzymes, integrated to the biorefinery plant, is being considered as a potential strategy that could be used to reduce costs. In such approach, the microbial production of enzymes can be carried out using the same lignocellulosic biomass as feedstock for fungal development and biofuels production. Most of the microbial Cultivation processes for the production of industrial enzymes have been developed using the conventional submerged fermentation. Recently, a sequential solid-state followed by submerged fermentation has been described as a potential alternative Cultivation Method for cellulolytic enzymes production. This chapter presents the detailed procedure of the sequential Cultivation Method, which could be employed for the on-site production of the cellulolytic enzymes required to convert lignocellulosic biomass into simple sugars.
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Validation of a Novel Sequential Cultivation Method for the Production of Enzymatic Cocktails from Trichoderma Strains
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2015Co-Authors: C. Florencio, F. M. Cunha, Alberto C. Badino, C. S. FarinasAbstract:The development of new cost-effective bioprocesses for the production of cellulolytic enzymes is needed in order to ensure that the conversion of biomass becomes economically viable. The aim of this study was to determine whether a novel sequential solid-state and submerged fermentation Method (SF) could be validated for different strains of the Trichoderma genus. Cultivation of the Trichoderma reesei Rut-C30 reference strain under SF using sugarcane bagasse as substrate was shown to be favorable for endoglucanase (EGase) production, resulting in up to 4.2-fold improvement compared with conventional submerged fermentation. Characterization of the enzymes in terms of the optimum pH and temperature for EGase activity and comparison of the hydrolysis profiles obtained using a synthetic substrate did not reveal any qualitative differences among the different Cultivation conditions investigated. However, the thermostability of the EGase was influenced by the type of carbon source and Cultivation system. All three strains of Trichoderma tested ( T. reesei Rut-C30, Trichoderma harzianum , and Trichoderma sp INPA 666) achieved higher enzymatic productivity when cultivated under SF, hence validating the proposed SF Method for use with different Trichoderma strains. The results suggest that this bioprocess configuration is a very promising development for the cellulosic biofuels industry.
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Three-phasic fermentation systems for enzyme production with sugarcane bagasse in stirred tank bioreactors: Effects of operational variables and Cultivation Method
Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2015Co-Authors: F. M. Cunha, Mateus N. Esperança, Camila Florencio, Vanessa Molina De Vasconcellos, Cristiane S. Farinas, Alberto C. BadinoAbstract:Abstract The high cost of enzymes is one of the main bottlenecks affecting the industrial production of cellulosic ethanol, which therefore requires the development of improved bioprocesses for the manufacture of cellulases. The present work concerns the selection of operating parameters for enzyme production in three-phasic bioreactors, using sugarcane bagasse as substrate. The parameters considered included Cultivation Method, substrate particle size and pretreatment, agitation speed, and pH. For both shake flask and stirred tank bioreactor (STB), a new sequential Cultivation Method employing steam explosion pretreated sugarcane bagasse significantly improved enzyme production, compared to conventional submerged fermentation. Larger substrate particle size provided a better support for fungal growth in shake flasks, while smaller particles resulted in greater homogeneity in stirred tank bioreactors. Maximum endoglucanase and xylanase production in the STB were 1599 ± 66 and 4212 ± 133 IU L −1 , respectively, under sequential Cultivation using pretreated bagasse particles smaller than 0.5 mm, agitation speed of 700 rpm, and pH 5.0. The findings provide useful information concerning the influence of operational variables on (hemi) cellulases production in STB three-phasic Cultivations, which should contribute to the development of bioprocesses using lignocellulosic materials in large-scale bioreactors.
