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Markus Appel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • fictional narratives cultivate just world beliefs
    Journal of Communication, 2008
    Co-Authors: Markus Appel
    Abstract:

    Cultivation research has identified several misrepresentations on television and has shown that the more people watch television, the more their beliefs correspond to the television world. In recent years, experimental research has demonstrated that fictional narratives are powerful means to change audience beliefs. Theories on the narrative structure of fictional narratives and disposition-based theories of media enjoyment suggest that televised fictional narratives tend to portray the world as a just place. We propose that the amount of fiction watched on television predicts the belief in a just world (BJW). Further, we assume this effect to be compatible with the television use/meanworld relationship expressed by Cultivation Theory. Two cross-sectional studies with N = 128 participants (German sample) and N = 387 (Austrian sample) corroborate our assumptions. The self-reported frequency of watching fiction on television was positively related to the BJW, whereas the general amount of television viewing was positively related to mean- and scary-world beliefs. In the German sample, mean-world beliefs were also affected by viewing tabloid-style (infotainment) television news. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00374.x The relationship between the reality depicted by the media and the worldviews held by the audience is a fundamental question of mass communication research. Starting from Cultivation Theory, we posit that watching fictional narratives on television goes along with an increased belief in a just world (BJW), whereas general television use and watching infotainment nonfiction are related to the belief in a mean world. After introducing relevant Theory and research, we present two cross-sectional studies that corroborate our assumptions. Cultivation of beliefs Cultivation Theory assumes that the ‘‘television world’’ differs from our daily experiences, which leads heavy viewers to believe in the television world rather than real-world statistics. Most prominently, the more people watch television, the more they overestimate crime-related incidents and believe in a mean and scary world

  • Fictional Narratives Cultivate Just‐World Beliefs
    Journal of Communication, 2008
    Co-Authors: Markus Appel
    Abstract:

    Cultivation research has identified several misrepresentations on television and has shown that the more people watch television, the more their beliefs correspond to the television world. In recent years, experimental research has demonstrated that fictional narratives are powerful means to change audience beliefs. Theories on the narrative structure of fictional narratives and disposition-based theories of media enjoyment suggest that televised fictional narratives tend to portray the world as a just place. We propose that the amount of fiction watched on television predicts the belief in a just world (BJW). Further, we assume this effect to be compatible with the television use/meanworld relationship expressed by Cultivation Theory. Two cross-sectional studies with N = 128 participants (German sample) and N = 387 (Austrian sample) corroborate our assumptions. The self-reported frequency of watching fiction on television was positively related to the BJW, whereas the general amount of television viewing was positively related to mean- and scary-world beliefs. In the German sample, mean-world beliefs were also affected by viewing tabloid-style (infotainment) television news. doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2007.00374.x The relationship between the reality depicted by the media and the worldviews held by the audience is a fundamental question of mass communication research. Starting from Cultivation Theory, we posit that watching fictional narratives on television goes along with an increased belief in a just world (BJW), whereas general television use and watching infotainment nonfiction are related to the belief in a mean world. After introducing relevant Theory and research, we present two cross-sectional studies that corroborate our assumptions. Cultivation of beliefs Cultivation Theory assumes that the ‘‘television world’’ differs from our daily experiences, which leads heavy viewers to believe in the television world rather than real-world statistics. Most prominently, the more people watch television, the more they overestimate crime-related incidents and believe in a mean and scary world

James Shanahan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cultivation Theory idea topical fields and methodology
    The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects, 2017
    Co-Authors: Michael Morgan, James Shanahan, Nancy Signorielli
    Abstract:

    Cultivation is the research field that investigates relationships between media exposure (usually television) and beliefs about the world. Heavy viewers of television often hold beliefs that are congruent with what they experience on television. Cultivation has investigated media effects in relation to violence, sex role perceptions, political attitudes, and many other domains. The idea of mainstreaming suggests that heavy viewers, in subgroups that would otherwise differ, are more likely to hold similar conceptions about the world than light viewers. Despite the emergence of many new technologies and dramatic transformations in the TV industry, the Theory and practice of Cultivation analysis remain relevant in the changing media world. Keywords: Cultivation; cultural indicators; mass communication Theory; mass media; television

  • The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects - Cultivation Theory: Idea, Topical Fields, and Methodology
    The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects, 2017
    Co-Authors: Michael Morgan, James Shanahan, Nancy Signorielli
    Abstract:

    Cultivation is the research field that investigates relationships between media exposure (usually television) and beliefs about the world. Heavy viewers of television often hold beliefs that are congruent with what they experience on television. Cultivation has investigated media effects in relation to violence, sex role perceptions, political attitudes, and many other domains. The idea of mainstreaming suggests that heavy viewers, in subgroups that would otherwise differ, are more likely to hold similar conceptions about the world than light viewers. Despite the emergence of many new technologies and dramatic transformations in the TV industry, the Theory and practice of Cultivation analysis remain relevant in the changing media world. Keywords: Cultivation; cultural indicators; mass communication Theory; mass media; television

  • Yesterday's New Cultivation, Tomorrow
    Mass Communication and Society, 2015
    Co-Authors: Michael Morgan, James Shanahan, Nancy Signorielli
    Abstract:

    This article explores the continued applicability of Cultivation Theory in a new media environment. Previous theoretical and empirical work on media that were “new” at the time (such as cable TV and VCRs) is reviewed as context. Changes in the social and media conditions on which Cultivation were premised are also discussed. Some ideas for new methodological approaches to Cultivation measurement and study design are offered. Gerbner's thoughts on television as a “new state religion” are used as a framework for our analysis of the current relevance of Cultivation Theory more than four decades after its introduction, in a vastly different media context.

