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Soam Prakash - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of Culture Filtrates of Culicinomyces clavisporus: Mycoadulticide for Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi
Parasitology Research, 2012Co-Authors: Gavendra Singh, Soam PrakashAbstract:The Culicinomyces clavisporus is a fungal pathogen of a wide range of mosquito larvae. The C . clavisporus was isolated from the larvae of Culiseta inornata . We have investigated into potential pathogenicity against the adults of Culex quinquefasciatus , Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi . The Culture Filtrates released from the strain of C . clavisporus 46258 were grown in the EmYPss broth, were filtered and used for the bioassays after a growth of 15 days. The results demonstrated these metabolites with LC_50, LC_90 and LC_99 values of C . quinquefasciatus , 5.62, 8.71 and 12.59, A. aegypti , 3.0, 7.0 and 9.3, and A . stephensi 2.69, 6.0 and 7.24 μl/cm^2, respectively after exposure for 24 h. These results compared favorably with the commercial adulticide Gokilaht^®-S 5EC ( d,d-trans -cyphenothrin) that showed 100% mortality at the same concentration. This study successfully identified that the metabolites of C . clavisporus can be used as mosquitoes adulticide as safer alternative to modern synthetic chemical insecticide against mosquito vector of diseases. Further purification can lead to biotechnological exploitation.
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Studies on Fungal Cultural Filtrates against Adult Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) a Vector of Filariasis
Journal of parasitology research, 2011Co-Authors: Gavendra Singh, Soam PrakashAbstract:Entomopathogenic fungi have significant potential to control mosquito population. The Culture Filtrates of Fusarium oxysporum, Lagenidium giganteum, Trichophyton ajelloi, and Culicinomyces clavisporus were evaluated against adults of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The Culture Filtrates were obtained by filtering the broth through Whatman-1 filter paper. These Culture Filtrates of C. clavisporus have been found significantly pathogenic with LC50-2.5, LC90-7.24, and LC99-8.7 ML, respectively, after exposure of 24 h. However, the Culture Filtrates when were combined, in ratios 1 : 1 : 1 of Fusarium oxysporum, Lagenidium giganteum, Trichophyton ajelloi the mortalities were significantly increased. The LC50-3.71, LC90-8.12, and LC99-11.48 were significantly recorded after exposure of 10 hrs. Similarly, the Culture Filtrates of T. ajelloi, Culicinomyces clavisporus, and L. giganteum have been combined in ratios 1 : 1 : 1. Similarly the LC50-1.94, LC90-4, and LC99-6.16 ML Were recorded after exposure of 10 hrs. The results of present study show promise for the use of selected fungal metabolites for control of Cx. quinquefasciatus in the Laboratory.
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doi:10.1155/2011/147373 Research Article Studies on Fungal Cultural Filtrates against Adult Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) a Vector of Filariasis
2011Co-Authors: Gavendra Singh, Soam PrakashAbstract:License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Entomopathogenic fungi have significant potential to control mosquito population. The Culture Filtrates of Fusarium oxysporum, Lagenidium giganteum, Trichophyton ajelloi, and Culicinomyces clavisporus were evaluated against adults of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The Culture Filtrates were obtained by filtering the broth through Whatman-1 filter paper. These Culture Filtrates of C. clavisporus have been found significantly pathogenic with LC50-2.5, LC90-7.24, and LC99-8.7 ML, respectively, after exposure of 24 h. However, the Culture Filtrates when were combined, in ratios 1: 1: 1 of Fusarium oxysporum, Lagenidium giganteum, Trichophyton ajelloi the mortalities were significantly increased. The LC50-3.71, LC90-8.12, and LC99-11.48 were significantly recorded after exposure of 10 hrs. Similarly, the Culture Filtrates of T. ajelloi, Culicinomyces clavisporus, and L. giganteum have been combined in ratios 1:1:1. Similarly the LC50-1.94, LC90-4, and LC99-6.16 ML Were recorded after exposure of 10 hrs. The results of present study show promise for the use of selected fungal metabolites for control of Cx. quinquefasciatus in the Laboratory. 1
Gavendra Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Evaluation of Culture Filtrates of Culicinomyces clavisporus: Mycoadulticide for Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi
Parasitology Research, 2012Co-Authors: Gavendra Singh, Soam PrakashAbstract:The Culicinomyces clavisporus is a fungal pathogen of a wide range of mosquito larvae. The C . clavisporus was isolated from the larvae of Culiseta inornata . We have investigated into potential pathogenicity against the adults of Culex quinquefasciatus , Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi . The Culture Filtrates released from the strain of C . clavisporus 46258 were grown in the EmYPss broth, were filtered and used for the bioassays after a growth of 15 days. The results demonstrated these metabolites with LC_50, LC_90 and LC_99 values of C . quinquefasciatus , 5.62, 8.71 and 12.59, A. aegypti , 3.0, 7.0 and 9.3, and A . stephensi 2.69, 6.0 and 7.24 μl/cm^2, respectively after exposure for 24 h. These results compared favorably with the commercial adulticide Gokilaht^®-S 5EC ( d,d-trans -cyphenothrin) that showed 100% mortality at the same concentration. This study successfully identified that the metabolites of C . clavisporus can be used as mosquitoes adulticide as safer alternative to modern synthetic chemical insecticide against mosquito vector of diseases. Further purification can lead to biotechnological exploitation.