Nariaki Nishino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The impact of information on taste ranking and Cultivation Method on rice types that protect endangered birds in Japan: Non-hypothetical choice experiment with tasting
Food Quality and Preference, 2019Co-Authors: Keiko Aoki, Kenju Akai, Kiyokazu Ujiie, Takeshi Shimmura, Nariaki NishinoAbstract:Abstract We investigate consumers’ reactions to information on rice types produced using a Cultivation Method that protects the crested ibis (Nipponia nippon), a symbol of the endangered birds of Japan. We employ a non-hypothetical choice experiment with real monetary incentives, in which participants taste three types of rice—Niigata rice, Sado rice, and Sado-Ibis certified rice (Ibis rice)—and choose one to take home. The participants make decisions twice in each choice set, once before and once after tasting. Three information treatments are used: information about taste ranking from chefs and consumers, Cultivation Method, and no-information. Comparing the expected and actual willingness to pay (WTP) for Ibis rice, only the Cultivation Method information increases the WTP, which triples. The WTP in the taste ranking information treatment becomes lower among the participants who refer to chefs, but there is no significant difference in preferences between the expected and actual stages among all participants. For Sado rice, the WTP increases when we provide no-information or information on the Cultivation Method. In both cases, the WTP changes from negative to positive relative to Niigata rice; however, this WTP is less than that for Ibis rice. These results imply that consumers are more sensitive to information of process and effort for a Cultivation Method that protects endangered species than to the information about taste ranking.
G Barroso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new Cultivation technology for paddy straw mushroom volvariella volvacea
Mushroom biology and mushroom products. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Mushroom Biology and Mushroom Products Arcachon France 4-7 , 2011Co-Authors: P Rajapakse, J.m. Savoie, M Foulongneoriol, M Largeteau, G BarrosoAbstract:Paddy straw mushroom (Volvariella volvacea) is a world famous edible mushroom variety that has high demand due to its deliciousness and nutritive value. Although there is a big demand in Sri Lanka, there was no proper Method of Cultivation since it needs high temperature (33-35 ° C) and 85-90 % relative humidity in the growing environment. Therefore, an experiment was designed at Regional Agricultural Research and Development Centre, Department of Agriculture – Makandura during the year 2009 to develop an indoor (poly house) Cultivation Method that would maintain above environment requirements. The outdoor Method was compared with an indoor Method in RCBD. Paddy straw and cotton waste were used separately as main composting materials. The yield of indoor Cultivation Method of cotton waste and paddy straw were 5.38 kg/m 2 and 4.71 kg/m 2 respectively, while yields for the same parameters in outdoor Cultivation Method were 1.79 kg/m 2 and 1.73 kg/m 2 . There were significant yield differences between indoor and outdoor Method in both composting materials. It is concluded that the indoor Method can be successfully used to cultivate paddy straw mushroom profitably in Sri Lanka.
A J A Vinten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the effects of Cultivation Method and timing previous sward and fertilizer level on subsequent crop yields and nitrate leaching following Cultivation of long term grazed grass and grass clover swards
The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2002Co-Authors: A J A Vinten, B C Ball, M F Osullivan, J K Henshall, R Howard, F Wright, R RitchieAbstract:A 3-year field experiment was conducted in 1996-98 near Penicuik, Scotland, to investigate the fate of N released after Cultivation of previously long-term grass and grass-clover swards. The effects of timing of Cultivations (autumn and spring), tillage Methods (no tillage, ploughing to 200 mm and ploughing to 300 mm) and fertilizer N for spring (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha) and winter barley (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N/ha) on yield, N uptake and nitrate leaching were measured. In 1996, after spring Cultivation, on plots previously in grass, spring barley grain yield and N uptake did not respond to N fertilizer, but on plots previously in grass-clover there was a nearly linear response to N. In 1997, the spring barley responded to N fertilizer at all levels. Yields of 1997 winter barley after grass did not show a response above 60 kg N/ha, but increased with fertilizer N up to at least 120 kg N/ha after grass-clover. In 1998, there were strong effects of N fertilizer and Cultivation Method on grain yield and N uptake of both spring barley and winter barley. Winter barley grain yield was significantly higher in plots previously in grass than in plots previously in grass-clover in 1998, though not in 1997. Winter barley yields were higher than spring barley at the same fertilizer N level. Throughout the 3 years, the no-tillage plots had consistently lower yields than the ploughed plots, but there was no consistent difference between the ploughed and deep ploughed treatments. There were strong interactive effects between tillage and previous sward in 1997. No-tillage under spring barley generally yielded lower than ploughing due to difficulties in weed control and the frequent anaerobic conditions in the soil. Annual leaching losses were relatively small (6.4-19.6 kg N/ha). In 1996-97, more N was leached from the plots left in stubble following spring barley than from those planted with winter barley after either spring barley or grass in 1996, but in 1997-98 more N was leached from plots in winter barley than from those in over-winter stubble. Nitrate leaching was least under no-tillage, though the effect was not significant.