  • living with television now advances in Cultivation Theory research
    2012
    Co-Authors: Michael Morgan, James Shanahan, Nancy Signorielli
    Abstract:

    Contents: Larry Gross: Foreword: George Gerbner and Cultivation Analysis - Michael Morgan/James Shanahan/Nancy Signorielli: The Stories We Tell: Cultivation Theory and Research - Mary Beth Oliver/Keunmin Bae/Erin Ash/Mun-Young Chung: New Developments in Analyses of Crime and Fear - Dana Mastro/Riva Tukachinsky - Cultivation of Perceptions of Marginalized Groups - Erik C. Nisbet/Teresa A. Myers: Cultivating Tolerance of Homosexuals - Erica Scharrer: Television and Gender Roles: Cultivating Conceptions of Self and Others - Bruce W. Hardy: Cultivation of Political Attitudes in the New Media Environment - Dominique Brossard/Anthony Dudo: Cultivation of Attitudes Toward Science - L. J. Shrum/Jaehoon Lee: Multiple Processes Underlying Cultivation Effects: How Cultivation Works Depends on the Types of Beliefs Being Cultivated - Rick Busselle/Helena Bilandzic: Cultivation and the Perceived Realism of Stories - David R. Ewoldsen/Nancy Rhodes: Cultural Models and the Media: Exploring the Interplay between Culture and the Individual - Samuel D. Bradley/Curtis B. Matthews: Temporal and Narrative Bases of Cultivation: Insight from Neural Networks - Jan Van den Bulck: International Cultivation - Helena Bilandzic/Rick Busselle: A Narrative Perspective on Genre-Specific Cultivation - Karyn Riddle: Developing a Lifetime Television Exposure Scale: The Importance of Television Viewing Habits During Childhood - Amir Hetsroni/Hila Lowenstein: Cultivation and Agenda-Setting: Conceptual and Empirical Intersections - Donald L. Diefenbach/Mark D. West: Cultivation and the Third-Person Effect - James Shanahan/Dietram Scheufele: Cultivation and the Spiral of Silence: Theoretical and Empirical Intersections - Andy Ruddock: Cultivation Analysis and Cultural Studies: Ritual, Performance, and Media Influence - Michael Morgan/James Shanahan/Nancy Signorielli: Looking Forward, Looking Backward: Ten Questions about Cultivation.

  • The State of Cultivation
    Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 2010
    Co-Authors: Michael Morgan, James Shanahan
    Abstract:

    Cultivation analysis investigates television’s contributions to viewers’ conceptions of social reality. Developed by George Gerbner in the 1960s, Cultivation research continues to expand in numerous directions, with over 125 new studies published since 2000. This article reviews the history of Cultivation Theory and takes stock of recent trends in the field. We argue that Cultivation has taken on certain paradigmatic qualities, and we consider the future prospects for Cultivation research in the context of the changing media environment.

W. James Potter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A Critical Analysis of Cultivation Theory
    Journal of Communication, 2014
    Co-Authors: W. James Potter
    Abstract:

    This critical analysis of the "Cultivation" literature reveals 3 conceptions of the term: (a) George Gerbner's macrosystem explanation of mass media processes and effects, (b) a pattern of operational practices that searches for relationships between television exposure and a wide range of Cultivation indicators, and (c) a general forum of explorations of media influence where researchers break away from Gerbner's conceptualizations and boundaries. Using the criteria of heuristic value, empirical support, and precision, this essay evaluates the contribution this large Cultivation literature has made to increasing our understanding of the mass media.

  • Cultivation Theory and Research: A Conceptual Critique.
    Human Communication Research, 1993
    Co-Authors: W. James Potter
    Abstract:

    This is a critical analysis of how Cultivation has been conceptualized in Theory and research. Cultivation indicators are examined for their meaning in texts, the meaning received by viewers, and the distinction between estimations and beliefs. The construct of television exposure is analyzed in terms of the assumptions of uniform messages and nonselective viewing, as well as the conception of time and dominance. The nature of relationship is illuminated through the assumptions of linearity, asymmetry, control variables, causation, level of generality, mainstreaming, and resonance. Recommendations are provided to suggest revisions for conceptualizing the existing Theory and extending it. Suggestions for extension include reconceptualizing the effect and the relationship, developing a typology of effects, considering the context of other simultaneous influences, providing analysis over time, and examining the process of influence on individuals and on the messages.