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Studies on Fungal Cultural Filtrates against Adult Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) a Vector of Filariasis
Journal of parasitology research, 2011Co-Authors: Gavendra Singh, Soam PrakashAbstract:Entomopathogenic fungi have significant potential to control mosquito population. The Culture Filtrates of Fusarium oxysporum, Lagenidium giganteum, Trichophyton ajelloi, and Culicinomyces clavisporus were evaluated against adults of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The Culture Filtrates were obtained by filtering the broth through Whatman-1 filter paper. These Culture Filtrates of C. clavisporus have been found significantly pathogenic with LC50-2.5, LC90-7.24, and LC99-8.7 ML, respectively, after exposure of 24 h. However, the Culture Filtrates when were combined, in ratios 1 : 1 : 1 of Fusarium oxysporum, Lagenidium giganteum, Trichophyton ajelloi the mortalities were significantly increased. The LC50-3.71, LC90-8.12, and LC99-11.48 were significantly recorded after exposure of 10 hrs. Similarly, the Culture Filtrates of T. ajelloi, Culicinomyces clavisporus, and L. giganteum have been combined in ratios 1 : 1 : 1. Similarly the LC50-1.94, LC90-4, and LC99-6.16 ML Were recorded after exposure of 10 hrs. The results of present study show promise for the use of selected fungal metabolites for control of Cx. quinquefasciatus in the Laboratory.
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doi:10.1155/2011/147373 Research Article Studies on Fungal Cultural Filtrates against Adult Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) a Vector of Filariasis
2011Co-Authors: Gavendra Singh, Soam PrakashAbstract:License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Entomopathogenic fungi have significant potential to control mosquito population. The Culture Filtrates of Fusarium oxysporum, Lagenidium giganteum, Trichophyton ajelloi, and Culicinomyces clavisporus were evaluated against adults of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The Culture Filtrates were obtained by filtering the broth through Whatman-1 filter paper. These Culture Filtrates of C. clavisporus have been found significantly pathogenic with LC50-2.5, LC90-7.24, and LC99-8.7 ML, respectively, after exposure of 24 h. However, the Culture Filtrates when were combined, in ratios 1: 1: 1 of Fusarium oxysporum, Lagenidium giganteum, Trichophyton ajelloi the mortalities were significantly increased. The LC50-3.71, LC90-8.12, and LC99-11.48 were significantly recorded after exposure of 10 hrs. Similarly, the Culture Filtrates of T. ajelloi, Culicinomyces clavisporus, and L. giganteum have been combined in ratios 1:1:1. Similarly the LC50-1.94, LC90-4, and LC99-6.16 ML Were recorded after exposure of 10 hrs. The results of present study show promise for the use of selected fungal metabolites for control of Cx. quinquefasciatus in the Laboratory. 1
Arshad Javaid - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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herbicidal activity of fungal Culture Filtrates against chenopodium album l and avena fatua l
Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2012Co-Authors: Minhas Akbar, Arshad JavaidAbstract:Culture Filtrates of four Drechslera spp. namely D. hawaiiensis M.B. Ellis, D. holmii (Luttr.) Subramanian and Jain, D. biseptata (Sacc. and Roum.) Richardson and Fraser and D. australiensis (Bugnicourt) Subramanian and Jain., were evaluated for their herbicidal activity against two cumbersome weeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) namely Chenopodium album L. (dicot) and Avena fatua L. (monocot). Culture Filtrates of these fungal species were prepared in M-1-D medium. In in vitro bioassays, the effect of original (100%) and diluted (50%) fungal Culture Filtrates were investigated in Petri plates against different growth parameters of the two test weed species and a wheat var. Inqlab91. Culture Filtrates of all the four Drechslera species appreciably reduced germination as well as root/shoot growth of C. album and A. fatua. All the fungal Culture Filtrates also suppressed root/shoot growth of wheat; however, the effect was less intense as compared to the effect against the two weed species. In foliar spray bioassays, the effect of original Culture Filtrates was studied on the growth of 1-week and 2-weeks old weeds and wheat plants. Culture filtrate of D. hawaiiensis significantly reduced the shoot and root biomass of 1-week old plants of C. album. Similarly, the Culture Filtrates of D. biseptata and D. australiensis significantly suppressed shoot biomass of both 1-week and 2-weeks old A. fatua plants. None of the fungal Culture Filtrates exhibited significant effect on shoot and root biomass of wheat in foliar spray bioassays.