Michael Morgan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Cultivation Theory idea topical fields and methodology
    The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects, 2017
    Co-Authors: Michael Morgan, James Shanahan, Nancy Signorielli
    Abstract:

    Cultivation is the research field that investigates relationships between media exposure (usually television) and beliefs about the world. Heavy viewers of television often hold beliefs that are congruent with what they experience on television. Cultivation has investigated media effects in relation to violence, sex role perceptions, political attitudes, and many other domains. The idea of mainstreaming suggests that heavy viewers, in subgroups that would otherwise differ, are more likely to hold similar conceptions about the world than light viewers. Despite the emergence of many new technologies and dramatic transformations in the TV industry, the Theory and practice of Cultivation analysis remain relevant in the changing media world. Keywords: Cultivation; cultural indicators; mass communication Theory; mass media; television

  • The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects - Cultivation Theory: Idea, Topical Fields, and Methodology
    The International Encyclopedia of Media Effects, 2017
    Co-Authors: Michael Morgan, James Shanahan, Nancy Signorielli
    Abstract:

    Cultivation is the research field that investigates relationships between media exposure (usually television) and beliefs about the world. Heavy viewers of television often hold beliefs that are congruent with what they experience on television. Cultivation has investigated media effects in relation to violence, sex role perceptions, political attitudes, and many other domains. The idea of mainstreaming suggests that heavy viewers, in subgroups that would otherwise differ, are more likely to hold similar conceptions about the world than light viewers. Despite the emergence of many new technologies and dramatic transformations in the TV industry, the Theory and practice of Cultivation analysis remain relevant in the changing media world. Keywords: Cultivation; cultural indicators; mass communication Theory; mass media; television

  • Yesterday's New Cultivation, Tomorrow
    Mass Communication and Society, 2015
    Co-Authors: Michael Morgan, James Shanahan, Nancy Signorielli
    Abstract:

    This article explores the continued applicability of Cultivation Theory in a new media environment. Previous theoretical and empirical work on media that were “new” at the time (such as cable TV and VCRs) is reviewed as context. Changes in the social and media conditions on which Cultivation were premised are also discussed. Some ideas for new methodological approaches to Cultivation measurement and study design are offered. Gerbner's thoughts on television as a “new state religion” are used as a framework for our analysis of the current relevance of Cultivation Theory more than four decades after its introduction, in a vastly different media context.

  • living with television now advances in Cultivation Theory research
    2012
    Co-Authors: Michael Morgan, James Shanahan, Nancy Signorielli
    Abstract:

    Contents: Larry Gross: Foreword: George Gerbner and Cultivation Analysis - Michael Morgan/James Shanahan/Nancy Signorielli: The Stories We Tell: Cultivation Theory and Research - Mary Beth Oliver/Keunmin Bae/Erin Ash/Mun-Young Chung: New Developments in Analyses of Crime and Fear - Dana Mastro/Riva Tukachinsky - Cultivation of Perceptions of Marginalized Groups - Erik C. Nisbet/Teresa A. Myers: Cultivating Tolerance of Homosexuals - Erica Scharrer: Television and Gender Roles: Cultivating Conceptions of Self and Others - Bruce W. Hardy: Cultivation of Political Attitudes in the New Media Environment - Dominique Brossard/Anthony Dudo: Cultivation of Attitudes Toward Science - L. J. Shrum/Jaehoon Lee: Multiple Processes Underlying Cultivation Effects: How Cultivation Works Depends on the Types of Beliefs Being Cultivated - Rick Busselle/Helena Bilandzic: Cultivation and the Perceived Realism of Stories - David R. Ewoldsen/Nancy Rhodes: Cultural Models and the Media: Exploring the Interplay between Culture and the Individual - Samuel D. Bradley/Curtis B. Matthews: Temporal and Narrative Bases of Cultivation: Insight from Neural Networks - Jan Van den Bulck: International Cultivation - Helena Bilandzic/Rick Busselle: A Narrative Perspective on Genre-Specific Cultivation - Karyn Riddle: Developing a Lifetime Television Exposure Scale: The Importance of Television Viewing Habits During Childhood - Amir Hetsroni/Hila Lowenstein: Cultivation and Agenda-Setting: Conceptual and Empirical Intersections - Donald L. Diefenbach/Mark D. West: Cultivation and the Third-Person Effect - James Shanahan/Dietram Scheufele: Cultivation and the Spiral of Silence: Theoretical and Empirical Intersections - Andy Ruddock: Cultivation Analysis and Cultural Studies: Ritual, Performance, and Media Influence - Michael Morgan/James Shanahan/Nancy Signorielli: Looking Forward, Looking Backward: Ten Questions about Cultivation.

  • The State of Cultivation
    Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 2010
    Co-Authors: Michael Morgan, James Shanahan
    Abstract:

    Cultivation analysis investigates television’s contributions to viewers’ conceptions of social reality. Developed by George Gerbner in the 1960s, Cultivation research continues to expand in numerous directions, with over 125 new studies published since 2000. This article reviews the history of Cultivation Theory and takes stock of recent trends in the field. We argue that Cultivation has taken on certain paradigmatic qualities, and we consider the future prospects for Cultivation research in the context of the changing media environment.

Randy M Page - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.