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herbicidal potential of drechslera spp Culture Filtrates against parthenium hysterophorus l
Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 2011Co-Authors: Arshad Javaid, Amna Javaid, Muhammad AkbarAbstract:Herbicidal activity of Culture Filtrates of four Drechslera spp., namely D. australiensis (Bugnic.) Subram. & B.L. Jain, D. biseptata (Sacc. & Roum.) M.J. Richardson & E.M. Fraser, D. hawaiiensis Bugnic. ex M.B. Ellis, and D. holmii (Luttr.) Subram. & P.C. Jain, prepared in malt extract broth was investigated against parthenium weed ( Parthenium hysterophorus L.) in both laboratory bioassays and pots. In laboratory bioassays, the effect of original (100%) and diluted (50%) Culture Filtrates of the four Drechslera spp. was studied on parthenium germination and seedling growth in 90 mm diameter Petri plates. Original Culture filtrate of all the four Drechslera species significantly reduced germination, shoot length, shoot fresh biomass, root length, and root fresh biomass of parthenium seedlings by 43 to 77%, 77 to 82%, 69 to 82%, 90 to 92%, and 67 to 83%, respectively, as compared to the control. In pot trials, foliar application of original fungal Culture Filtrates was carried out on 1-wk and 2-wk old parthenium seedlings. Culture Filtrates of all the four Drechslera spp., except D. holmii, markedly reduced parthenium shoot dry weight. Two-week-old plants were more susceptible to foliar spray than the 1-wk old plants. There was a 13 to 55% and 28 to 65% reduction in shoot dry weight of 1-wk and 2-wk old parthenium plants, respectively, due to Culture Filtrates of various Drechslera spp. The present study concludes that Drechslera spp. Culture Filtrates can be used as alternative herbicides for parthenium weed management.
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alternative management of a problematic weed of wheat avena fatua l by metabolites of trichoderma
Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 2011Co-Authors: Arshad Javaid, Sajjad AliAbstract:Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) is a problematic weed of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Pakistan. The present study was designed to evaluate the herbicidal activity of Culture Filtrates of four Trichoderma spp., namely T. harzianum, T. pseudokoningii, T. reesei and T. viride, against this weed species. In a laboratory bioassay, original (100%) and diluted (50%) Culture Filtrates of T. harzianum and T. pseudokoningii significantly reduced shoot and root growth of A. fatua seedlings. Only original Culture Filtrates of T. reesei exhibited significant effects, while the effect of Filtrates of T. viride was insignificant against shoot and root growth of the target weed species. Generally, original concentrations of Culture Filtrates of all Trichoderma spp., except T. harzianum, significantly reduced various parameters of root and shoot growth of wheat seedlings. In foliar spray bioassay, pot-grown 1-wk and 2-wk old A. fatua and wheat seedlings were sprayed with 100% Culture Filtrates of the four Trichoderma spp. thrice with 5 d interval each. Culture Filtrates of all except T. viride significantly diminished root and shoot biomass of A. fatua plants in 1-wk old plants. The effect of foliar spray on root and shoot growth of wheat was insignificant. Present study concludes that metabolites of T. harzianum, T. reesei and T. pseudokoningii contain herbicidal constituents for the management of A. fatua.
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herbicidal activity of Culture Filtrates of trichoderma spp against two problematic weeds of wheat
Natural Product Research, 2011Co-Authors: Arshad Javaid, Sajjad AliAbstract:The herbicidal potential of Culture Filtrates of four Trichoderma spp., namely Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Trichoderma pseudokoningii Rifai, Trichoderma reesei Simmons and Trichoderma viride Pers., was evaluated against two problematic weeds of wheat, Phalaris minor L. and Rumex dentatus L. In laboratory bioassays, generally, metabolites of all four Trichoderma species significantly reduced various root and shoot growth parameters of the two target weed species. The original concentrations of the Culture Filtrates of all Trichoderma spp., except T. harzianum, significantly reduced various parameters of root and shoot growth of wheat seedlings. In a foliar spray bioassay, the Culture Filtrates of all four Trichoderma spp. significantly diminished root and shoot biomass of R. dentatus. The effect of these Filtrates on the shoot growth of P. minor and wheat was not significant. Culture Filtrates of the four Trichoderma species were successively extracted with butanol, n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. In detached leaf injection bioassays, n-hexane fractions (3 mg mL(-1)) of T. pseudokoningii, T. reesei and T. viride, and ethyl acetate fractions of T. horzianum and T. pseudokoningii were found to be toxic against R. dentatus. This study concludes that the Culture Filtrates of Trichoderma species have herbicidal potential in the control of R. dentatus.
Sajjad Ali - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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alternative management of a problematic weed of wheat avena fatua l by metabolites of trichoderma
Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 2011Co-Authors: Arshad Javaid, Sajjad AliAbstract:Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) is a problematic weed of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Pakistan. The present study was designed to evaluate the herbicidal activity of Culture Filtrates of four Trichoderma spp., namely T. harzianum, T. pseudokoningii, T. reesei and T. viride, against this weed species. In a laboratory bioassay, original (100%) and diluted (50%) Culture Filtrates of T. harzianum and T. pseudokoningii significantly reduced shoot and root growth of A. fatua seedlings. Only original Culture Filtrates of T. reesei exhibited significant effects, while the effect of Filtrates of T. viride was insignificant against shoot and root growth of the target weed species. Generally, original concentrations of Culture Filtrates of all Trichoderma spp., except T. harzianum, significantly reduced various parameters of root and shoot growth of wheat seedlings. In foliar spray bioassay, pot-grown 1-wk and 2-wk old A. fatua and wheat seedlings were sprayed with 100% Culture Filtrates of the four Trichoderma spp. thrice with 5 d interval each. Culture Filtrates of all except T. viride significantly diminished root and shoot biomass of A. fatua plants in 1-wk old plants. The effect of foliar spray on root and shoot growth of wheat was insignificant. Present study concludes that metabolites of T. harzianum, T. reesei and T. pseudokoningii contain herbicidal constituents for the management of A. fatua.
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herbicidal activity of Culture Filtrates of trichoderma spp against two problematic weeds of wheat
Natural Product Research, 2011Co-Authors: Arshad Javaid, Sajjad AliAbstract:The herbicidal potential of Culture Filtrates of four Trichoderma spp., namely Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Trichoderma pseudokoningii Rifai, Trichoderma reesei Simmons and Trichoderma viride Pers., was evaluated against two problematic weeds of wheat, Phalaris minor L. and Rumex dentatus L. In laboratory bioassays, generally, metabolites of all four Trichoderma species significantly reduced various root and shoot growth parameters of the two target weed species. The original concentrations of the Culture Filtrates of all Trichoderma spp., except T. harzianum, significantly reduced various parameters of root and shoot growth of wheat seedlings. In a foliar spray bioassay, the Culture Filtrates of all four Trichoderma spp. significantly diminished root and shoot biomass of R. dentatus. The effect of these Filtrates on the shoot growth of P. minor and wheat was not significant. Culture Filtrates of the four Trichoderma species were successively extracted with butanol, n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. In detached leaf injection bioassays, n-hexane fractions (3 mg mL(-1)) of T. pseudokoningii, T. reesei and T. viride, and ethyl acetate fractions of T. horzianum and T. pseudokoningii were found to be toxic against R. dentatus. This study concludes that the Culture Filtrates of Trichoderma species have herbicidal potential in the control of R. dentatus.
Jack M. Widholm - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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viability staining of soybean suspension Cultured cells and a seedling stem cutting assay to evaluate phytotoxicity of fusarium solani f sp glycines Culture Filtrates
Plant Cell Reports, 1999Co-Authors: S. Li, Glen L Hartman, Jack M. WidholmAbstract:The phytotoxicity of Culture Filtrates of Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, the fungus causing sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean (Glycine max), was tested with a viability stain of soybean suspension-Cultured cells and a stem cutting assay of soybean seedlings. Suspension-Cultured cells from a SDS-susceptible soybean cultivar were exposed to cell-free Culture Filtrates of F. solani f. sp. glycines or other F. solani isolates for 2, 4, 6, and 8 days and then stained with 0.1% phenosafranin. The percentage of dead soybean suspension-Cultured cells was greater (P<0.001) with Filtrates prepared from F. solani f. sp. glycines than from other F. solani isolates, and dead cells increased over time and with higher concentrations of Culture filtrate. Cuttings of soybean seedlings with their stems immersed in Culture Filtrates of F. solani f. sp. glycines isolates developed SDS-like foliar symptoms, but not when immersed in Filtrates of other isolates. There was a positive correlation (r=0.94, P<0.001) between soybean foliar symptom severity and percentage of stained soybean suspension-Cultured cells. Both methods were used to determine the phytotoxicity of fungal Culture Filtrates.
